scholarly journals Consumption and production of herbs in Finland

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
Seija Hälvä
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Import ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Herbs And Spices

A study on the consumption and production of spice and medicinal herbs in Finland was carried out in 1983. There are approximately 150 commercial herb plant growers in Finland. Most of the farmers grow leafy herbs; only ten percent grow seed (botanically also fruit) spices e.g. caraway and mustard. The total cultivation area for leafy herbs is 30 hectares; for dill 14 and for parsley 12 hectares. Seed spices are grown on 130 hectares, most of this is devoted to mustard. Finland is almost self sufficient for fresh dill and parsley, but dry herbs are mostly imported. Self-sufficiency of caraway is 40 % and mustard 20 % while the other herbs and spices are also mostly imported. The total herb and spice import in 1982 was approximately 30 million Finnmarks, half of which was for the import of the so-called exotic spices. The total import of those herbs that could be cultivated in Finland was 17 million FIM. The most promising of these being mustard, garlic, chamomile, mints, dill and parsley.

La différence sexuelle chez les Grecs

1998 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Vigdis Songe-Møller
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Human Vulnerability ◽  
Greek Thought ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
European Thought ◽  
Platonic Tradition

I want to look at two contrasting ways of seeing the relation between the sexes within ancient Greek thought by dividing Greek thought into two main traditions: the Platonic tradition from Parmenides through Plato to Aristotle, and what one might call 'the tragic tradition' including thinkers such as Anaximander, Heraclitus, and Empedocles. The Platonic tradition is characterized by hierarchical thinking in which the norm is unity, harmony and self-sufficiency. In Plato, this turns out to be the norm also for human existence, with the result that there is no room in his philosophy for thinking of sexual difference and sexual reproduction. When, on the other hand, conflicts, discord, and human vulnerability towards misfortune and death are looked upon as the constitutive elements of life-as with the tragic poets-sexual difference also plays an important part. When human existence is treated as something radically different from divinity, the Greek thinkers-in this paper exemplified by Empedocles and the tragic poets-tend to look upon sexual difference as a constitutive element in human existence. For the philosophers in this tradition, all being is constituted by two oppositional elements which do not form a hierarchy but rather an inimical antagonism. Misogyny is perhaps as strong in this 'tragic' tradition as it is in the Platonic-Aristotelian one. However, even if the former tradition has at least provided some space for thinking of sexual difference, it has not been very influential in western, European thought.

Unicum: A Drink with a Past

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
carolyn báánfalvi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
Family Secret ◽  
History Of ◽  
Herbs And Spices

Unicum is a national institution in Hungary, and has a long history that in some ways mirrors the history of modern Hungary itself. The story of Unicum is the story of the Zwack family, who has owned the company since the end of the 18th century (except for the 40 year period when it was nationalized by the Communists). Dr. Zwack, a physician for the Imperial Court of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy, is credited with creating the drink to alleviate the royal family's digestion problems. But it didn't take long for the drink to take hold on the rest of the country. The Zwack family--headed by Peter Zwack--runs the company today--which also produces high-end palinka, wine, and other types of liquor. So, what is Unicum? It's a thick, black, goopy concoction, made from more than 40 herbs and spices. The exact composition is a carefully guarded family secret which was stored in a safe deposit box in New York during the Communist era. Part of the mixture is macerated for thirty days in water, while the other part is distilled. Then, in a process that has remained almost unchanged for more than 200 years, both are blended and aged in oak casks for six months.

Factor Analysis of Sex-Typed Items from the Bem Sex-Role Inventory: A Replication

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Collins ◽  
Carrie Wherry Waters ◽  
L. K. Waters
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Female College ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Affective Orientation

Based on the responses of 118 male and 79 female college students, a factor analysis of the 40 sex-typed items from the Bem Sex-role Inventory and sex of respondent yielded four factors which were almost identical to those reported by Waters, Waters, and Pincus (1977). One of the factors essentially represented the gender of the respondent. A second factor representing an expressive, affective orientation was defined by feminine sex-typed items. The other two factors were primarily defined by masculine sex-typed items. One stressed independence, self-sufficiency, and individuality while the other stressed leadership, aggressiveness, and forcefulness. These latter factors were interpreted in terms of an “agentic” orientation (Bakan, 1966) and an “instrumental” orientation (Parsons & Bales, 1955).

Kinetic Contours in Rotating Objects

Perception ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigemasa Sumi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Perceptual Completion ◽  
Kinetic Condition ◽  
Contour Function ◽  
Rotating Arc ◽  
Rotating Objects

Kinetic contours seen in rotating objects provide evidence about contour function in a kinetic condition. It was observed that (i) when an object with an arc-shaped edge in its outline is rotated, a kinetic contour arises from the rotating arc and bounds a ‘figure’; (ii) the kinetic contour not only protects the enclosed area of this figure from the destruction caused by motion, but also interrupts the continuity of the surroundings; (iii) kinetic contours are generally perceived to be organized into discs which appear as amodally completed forms in such a way that one object is hidden behind the other. The fact that oval or outline figures rarely produce kinetic contours is assumed to be due to figural self-sufficiency, which does not require perceptual completion through motion.

scholarly journals Młodzież i młodzi dorośli wobec kryzysu indywidualnego – potrzeba wsparcia społecznego w rozwoju psychicznej niezależności (i dojrzałej tożsamości)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248
Author(s):  
Jolanta Suchodolska
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
The One

The study refers to the problem of the presence of the crisis in psychosocial development of young people – adolescents and young adults. Both the youth and young adults go through numerous, naturally present in human development, moments of increased tension resulting from the appetite for independence and self-sufficiency. This seems to be a common feature for both groups; both adolescents and young adults experience the burden due to overlapping obligations and commitments made to oneself and to the world and which comes from the specific social roles they assume as well as the development – related tasks they perform. The challenges are taken up to find self-fulfillment in numerous new roles, to achieve ambitions of everyday life as well as the future ones. Not surprisingly, in this period a man is believed to be, on the one hand, exposed to the experience of crisis (relating to the search for oneself and one’s own place in life, in social relationships and professional life) and, on the other hand, a young adult most intensely makes its network of social support for further years. In the study, the author refers to the research in which young adults confirm the presence of the crises in their lives. They identify and name these crisis situations and formulate their expectations of the sources and forms of support in the crisis.

scholarly journals The Motive of Individualism in Religion

1914 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-496
Author(s):  
Warner Fite
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Presence Of God ◽  
Personal Relation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Spiritual Self ◽  
Love Of God ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Universe

These passages, which I have printed elsewhere, I venture to reproduce on the ground that they state, if somewhat baldly, not indeed all that is important for an individualistic philosophy, but what is most distinctive and necessary. And thus they enable us to see the full dimensions of the question which I shall endeavor to answer, namely, whether the spirit of a free man is compatible with that reverence for the universe and desire for unity with the universe, conceived always as a personal universe—or, more concretely, with that worship and love of God—which I shall assume to be implied in any genuine religion. I need hardly say that the usual answer to the question would be negative. Those who stand firmly enough for the right of self-assertion in the presence of our fellows would be likely either to deny the authority of religion or at any rate to hold that self-assertion has properly no place there. And traditional Christianity, while teaching the doctrine of a personal relation to a personal God and, in the doctrine of personal immortality, affirming, almost distinctively, the worth of the individual soul, treats this worth, hardly as a right, but as a gift, and holds that though a man may stand upright in the presence of his fellows, in the presence of God his attitude must be one of self-abnegation and self-effacement—of submission. On the other hand, in Mr. Bertrand Russell's essay, A Free Man's Worship, in which I should say that the motif of the “free man” is rendered for the most part admirably, it seems to be implied that a free man's religion is necessarily a religion of self-sufficiency. This states my question: Does the individualistic motive imply a spiritual self-sufficiency?

FUTURE FINANCING AND OWNERSHIP OF THE AUSTRALIAN PETROLEUM EXPLORATION INDUSTRY

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
A. E. Ranson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
The Other ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
Cumulative Deficit ◽  
Industrialised Countries

The cumulative deficit between Australia's petroleum requirements of the 30 years to the end of the century and projected domestic production has been estimated at 14.25 billion barrels.Oil exploration in Australia to 31 December 1971 cost $725 million and resulted in the discovery of 2.1 billion barrels of oil and 14.1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. If this expenditure to discovery ratio is maintained we will need to spend a further $3,485 million on exploration to maintain only 70% self sufficiency in crude supplies.The alternatives to supplying a high proportion of demand from local production are frightening. The foreign exchange required to purchase the presently projected shortfall in 1984/85 at what we consider will be conservative prices is almost half Australia's record foreign exchange holdings at 30 June 1972. Further, by that time we will be competing with the other industrialised countries of the world for an increasingly scarce commodity.The major means of encouraging the expenditure of exploration moneys is to create a climate in which successful explorers are adequately rewarded. The unique position of indigenous crude prices must be corrected and gas sales encouraged. To maintain a meaningful Australian interest in the future finds local investors must be given suitable incentives to risk the necessary exploration funds.

Pesticides and mycotoxins evaluation in medicinal herbs and spices from EU and non-EU countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Katia Russo ◽  
Dario Lucchetti ◽  
Daniela Triolone ◽  
Paolo Di Giustino ◽  
Marta Mancuso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Herbs And Spices

scholarly journals Nation-Based Occurrence and Endogenous Biological Reduction of Mycotoxins in Medicinal Herbs and Spices

Toxins ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4111-4130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee Do ◽  
Tae An ◽  
Sang-Keun Oh ◽  
Yuseok Moon
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Biological Reduction ◽  
Herbs And Spices

INCOME POTENTIAL OF RURAL COMMUNES OF WIELKOPOLSKA PROVINCE IN 2005-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn ◽  
Feliks Wysocki ◽  
Agata Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Per Capita

The aim of the study was to assess the income potential of rural communes and to compare it to other administrative types in Wielkopolska province in 2005-2016, with particular emphasis on the Metropolitan Area of Poznań (POM). The research drew on data from the Central Statistical Office (Local Data Bank) and found income potential of rural communes of the province to be the lowest of all types of communes, with low values of own income per capita and financial self-sufficiency index. On the other hand, POM rural communes had higher own income potential compared to rural communes outside of POM or to other types of communes inside POM. The analyzed period saw increased shares of PIT revenues in the budgets of rural and urban-rural communes, which by 2016 were the most important source of own income in all groups of surveyed communes.

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