scholarly journals Effects of primary growth compared to regrowth grass silage on feed intake, growth performance and carcass traits of growing bulls

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen ◽  
Sari Rämö ◽  
Maiju Pesonen
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Vitamin Mixture

The objective was to study the effects of primary growth vs. regrowth grass silage on intake, growth and carcass traits of growing bulls. In a feeding experiment, 30 bulls were offered a total mixed ration ad libitum. Two dietary treatments included either first or second cut grass silage (550 g kg-1 dry matter) supplemented with rolled barley (435 g kg-1 dry matter) and a mineral-vitamin mixture (15 g kg-1 dry matter). Feed and energy intake as well as the live weight gain of the bulls decreased when the second cut silage was used instead of the first cut silage. No differences in carcass conformation or carcass fat score between the treatments were observed. Analysed chemical, digestibility or fermentation parameters of the silage samples did not explain the differences in feed intake. However, some second cut silage samples were found to contain mycotoxins (zearalenone, roquefortine C, mycophenolic acid and HT-2), but it is difficult to estimate whether this was the factor that affected feed intake in the present study.

scholarly journals A comparison of first-, second- and third-cut timothy silages in the diets of finishing beef bulls

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen ◽  
Maiju Pesonen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Vitamin Mixture

The objective of the present experiment was to study the effects of the third-cut grass silage compared with the first- and second-cut silages on intake, performance and carcass characteristics of finishing bulls. A feeding experiment comprised 45 Simmental bulls which were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. The three dietary treatments included either first-, second- or third-cut grass silage (550 g kg-1 dry matter), rolled barley (435 g kg-1 dry matter) and a mineral-vitamin mixture (15 g kg-1 dry matter). Dry matter and energy intakes and growth rates of the bulls increased when either first- or third-cut silages were used instead of the second-cut silage. This was probably due to differences in digestibility, which was the lowest in the second-cut silage. There were no differences in intake or growth between the first- and third-cut silage-based rations. No significant differences in carcass traits among the feeding treatments were observed.

scholarly journals Intake, gain and carcass traits of Hereford and Charolais bulls offered diets based on triticale, barley and grass silages

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen ◽  
Seija Jaakkola ◽  
Katariina Manni
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Barley Silage

Total mixed rations (TMR) based on grass silage (GS), triticale silage (TS), mixture of GS and TS, barley silage (BS) and mixture of GS and BS were fed to fifty Hereford (HF) and fifty Charolais (CH) bulls. The proportion (g kg-1 dry matter [DM]) of the silages in the TMRs were as follows: (1) GS (600); (2) TS (600); (3) GS (300) and TS (300); (4) BS (600); (5) GS (300) and BS (300). Concentrate proportion was 400 g kg-1 DM. According to feed analyses, the GS had 15 and 8% higher metabolizable energy (ME) concentration as well as 51 and 49% higher crude protein (CP) concentration compared to TS and BS, respectively. Average DM intake (DMI) on TS and BS containing diets was higher compared to GS as a sole forage (p=0.001). Compared to the TS based rations the use of BS rations increased daily DMI by 5% (p<0.05). In CH bulls, DMI decreased 0.8 kg d-1when GS partially replaced TS or BS while in HF bulls the use of silage mixtures slightly increased DMI (0.23 kg d-1). The live weight gain (LWG) and carcass gain of the CH bulls were 5 and 26% higher, respectively, compared to the HF bulls. Inclusion of GS in the diet increased LWG and carcass gain with TS but decreased them with BS (interaction p<0.01). The experiment demonstrated lower feeding value of TS compared to BS in the diet of the bulls. Whole crop silage based rations increased DMI compared to GS as a sole forage in the TMR. When GS partially replaced TS or BS, interactions in LWG and carcass gain results demonstrated higher feeding value for BS and lower for TS compared to GS. Feeding treatments had only minor effects on carcass traits of the bulls.

Protein, lysine and feed intake level effects on pig growth

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Blair ◽  
J. B. Dent ◽  
P. R. English ◽  
J. R. Raeburn
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Standard Manner ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Dietary Treatments

SummaryA total of 512 pigs were given from 50 lb live weight one of 16 diets (four lysine levels at each of 12, 14, 16 and 18% protein), at one of four levels of intake. They were killed at 100, 150, 200 or 250 lb live weight and the carcasses jointed in a standard manner and right sides dissected into lean meat, fat, skin and bone.Mean percentage proportion of shoulder, middle and ham joints in the dressed sides at the four weights was 36·3, 36·4 and 27·3; 35·4, 37·9 and 26·7; 34·5, 39·6 and 25·9; and 33·8, 40·7 and 25·5, respectively. Mean percentage lean meat at the four live weights was 61·5, 59·9, 56·7 and 54·2 and the mean percentage fat was 20·7, 24·4, 29·4 and 32·8.Carcass quality was influenced significantly by dietary treatment and sex. Increasing the level of protein in the diet up to 16, 16, 14–16 and 14%, respectively, for the four live weight groups gave a significant increase in carcass leanness. Increasing the level of lysine in the diet did not have a very marked effect on carcass composition, while increasing feed intake to the highest level produced fatter carcasses at all weights. Carcasses of males were fatter and with a lower proportion of ham than those of females. Interactions involving dietary treatments and sex were described.Chemical composition of the m. longissimus dorsi was not altered markedly by dietary treatment or sex but dry matter and intramuscular fat content rose with increasing weight. Protein content of the dry matter remained fairly constant at all weights, while colour and shear value rose with increasing weight but were not significantly influenced by dietary treatment or sex.The pH values of the m. multifidus dorsi just after slaughter or on the day following were not markedly affected by dietary treatment, sex or weight.

scholarly journals Barley fibre and wet distillers’ solubles in the diet of growing cattle

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarja Root ◽  
Pekka Huhtanen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Balance ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Energy Supplements ◽  
By Products

Twenty-eight bulls were used in a 3 x 2 factorial design to study the effects of two by-products from the integrated starch-ethanol process, barley fibre and distillers’ solubles, as supplements for grass silage. The animals were divided into five blocks and slaughtered when the average live weight (LW) of each block reached 500 kg. The three energy supplements were barley (B), a mixture (1:1 on a dry matter (DM) basis) of barley and barley fibre (BF), and barley fibre (F), fed without (DS-) or with (DS+) wet distillers’ solubles (200 g kg-1 concentrate on DM basis). Concentrates were given at the rate of 95 g DM kg-1 LW0.6. Including barley fibre in the diet did not affect feed intake, but distillers’ solubles tended to increase both silage and total DM intakes as well as amino acids absorbed in the intestine and energy intake. The protein balance in the rumen increased with the inclusion of barley fibre (P

scholarly journals Feed Intake and Live Weight Gain of Hereford Bulls Offered Diets Based on Whole-Crop Barley and Whole-Crop Wheat Silages Relative to Moderately Digestible Grass Silage with or without Protein Supplementation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1123-1134
Author(s):  
Arto Huuskonen ◽  
Maiju Pesonen ◽  
Erkki Joki-Tokola
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractThe present experiment was conducted to study the performance of Hereford bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley (WCB) and whole-crop wheat (WCW) silages relative to a moderately digestible grass silage (GS)-based diet with or without rapeseed meal (RSM) supplementation. The experiment comprised 30 bulls and a 3×2 factorial design was used. The bulls were offered silages ad libitum. In all forage diets (WCB, WCW, GS) the concentrate used was either rolled barley alone or rolled barley plus RSM. The amount of the concentrate supplementation was 37 g/metabolic live weight/animal/day for all treatments. The crude protein (CP) content of barley was 126 g/kg dry matter (DM) and the CP content of the concentrate increased 23% with RSM supplementation. Average live weight gains (LWG) for the GS, WCB and WCW feedings were 1411, 1331 and 1181 g/d, respectively. Differences in diet digestibility and energy intake probably explain the differences in LWG among the forage types. RSM supplementation increased both silage and total DM intake in the WCB and WCW feedings but not in the GS feeding. Furthermore, RSM supplementation increased LWG 7 and 17% in the WCB and WCW feedings, respectively, but only 2% in the GS feeding.

The Use of Chromic Oxide in the Measurement of Individual Feed Intake in Cattle Fed on Silage and Barley

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Wilkinson ◽  
J. H. D. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Mean Concentration

SUMMARY1. Three experiments are reported in which chromic oxide, administered as a component of shredded paper at 09·00 and 16·30 hr daily, was used in the estimation of the faecal output of steers fed on silage and barley.2. Four Friesian steers of 160 kg live weight were used in experiment 1. They were fed on grass silage ad libitum with controlled allowances of concentrate supplement. ‘Absolute’ recovery of Cr2O3 in total collections was 85–91%, though it was apparent that some faeces may have been lost from the total collections. ‘Relative’ recovery in grab samples was 97%.3. Diurnal variation in Cr2O3 excretion was investigated in experiment 2 with four yearling Friesian steers. Faeces were sampled in three 24-hr periods at each natural defaecation. A significant and consistent diurnal variation was observed, with the lowest concentration of Cr2O3 occurring during the night. Concurrent grab samples taken at 09.15 and 17.00 hr over four days gave estimates of cr2O3 in the faeces which were 16·27% higher than the mean concentration for the three 24-hr sampling periods.4. Day-to-day variation in the Cr2O3 content of grab samples was examined in experiment 3 with eight yearling Friesian steers. Four steers received 3·63 kg/head per day of barley supplement and four received 1·81 kg. Both groups were offered silage of 25% dry matter ad libitum. Faeces were sampled per rectum twice daily at 09.15 and 17.00 hr over four-day sampling periods. The degree of day-to-day variation was small and tended to be random.

scholarly journals Milk production and concentrations of blood metabolites as influenced by the level of wet distiller’s solubles in dairy cows receiving grass silage-based diet

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Harri Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Twelve Finnish Ayrshire cows were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 4-week experimental periods to study the effects of replacing increasing amount of barley with wet distiller’s solubles (WDS) on feed intake, milk production, digestibility and blood constituents. The four dietary treatments consisted of grass silage ad libitum and 7.8 kg dry matter (DM)/d of barley, of which 0 (WDSO), 1 (WDS1), 2 (WDS2) and 3 kg DM/d (WDS3) was replaced with WDS. Mainly because of a greater intake of concentrate with WDS containing diets silage DM intake varied quadratically (P

scholarly journals Impact of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance, feed intake, and carcass traits of finishing steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1162-1172
Author(s):  
Tassilo Brand ◽  
Martin Hünerberg ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Maolong He ◽  
Atef M Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Finishing Steers

Abstact: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a phytogenic feed additive (Digestarom [DA]; Biomin, Getzersdorf, Austria) on growth performance, feed intake, carcass traits, fatty acid composition, and liver abscesses of finishing steers. One hundred twenty Angus × Charolais crossbred steers (488 ± 26.5 kg) were used in a 110-d feeding experiment. Steers were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to 12 pens with 10 steers per pen. Each pen was allocated to one of three diets. Each diet contained 86.5% barley, 10.0% barley silage, and 3.5% vitamin and mineral supplement on a dry matter (DM) basis. The diets contained 0, 0.05, and 0.1 g DA/kg complete diet (DM basis), to achieve average daily DA intakes of 0 (control), 0.5 (LowDA), and 1.0 g (HighDA) per steer. Diets were prepared once daily and provided ad libitum. Two pens per treatment were equipped to record individual feed intake behavior. Steers were weighed every 28 d and carcass traits and liver scores were recorded at slaughter. Dry matter intake (average: 9.34 kg/d) did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) among diets. Average daily gain tended to increase linearly as DA increased (control: 1.82; LowDA: 1.87; and HighDA: 1.95 kg/d; P &lt; 0.09), but gain:feed ratio was not affected. Supplementation of DA affected longissimus muscle area quadratically (P = 0.05) with the largest area observed for LowDA. However, dressing percentage decreased linearly in response to increasing level of DA (P &lt; 0.01). Total abscessed livers were not affected, whereas proportion of severe liver abscesses was numerically lower with DA (30.8% and 42.5% for LowDA and HighDA) compared to the control (50%).

Effects of genotype and dietary forage to concentrate ratio during the finishing period on carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs from hill sheep systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. CARSON ◽  
B. W. MOSS ◽  
L. E. R. DAWSON ◽  
D. J. KILPATRICK
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Classification Score ◽  
Forage:Concentrate Ratio ◽  
Matter Basis

The study investigated the effects of lamb genotype produced from hill flocks on feed efficiency, carcass characteristics and meat quality in animals finished on either a high forage:concentrate ratio diet (HFC) or a low forage:concentrate ratio diet (LFC). Purebred Scottish Blackface (BXB) lambs were compared with Blue-Faced Leicester×Scottish Blackface (BLXB) and Texel×Scottish Blackface (TXB) lambs. Purebred Cheviot (CXC), Suffolk×Cheviot (SXC) and Texel×Cheviot (TXC) lambs were also investigated. Lambs on the LFC diet were offered grass silage and concentrates mixed in the proportion of 0·80 silage and 0·20 concentrates on a dry matter basis. The LFC diet consisted of 0·20 grass silage and 0·80 concentrates on a dry matter basis. Representative lambs were slaughtered at the start of the experiment and on reaching 38 and 46 kg live weight. Averaged over the two slaughter weights, within the Blackface cross lambs, BXB had a lower liveweight gain (P < 0·01) than either BLXB or TXB (138, 207 and 203 (S.E. 11·1) g/day, respectively). Within the Cheviot cross lambs, CXC had a lower liveweight gain (P < 0·05) than SXC (188 v. 220 (S.E. 11·1) g/day), while SXC and TXC (204 g/day) had similar liveweight gains. Lambs on the LFC diet had a higher dressing proportion (P < 0·001) compared with lambs finished on the HFC diet (0·466 v. 0·434 (S.E. 0·0018) kg carcass per kg live weight). Averaged over the two slaughter weights BXB lambs had a lower (P < 0·05) dressing proportion than the other genotypes. Carcass conformation classification (assessed on a five-point scale) was higher (P < 0·001) in lambs finished on the LFC diet (3·0 v. 2·4 (S.E. 0·04)). Conformation classification was higher in lambs produced from Cheviot compared with Blackface ewes (P < 0·05). Within the Blackface cross lambs, BXB and BLXB lambs had a lower conformation classification (P < 0·001) than TXB lambs (2·4, 2·4 and 2·9 (S.E. 0·08) respectively). Within the Cheviot ewes, TXC lambs had a higher (P < 0·001) classification than either CXC or SXC (3·1, 2·7 and 2·7 (S.E. 0·08) respectively). Lambs finished on the LFC diet had a higher fat classification score compared with lambs on the HFC diet (P < 0·001) (3·4 v. 2·8 (S.E. 0·04)). Fat classification was similar across all genotypes. Lambs finished on the LFC diet had a lower ash content in the carcass than lambs finished on a HFC diet (P < 0·01) (44 v. 47 (S.E. 0·8) g/kg). Lamb genotype and dietary forage:concentrate ratio had no significant effect on cooking loss, sarcomere length, Warner–Bratzler shear force and L* values. Ultimate pH (pHU) was not influenced by dietary forage:concentrate ratio, but was significantly (P < 0·01) higher in BXB lambs compared with BLXB, TXB, CXC and TXC lambs. Lambs offered the LFC diet during the finishing period had significantly higher values for a* (P < 0·05), b* (P < 0·001), C* (P < 0·001) and H0 (P < 0·05) than lambs offered a HFC diet. Of these parameters only b* was significantly affected by lamb genotype, with BXB lambs having a lower value (P < 0·05) than the other genotypes.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary Black pepper (Piper nigrum) on the performance of broiler

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
EK Ndelekwute ◽  
KD Afolabi ◽  
HO Uzegbu ◽  
UL Unah ◽  
KU Amaefule
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Dietary Treatments

An experiment was conducted to determine the dietary effect of different levels of ground black pepper (Piper nigrum) on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. There were five dietary treatments each containing 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 % black pepper (BP) fed at both starter and finisher phases. One hundred and fifty (150) day old chicks of Arbor-acre strain were divided into five dietary groups having three replication with 10 in each. The five dietary treatments were randomly assigned into five groups. The birds were fed and watered ad libitum. At the starter phase 0.25 and 0.5 % BP improved live weight significantly (p<0.05). Feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) reduced at 1.00% BP. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in daily gain, feed: gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio. At the finisher phase, final live weight was improved by 0.25% (p<0.05). Final live weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed: gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio were negatively affected by 0.75 and 1.0%BP. Fecal moisture was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by 0.25% while dry matter, protein and ether extract digestibility were improved by all the levels of BP. None of the BP levels improved crude fibre digestibility (p>0.05) over the control. NFE and energy utilization were improved by 0.25 and 0.5%, but significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 1.00% BP.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44(2): 120-127

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