THE ROLE OF BIOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN THE INCREASE OF THE YIELD OF SPRING
CEREALS IN VARIETAL TESTING IN POLAND

The growing world population and the increase in the wealth of societies are the reason for the growing demand for food. An important issue is to obtain production growth without excessive increase of use of production inputs. It is possible thanks to biological progress, whose share in creating the growth of plant production in the world is estimated at 40%. The aim of the work is to determine the impact of biological progress on the increase in the yield level of spring cereals in Poland. The analysis was based on the results of post-registration varietal testing for the years 2006-2017. It was found that the yield of varieties of spring cereals increased in the analyzed period by an average of over 15 dt/ha. The share of biological progress in the observed increase ranged from 15% for spring triticale to 38% for spring barley. On average, it was 28% at a lower production intensity level and 23% at a higher intensity level. The importance of biological progress in the increase of yields of spring cereal varieties in Poland is high, and the effective dissemination of new varieties may allow for obtaining more crop production without increasing inputs, if the level of utilization of the varieties’ potential will be higher in agriculture production.

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Comparative Analysis of Energy and GHG Emissions Using Fixed and Variable Fertilization Rates

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 138

Author(s):

Marius Kazlauskas ◽

Indrė Bručienė ◽

Algirdas Jasinskas ◽

Egidijus Šarauskis

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Crop Production ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Fertilization Rate ◽

Plant Production ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Variable Rate ◽

Consumption Energy ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium

Reducing the overuse of mineral fertilizers in crop production is a key factor related to healthier soil, healthier food, and more economical, efficient, and cleaner agricultural production. The aim of this study was to investigate and to compare the effects of fixed and variable rate fertilization with fertilizer consumption, energy consumption, and environmental impact. A 4-year experimental field study using crop rotation of four plants (spring barley, winter oilseed rape, winter wheat, and faba bean) was performed. Fertilization with phosphorus and potassium at a variable rate were performed and applied based on the soil properties analyzed before the start of the research and completion of the fertilization maps. Nitrogen fertilization was performed by additional fertilization using a proximal N-sensor, which gives the accurate nitrogen uptake in plants in real-time. This was followed by a comparative evaluation analysis of variables and conventional fixed-rate fertilization methods to assess fertilizer consumption, energy consumption, environmental impact, and economic efficiency. The results of the study showed that an application of a variable fertilization rate can reduce the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers by 24.9%, energy consumption by 3463.1 kg ha−1, and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by 341.5 kg CO2eq ha−1 compared to fixed fertilization rate. The method of fertilization with a variable application rate reduced the costs of fertilization, and at the same time, the costs of the total plant production by €168.0 ha−1, on average.

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Crop Prices and Deforestation in the Tropics

10.21203/rs.3.rs-658539/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nicolas Berman ◽

Mathieu Couttenier ◽

Antoine Leblois ◽

Raphaël Soubeyran

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Commodity Prices ◽

First Century ◽

Food Demand ◽

World Population ◽

Large N ◽

Level Of Economic Development ◽

The Tropics ◽

The Impact

Abstract Global food demand is rising, pushed by growing world population and dietary changes in developing countries. This encourages farmers to increase crop production which, in turn, increases worldwide demand for agricultural land and the pressure on tropical forests. With a possible doubling of world food demand by 2050, this pressure is not likely to decrease in the next decades. While the impact of food demand on deforestation has been pushed forward in the medias, rigorous evidence using large-N data estimating the causal impact of crop price variations on deforestation remains scarce. Here, we quantify this impact over the twenty first century using high resolution annual forest loss data across the tropics, combined with information about crop-specific agricultural suitability and annual international commodity prices. We find a sizeable impact of price variations on deforestation: crop price variations are estimated to have contributed to 35% of the total predicted deforestation in the tropics over the period 2001-2018. We also highlight that the degree of openness to international trade and level of economic development are first-order local characteristics to explain the magnitude of the impact of crop prices on deforestation.

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Effect of anti-hail nets with different colors on ‘Eva’ apple trees agronomical responses

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452021157 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Marília Aparecida Stroka ◽

Ricardo Antonio Ayub ◽

Daurimar Mendes da Silva ◽

Isabela Letícia Pessenti ◽

André Belmont Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Crop Production ◽

Cropping System ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Plant Production ◽

White Crystal ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Hail Net ◽

The Impact

Abstract The aim of the current research was to evaluate the impact of ‘Eva’ apple tress cultivation under nets with different colors as opposed to cultivation deprived of net treatment on the attributes related to the vigor of the plant, production and fruit quality. The evaluations were carried out during the 2017/18 and 2018/19 crop growing seasons at commercial production fields located in the municipality of Porto Amazonas, PR. The treatments in study consisted of a control (plants grown with no protecting net), along with plants protected by anti-hail nets of distinct colors such as white, crystal (transparent) and black. The following response variables were assessed herein: length and diameter of the branch, plant height and branch diameter as plant vigor measurements, crop production (kg plant-1) and yield (kg ha-1), and number of fruits per plant as to productive yield of the cropping system, as well as shape (height and diameter) of the fruits, mass, Hue angle, firmness, soluble solids and titratable acidity to test grade or fruit quality. There was no significant effect of protecting nets on both vigor and development of the plants. However, production and yield were consistently more expressive under crystal and white protecting nets throughout the second crop growing season. This demonstrated that ‘Eva’ apple trees were conducive to render as well as or even better than those plants bereft of protecting nets in view of the fact that the former treatments caused the plants to suffer less harmful impacts promoted by hail events, excess of wind, and sun burning disorders. The black anti-hail net resulted in negative outcomes as to coloration of the fruits in conjunction with titratable acidity, making them reddish and acidic and, therefore, less attractive for in natura commercial consumption.

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Demonstration Plot Pemanfaatan Pekarangan untuk Ketahanan Pangan Kelompok Wanita Tani di Tasikmalaya

ETHOS (Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian) ◽

10.29313/ethos.v9i2.7051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 237-247

Author(s):

Tini Sudartini ◽

Rendra Gumilar ◽

Vivi Indah Bintari ◽

Deasy Lestary Kusnandar

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Women Farmers ◽

Plant Production ◽

Land Area ◽

Sweet Potatoes ◽

Plant Cultivation ◽

Questions And Answers ◽

Farmer Groups ◽

The Impact

Abstract. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic is felt by all levels of society, one of them are Hegarasri farmer group in Cigalontang, Tasikmalaya and the Sabilulungan farmer group in Tamansari, Tasikmalaya. The problems experienced by the two groups of women farmers are that they do not have sufficient land area, inadequate capital and human resources of members who are not technology literate. So that women farmer groups find it difficult to utilize the resources they have. PbM-KP activities that have been carried out by demonstration plots in the yards and gardens around the Hegarasri farmer group, covering an area of 100 m2. The vegetable demonstration plots consisted of: sweet potatoes, cassava, scallions, sosin, tomatoes and cayenne pepper. And there is The demonstration plot for sweet corn. The method of implementing PbM-KP activities orally by learning theory in the classroom accompanied by questions and answers, providing assistance costs for the practice of demonstration plot of sweet corn and vegetables, and practice of packaging. The conclusion of the activities are: 1. Provision of working capital assistance for land clearing in the form of plant production facilities. From the harvest, which will be used for planting capital for the following season. 2. Assistance in creating a social media account platform is intended for publication of kwt and poktan which are useful for marketing the products produced. 3. Increasing knowledge of plant cultivation to increase crop production, packing farm products to increase selling value.Keywords: PbM-KP, Yard, Food Security.Abstrak. Dampak pandemi Covid-19 dirasakan oleh semua lapisan masyarakat, salah satunya adalah kelompok wanita tani Hegarasri di Cigalontang Tasikmalaya dan kelompok tani Sabilulungan di Tamansari Tasikmalaya. Permasalahan yang dialami oleh kedua kelompok wanita tani tersebut, yaitu tidak mempunyai kecukupan luas tanah, modal yang belum memadai dan sumber daya manusia anggota yang belum melek teknologi. Sehingga, kelompok wanita tani merasa kesulitan dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya yang dimiliki. Kegiatan PbM-KP yang telah dilaksanakan demplot di lahan pekarangan dan kebun sekitar kediaman KWT Hegarasri seluas: 100 bata. Demplot sayuran terdiri dari: ubi jalar, singkong, bawang daun, sosi, tomat, dan cabe rawit, serta terdapat pula demplot jagung manis. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan PbM-KP secara lisan dengan pembelajaran teori di dalam kelas disertai tanya jawab, pemberian biaya bantuan untuk praktik demplot jagung manis dan sayuran, serta praktik packaging-nya. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini, sebagai berikut: 1) Pemberian bantuan modal kerja untuk pembukaan lahan berupa sarana produksi tanaman. Dari hasil panennya, yang akan digunakan untuk modal tanam musim berikutnya. 2) Pendampingan pembuatan platform akun media sosial ditujukan untuk publikasi kwt dan poktan yang berguna untuk pemasaran produk yang dihasilkan. 3) Peningkatan pengetahuan budidaya tanaman untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman, packing produk usaha tani untuk meningkatkan nilai jual.Kata Kunci: PbM-KP, Lahan Pekarangan, Ketahanan Pangan.

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Comparing spring triticale varieties to barley and wheat varieties when harvested as whole crop

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.100693 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Katariina Manni ◽

Timo Lötjönen ◽

Arto Huuskonen

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Production Costs ◽

First Year ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

High Dry Matter ◽

Spring Triticale ◽

Second Year ◽

Dough Stage

Two plot experiments in two consecutive years were conducted to compare spring triticale varieties to spring barley and spring wheat varieties to produce whole crop cereals for ruminants. In the first year, triticale varieties Nagano and Nilex, barley varieties Kaarle and Trekker, and the wheat variety Helmi were studied. In the second year, the triticale varieties Bikini and Somtri and the barley variety Armas were also used. The crops were harvested at the early dough stage of ripening. A treatment with reduced fertilizer and seed rates was included to study their effects on the development of the undersown ley, but such effects could not be demonstrated. The triticale varieties except for Bikini produced high dry matter yields. The highest ear:stem ratio and pepsin-cellulase solubility in the ear were found in the barley varieties Armas and Kaarle, but the digestibility of the whole crop was not improved because of low pepsin-cellulase solubility of the stems or leaves. All the studied varieties were suitable for whole crop production. The production costs of the different types of whole crop silage were fairly similar.

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Climatic conditions for crop production in Nordic countries

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72854 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 149-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Arne Oddvar Skjelvåg

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Growth Index ◽

Growing Season ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Nordic Countries ◽

Plant Production ◽

Yield Level ◽

The Difference ◽

Moisture Conditions

Climate is today a more determinant factor for yield level than it was in the past, when soil fertility was more important. The regional variation in radiation during the growing season in Nordic countries is less than that in temperature conditions. A combined plant growth-related index of these climatic factors accumulated during the growing season decreased from an annual value of 106 at 56°N (Ødum, East Jutland) to about 90, 60 and 44 at 60°N, 67°N and 70°N, respectively. The difference between coastal areas in Norway and the Finnish interior was either negligible or about 10% in disfavour of the coast at 67°N. When the moisture conditions of an imaginary pasture crop on a sandy soil were taken into account, the combined accumulated growth index of radiation, temperature and soil moisture was 71 at Ødum. On the Norwegian coast, the values were 72, 49 and 37, whilst in Finland, up to northeastern Norway, they were 56, 43 and 35 at 60°N, 67°N and 70°N, respectively. Plant production potential may be directly related to the accumulated growth index.

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Harnessing Trichoderma in Agriculture for Productivity and Sustainability

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11122559 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2559

Author(s):

Nur Syafikah Abdullah ◽

Febri Doni ◽

Muhamad Shakirin Mispan ◽

Mohd Zuwairi Saiman ◽

Yusmin Mohd Yusuf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Crop Production ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Plant Production ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Great Promise ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽

The Impact

Increased agricultural activities driven by rising food demand have led to environmental problems mostly arising from the high levels of external inputs and resources that are required. Additionally, environmental changes, such as global warming, can lead to various biotic and abiotic stresses, which have negative impacts on crop production. Numerous solutions and agricultural strategies have been introduced to overcome these problems. One of the ways to improve plant production as well as to increase resistance towards biotic and abiotic stresses is by utilizing beneficial microbes as soil inoculants. A better understanding of the ability of Trichoderma to enhance crop production and the mechanisms that are involved are important for deriving maximum benefits from their exploitation. These versatile fungi hold great promise for the development of viable commercial products that can be used widely in agriculture for increasing crop productivity in a more sustainable way. Many previous reviews on Trichoderma have tended to focus on the mechanisms of Trichoderma in enhancing plant growth and yield. This current review discusses the sustainability aspect of using Trichoderma as plant growth regulators, the impact on plant growth and yield as well as their effects in regulating biotic and abiotic stresses.

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Long-Term Productive, Competitive, and Economic Aspects of Spring Cereal Mixtures in Integrated and Organic Crop Rotations

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10060231 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 231

Author(s):

Kazimierz Klima ◽

Agnieszka Synowiec ◽

Joanna Puła ◽

Maciej Chowaniak ◽

Katarzyna Pużyńska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spring Barley ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Mountainous Areas ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Area Index ◽

Land Equivalent Ratio ◽

Spring Triticale ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Integrated Or

Cultivation of spring cereal mixtures (SCMs) is one of the ways to increase the yield of crops in mountainous areas of Poland. There are only a few current long-term studies on this topic. Our study aimed at analyzing yield and competitiveness as well as the economic indicators of spring cereals in pure or mixed sowings in integrated or organic crop rotations over nine years. A field experiment including pure sowings of oats, spring barley, or spring triticale and their two-component SCMs, each in two systems, organic and integrated crop rotation, was carried out in the Mountainous Experimental Station in Czyrna, Poland, in the years 2011–2019. On average, cereals in the pure sowings and mixtures yielded 18% lower in the organic rotations compared with the integrated ones. However, SCMs yielded higher than the pure sowings, and displayed a higher leaf area index and land equivalent ratio. The average gross margin without subsidies was almost two times higher in the organic crop rotations than in the integrated ones, which was influenced mainly by the cultivation of barley in pure sowing. Summing up, the cultivation of SCMs in the mountainous areas of southern Poland is advised because of both productive and economic factors.

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Ammonia Volatilization from Fertilizer Urea—A New Challenge for Agriculture and Industry in View of Growing Global Demand for Food and Energy Crops

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11090822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 822

Author(s):

Maria Skorupka ◽

Artur Nosalewicz

Keyword(s):

Food Production ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Arable Land ◽

Energy Crops ◽

Plant Production ◽

Limited Area ◽

World Population ◽

Ammonia Emissions ◽

Total Ammonia ◽

The Impact

The growing world population and the necessity to meet its nutritional needs despite the limited area of agricultural land pose a serious challenge for agriculture. Agriculture is responsible for 80–95% of total ammonia emissions to the atmosphere, but at the same time it has great potential to reduce them. Fertilisation with mineral nitrogen (in particular urea) is responsible for 19.0–20.3% of total ammonia emissions emitted from agriculture. Ammonia emissions have a negative impact on the environment and human health, therefore it is important to minimize the volatilization of ammonia and increase fertiliser efficiency. This is important due to the need to mitigate the negative impact of anthropopressure on the environment in terms of air pollution, negative effect on soils and waters. The application of urease inhibitors during fertilisation with nitrogen fertilisers is one method to reduce ammonia emissions from plant production. Another option to achieve this goal is to reverse the global trend toward maximizing the production of energy crops (intensive fertilisation inevitably increasing ammonia emissions to the environment) for the production of biofuels, which is growing rapidly, taking up arable land that could be used for food production. The aim of the review is to identify the impact of recently introduced technologies for reducing ammonia emissions from urea on agricultural productivity, environment, and crops. It is of importance to reconsider optimization of crop production in arable land, possible owing to the progress in the production, modification, and application of mineral fertilisers and changes in crop structure. A broad debate is necessary with policymakers and stakeholders to define new targets allowing introduction of technologies for conversion of energy crops into energy with a minimal impact on food production and environmental issue.

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DAMPAK PROGRAM DIKLAT ONLINE TIK GURU PUSTEKKOM TERHADAP AKSESBILITAS KONTEN PEMBELAJARAN PADA FITUR RUMAH BELAJAR

Jurnal Pendidikan ◽

10.33830/jp.v19i2.687.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Eni Susilawati

Keyword(s):

Teacher Training ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Online Training ◽

Research Approach ◽

Intensity Level ◽

Web Based ◽

Learning Content ◽

Open Questions ◽

Ict Training ◽

The Impact

The research objective is to analyze the impact of the participation of online ICT teacher training to increase the number of accessibility the learning content of features in Rumah Belajar. This research used the quantitative research approach with descriptive quantitative analysis methods to be able to describe how the increase in accessibility features of Rumah Belajar and utilization in learning in school. Samples were selected in this study are all online training participants at 15 locations online training that has been conducted by Pustekkom in 2015 and 2016 in 2015. The data was collected using a questionnaire and a list of open questions in accordance with the purpose of research. The results showed that 1) online ICT teacher training participants, after completing the Pustekkom training online using become more motivated to access other feature in Rumah Belajar; 2) The order of the percentage of the intensity level of accessibility to the other features of Rumah Belajar are: Sumber Belajar 23%, BSE 23%, Bank Soal 21%, Kelas Maya 13%, Lab Maya 6%, Karya Guru 4%, Wahana Jelajah Angkasa 4%, Peta Budaya 4% and Karya Komunitas 2%, and ICT training online using the application PKB Rumah Belajar can be used as a reference for efforts to develop a web-based learning applications, in particular for the development of Rumah belajar portal belongs Pustekkom Kemendikbud. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk menganalisis dampak keikutsertaan diklat online TIK guru Belajar terhadap peningkatan jumlah aksebilitas konten pembelajaran pada fitur-fitur rumah belajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode analisis kuantitatif secara deskriptif untuk bisa menggambarkan bagaimana peningkatan aksesbilitas fitur-fitur rumah belajar dan pemanfaatannya dalam pembelajaran di sekolah. Sampel yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini adalah semua peserta diklat online pada 15 lokasi diklat online yang telah dilaksanakan oleh Pustekkom pada tahun 2015 dan 2016. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan daftar pertanyaan terbuka sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) peserta diklat online TIK Guru, setelah mengikuti diklat online Pustekkom, menjadi lebih termotivasi untuk mengakses fitur-fitur lainnya dalam Rumah Belajar; 2) Urutan prosentase tingkat intensitas aksesbilitas terhadap fitur-fitur Rumbel selain Pengembangan Keprofesian berkelanjutan (PKB) adalah: Sumber Belajar 23%, Buku Sekolah Elektronik (BSE) 23%, Bank Soal 21%, Kelas Maya 13%, Lab Maya 6%, Karya Guru 4%, Wahana Jelajah Angkasa 4%, Peta Budaya 4% dan Karya Komunitas 2%; dan 3) diklat online TIK menggunakan aplikasi PKB. Rumah belajar bisa dijadikan referensi bagi upaya pengembangan aplikasi pembelajaran berbasis web, khususnya bagi pengembangan portal Rumah Belajar milik Pustekkom Kemendikbud.

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