scholarly journals Syysvehnän viljelystä ja sen vaikutuksesta rikkaruohoihin Suomessa

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-423
Author(s):  
Mikko Raatikainen ◽  
Terttu Raatikainen
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Erysimum Cheiranthoides ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Myosotis Arvensis ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Koko Suomen syysvehnäpelloista tutkittiin v. 1972-1974 otannalla 0.8 %. Tällöin todettiin, että syysvehnää viljeltiin yleensä suurilla tiloilla, vanhoilla pelloilla, savimailla, suurilla lohkoilla ja lähellä talouskeskusta. Syysvehnälohkoilla oli käytetty ennen syysvehnän viljelyä hyvin usein leikkuupuimuria ja herbisidejä. Esikasvina oli tavallisimmin syysvehnä tai muu vilja, vaikka neuvonta vastusti monokulttuuria. Peruslannoituksessa noudatettiin yleensä ohjeita, jopa ylitettiinkin suositellut käyttömäärät. Lajikesuosituksia yleensä noudatettiin ja uudet lajikkeet otettiin käyttöön muutamassa vuodessa. Kasvinsuojelu, varsinkin peittaus laiminlyötiin usein. Rikkaruohoruiskutuksissa olisi tullut käyttää useammin seosvalmisteita ja oikeata ruiskutusaikaa. Kylvösiemenmäärä oli usein ylisuuri ja kylvökausi liian pitkä, mistä aiheutui yksittäisillä tiloilla haittoja ja sadonmenetyksiä. Valistuneimpien viljelijöiden tiloilla neuvontaa seurattiin ja noudatettiinkin melko nopeasti, mutta osa viljeli perinnäisiä tapojen noudattaen. Helppotajuinen neuvonta otettiin vastaan nopeammin kuin vaikeatajuinen. Neuvonnassa tulisi kiinnittää enemmän huomiota tilakohtaiseen neuvontaan. Syysvehnälohkoilta tavattiin 130 rikkaruoholajia, joista 26 esiintyi yli 16 %:lla peltolohkoista. Rikkaruohoja oli keskimäärin 257 yksilöä tai versoa/ m2. Tiheimmässä kasvoivat syysyksivuotisista Viola arvensis, Matricaria spp., Stellaria media, Lapsana communis ja Myosotis arvensis, kevätyksivuotisista Galeopsis spp., Chenopodium album, Erysimum cheiranthoides, Polygonum aviculare, Myosurus minimus, Gnaphalium uliginosum ja Polygonum convolvulus, ja monivuotisista Agropyron repens. Rikkaruohokoostumus poikkesi ruispeltojen rikkaruohokoostumuksesta joten neuvonnan tulisi kohdistua viljelykasvikohtaiseen neuvontaan. Rikkaruohojen tiheyteen vaikuttivat mm. lohkon etäisyys talouskeskuksesta, lohkon ikä peltona, maalaji, maaperän kosteus, leikkuupuintikertojen määrä, herbisidikäsittelyjen määrä, esikasvi, kylvöaika, kasvukauden vaihe ja viljan peittävyys. Tekijät eivät aina vaikuttaneet suoranaisesti vaan olivat todellisten tekijöiden indikaattoreita.

scholarly journals Syysrukiin perustaminen, hoito ja rikkaruohojen ekologia

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-479
Author(s):  
Mikko Raatikainen ◽  
Terttu Raatikainen
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Erysimum Cheiranthoides ◽  
Myosotis Arvensis ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Tutkimus tehtiin v. 1972—1974 koko Suomesta otannalla poimituilla 325 syysruislohkolla, joiden pinta-ala oli 0.7 % maan ruisalasta. Ruista viljeltiin keskimääräistä suuremmilla tiloilla. Sitä viljeltiin suositusten mukaan etenkin kevyehköillä kivennäismailla ja keskinkertaisen kosteilla tai poutivilla mailla. Leikkuupuintia ja herbisidejä rukiin viljelylohkoilla ei ollut käytetty kovin usein. Esikasvina oli Lounais-Suomessa tavallisimmin kevätvilja tai ruis ja Väli-Suomessa nurmi tai kevätvilja. Peruslannoitukseksi annettiin karjanlantaa 30%:lle ja väkilannoitteita 92 %:lle ruislohkoista. Lajikkeet olivat yleensä alueelle suositeltuja. Kylvösiemenestä peitattiin vain 48 %, ja kylvösiementä käytettiin usein liikaa, mikä aiheutti tiheitä ja lakoontuvia kasvustoja. Kylvökausi oli liian pitkä, mistä seurasi yksittäisillä tiloilla huomattavia sadonmenetyksiä. Kahukärpästä ei torjuttu kemiallisesti eikä talvituhosieniäkään orasasteella juuri koskaan. Typpeä käytettiin kevätlannoituksessa yleensä suositellut määrät, mutta eräissä tapauksissa liikaa, kun samalla muu nykyaikainen viljelytekniikka laiminlyötiin. Ruislohkoista käsiteltiin herbisideillä 25 % ja korrenvahvisteella 15 %. Ruisalasta oli vain 0.9 % nurmen suojaviljana. Ruislohkoilta löydettiin 176 putkilokasvilajia. Lajimäärä oli suurin Itä-Suomessa. Kaikkien lajien yleisyysprosentit määritettiin. Yleisimmät lajit olivat syysyksivuotisista Viola arvensis, Stellaria media, Matricaria spp., Myosotis arvensis ja Lapsana communis, kevätyksivuotisista Chenopodium album, Galeopsis spp., Erysimum cheiranthoides, Polygonum aviculare ja P. convolvulus ja monivuotisista Ranunculus repens, Agrostis spp., Cerastium caespitosum, Phleum pratense ja Agropyron repens. Lohkoilla oli keskimäärin 303 rikkaruohoa/m2. Tiheys oli pienin Lounais-Suomessa. Kaikkien lajien yksilömäärä tai versomäärä/m2 määritettiin. Tiheimmässä kasvoivat syysyksivuotisista Viola arvensis, Stellaria media, Matricaria spp., Myosotis arvensis ja Lapsana communis, kevätyksivuotisista Galeopsis spp.,Chenopodium album ja Erysimum cheiranthoides ja monivuotisista Agrostis spp., Agropyron repens, Poa pratensis ja Ranunculus repens. Tilakoko, lohkon ikä peltona, maalaji, maaperän kosteus, leikkuupuintikertojen määrä, herbisidiruiskutusten määrä, esikasvi, kylvöaika, peittaus, kasvukauden vaihe, viljan peittävyys ja viljelyalue vaikuttivat joko suoranaisesti rikkaruohojen tiheyteen tai olivat tiheyden indikaattoreita. Rukiinviljelyalue jakaantui rikkakasvien perusteella kahteen alueeseen.

The herbicide effect for controlling the weeds in wheat field

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Azzaya T ◽  
Otgonsuren M
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Vicia Cracca ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Of all reported distributions of weeds of 19 species belonging to 15 genera of 10 families in the wheat planted fields Tsagaannuur soum of Selenge aimag, annuals account for 57.9%, biennials for 10.5% and perennials for 31.5%. The use of herbicide Trimexa, Cliomex 300, Cliodmex plus and Trimexa + Cliodimex plus express for controlling both grassy and dicotyledonous weeds has Agropyron repens L, Panicium miliaceum L, Eragrostis minor Host, Amaranthus retroflexus L, Artemisia sieversiana Willd, Cannabis ruderalis Janisch, Chenopodium album L, Chenopodium aristatum L, Chenopodium acuminatum Willd, Convolvulus arvensis L, Convolvulus gortschakovii Schrenk, Erodium stephanianum Willd, Polygonum  convolvulus L, Geranium  siviricum L, Salsola collina (Pall), Salsola australis R.Br, Noneo pulla L, Malva mohileviensis Downer, Vicia cracca L. 84.4-90.9% technical effectiveness.

scholarly journals Growth of weeds in cereal populations

1972 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila-Riitta Erviö
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Cereal Seed

The weeds in this study consisted mainly of Chenopodium album, Stellaria media, Viola arvensis, Polygonum convolvulus, P. aviculare and P. lapathifolium. Increasing cereal seed rates reduced the numbers, individual weights and total yields of the most abundant species, Chenopodium album. The decreases in plant weight and total yield of the weeds were very steep when the cereal seed rate was raised from 25 to 200 kg/ha. Increases in the seeding rate reduced the total yields of weeds rather than their numbers. The effect of the cereal on weeds became apparent as soon as heading of the cereal was complete and was further enhanced by prolonged competition. Added nitrogen raised the weed yields at cereal seed rates of 25—100 kg/ha but reduced them at higher seed rates. Nitrogen also raised the yield and individual plant weight of C. album. Cereal seed rate did not affect the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents of the weeds grown among the crop. Due to larger total weed yields, however, the amounts of these nutrients in the weeds were higher in sparse than in dense cereal populations.

scholarly journals The effect of different agrotechnical levels on weed infestation in crops of naked and husked varieties of oat (Avena sativa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
The City ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

The present study was carried out in the period 2007- 2009 in the Experimental Farm in Bezek near the city of Chełm. The aim of the investigation was to compare weed infestation of the husked (Krezus) and naked (Cacko) oat cultivars cultivated under conditions of different weed control treatments. The following weed control levels were compared: A - control object; B - harrowing twice; C - application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE; D - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + foliar fertilizer Insol 3; E - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + two foliar fertilizers: Insol 3 and FoliCare 18:18:18. The husked oat cv. Krezus was more competitive against weeds. Number of dicotyledonous weeds and of monocotyledonous weeds, total weeds, and air-dry weight of above-ground parts of weeds in the crop of this cultivar were all significantly lower compared to the naked cv. Cacko. From the group of dicotyledonous species, <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Matricaria maritima</i> ssp. <i>inodora</i>, <i>Polygonum aviculare</i>, and <i>Stellaria media</i> were the dominant species in the crops of the oat varieties under investigation, whereas among the monocotyledonous species <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i>, <i>Setaria pumila</i>, <i>Apera spica-venti</i>, and <i>Elymus repens</i> occurred in greatest numbers. The application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE decreased the number of dicotyledonous weeds and air-dry weight of weeds, compared to the treatment in which mechanical weed control had been used.

scholarly journals Synanthropic Orchard Flora in West Mazovia – Central Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Lisek
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés

Abstract Research on synanthropic flora was conducted in the orchards of central Poland (near Skierniewice, Łowicz and Grójec). In the 2007-2010 time period, 390 phytosociological releves were taken, which included herbicide fallow under trees, swarm of inter-rows, tillage places, trodden and rutty places, roadsides, boundary stripes and drainage ditches. In the examined orchards the occurrence of 186 species belonging to 39 botanical families was noted. The most numerously represented were: Asteraceae (21%), Poaceae (15%), Brassicacea (8%) and Fabaceae (7%). In the examined orchards, 60% of the found species occurred occasionally or rarely. Those species which were found at the 15% level were: Equisetum arvense, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Convolvulus arvensis, Viola arvensis, Epilobium adenocaulon, Conyza canadensis, Taraxacum officinale, Poa annua, and Echinochloa crus-galli. All of these species which occurred at the 15% level were most frequently noted in the herbicide fallow and were recognised as the most significant orchard weeds. The most numerous group in the examined orchards was made up of the therophytes (50%), which predominated over hemicryptophytes (31%) and geophytes (10%). Apophytes - native species (59%) predominated over archeophytes (33%) and kenophytes (8%). Within the vascular flora of the examined orchards, those which were predominant were the segetal species (26%), ruderal species (21%) and meadow species (19%).

scholarly journals Видовой состав сорных растений в агрофитоценозах зерновых культур в географически отдаленных областях: Ленинградской (Северо-Западный регион) и Липецкой (Центрально-Черноземный регион)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Н. Лунева
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Silene Vulgaris ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Echinochloa Crusgalli ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Fumaria Officinalis

Цель исследования – выявление различий в видовом составе сорных растений в посевах зерновых культур в географически отдаленных регионах (СЗР и ЦЧР). Произведен сравнительный анализ данных обследования 30 полей зерновых культур в ряде районов Ленинградской области в 2014-2016 гг. и 29 полей в районах Липецкой области в 2016-2018 гг., осуществленных по оригинальной методике автора. Использованы традиционные методы флористического анализа, а также распределение видов по классам постоянства встречаемости. Различия между сегетальными элементами флоры зерновых культур двух областей заключаются в более высоких показателях флористического богатства и таксономического разнообразия в Ленинградской области, а также различной очередностью семейств в первых двух «триадах» сравниваемых флористических спектров. Более глубокие отличия заключаются не только в наличии дифференциальных видов (63 вида в посевах зерновых культур только в Ленинградской области и 45 видов в посевах зерновых только в Липецкой области), но и в разных показателях встречаемости одинаковых видов, засоряющих посевы зерновых культур в обоих регионах. К более высоким классам постоянства встречаемости в Ленинградской области, чем в Липецкой, относятся виды: Chenopodium album L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., Matricaria discoídea DC., Taraxacum officinale Wigg., Thlaspi arvense L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Fumaria officinalis L. и Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Loeve, Achillea millefolium L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Sonchus arvensis L., Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill., Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, Plantago major L., Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S.F. Gray, Polygonum aviculare L. На территории Липецкой области такими видами являются – Silene praténsis (Rafn) Godr,. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Galeopsis tetrahit L., Galium aparine L., Convolvulus arvensis L. В засоренности посевов ячменя в разных областях также выявлены различия: зарегистрировано 42 вида сорных растений в посевах ячменя только Ленинградской области (среди которых доминирует Matricaria discoídea DC.) и 31 вид в посевах ячменя только в Липецкой области (среди которых доминируют Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., и Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Из 29 одинаковых видов в посевах ячменя обеих областей, в Ленинградской области преобладают Chenopodium album L., Fumaria officinalis L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., а в Липецкой Convolvulus arvensis L., Galeopsis tetrahit L., Raphanus raphanistrum L. Следовательно, фитосанитарный прогноз распространения видов сорных растений в посевах зерновых культур в целом, и в посевах ячменя, в частности, как и системы защиты от сорных растений будут отличаться в двух сравниваемых регионах.

scholarly journals Uptake of more important mineral components by common field weeds on loess soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Malicki ◽  
Czesława Berbeciowa
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

We have determined the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in winter wheat, spring barley, sugar beets and winter rape, as well as in the most common weed species infesting these crops. It was established that the percentage of mineral components in the dry matter of the majority of weeds is higher than in that of the cultivated plants. The most dangerous weed species competing with plants for the investigated nutrients were: <i>Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Polygonum convolvulus, Sonchus arvensis</i> and <i>Stellaria media</i>.

scholarly journals Weeds of cereal stubble-fields on various soils in the Kielce region. P. III. Black, alluvial and rendzina soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Maria Jędruszczak ◽  
Jan Majda
Keyword(s):  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Soil Features ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Myosotis Arvensis

The weed flora growing stubble-fields area is determined by soil features. Weeds found in cereal stubble-fields on black soils formed from sands and loams, medium and haevy alluvial soils as well as brown and chernozem rendzina soils are presented in the paper. The 273 phytosociological records were worked out. They were collected from 87 stands situated in 76 localities of Kielce region. The results showed that species number and species composition were dependent on the soils (black. alluvial, rendzina). The existance of 118 (medium alluvial soil) to 140 (brown rendzina soil) weed species, including 73 common for all of the soils considered, was found there. Relatively high per cent (29-35) of them belonged to perennial weeds. From 22 (brown rendzina soil) to 35 (heavy alluvial soil) of species reached high constancy degrees (V-III). <i>Stellaria media, Myosotis arvensis, Polygonum aviculare, Agropyron repens</i> and <i>Cirsium arvense</i> predominated on the all of the soil examined. Among the weed flora registered, 25 species, recorded only on rendzina soils, were distinguishable for that soils.

scholarly journals „Flax specialists”-weed species extinct in Poland?

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Heller
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Fibre Flax ◽  
The Past ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Made In

„Flax specialists”-weed species extinct in Poland? The results of a research on segetal weed communities in fibre flax in Poland are presented, with respect to different regions of cultivation, and changes in the level of infestation during the past forty years. Observations on composition and abundance of weed infestations were made in fields in six experimental farms at the Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants. The observations conducted in the period 1967-2008 did not show the occurrence of weed species from the group of so-called "flax specialists": Lolium remotum Schrank, Spergula arvensis L. subsp. maxima (Weiche) O. Schwarz, Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. and Cuscuta epilinum Weihe Ex Boenn. In Poland, weed populations in fibre flax consist of species typical for cereals and root crops: Chenopodium album L., Polygonum convolvulus L., Viola arvensis Murr., Stellaria media Vill., Lamium amplexicaule L., Thlaspi arvense L., Elymus repens (L.) Gould, and Polygonum nodosum Pers.

scholarly journals Topsoil Seed Bank as Feeding Ground for Farmland Birds: A Comparative Assessment in Agricultural Habitats

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Voudouri ◽  
Evgenia Chaideftou ◽  
Athanassios Sfougaris
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Farmland Birds ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The topsoil seed bank was studied in four types of agricultural bird habitats: fields with cereals, maize, clover and tilled fields of a Mediterranean plain to determine the potentially richest habitat based on food supply for the wintering farmland birds. The diversity and abundance of topsoil seeds differed between seasons but did not differ significantly between habitats. The cereal habitat was the richest in food supply for the overwintering of farmland birds. The topsoil seed bank was dominated by Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare and Amaranthus retroflexus. The findings of this study provide insight for low-intensity management of higher-elevation mount agricultural areas of southern Mediterranean by preserving seed-rich habitats for farmland avifauna.

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