scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Species in Catheterized Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Ushie ◽  
K. S. Oyedeji ◽  
G. I. Ogban ◽  
D. E. Ushie ◽  
F. O. Nwaokorie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Urethral Catheterization ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Irrational antibiotics use has added to the escalation of antibiotics resistance, especially among hospitalized patients on prolonged urethral catheterization, a significant risk factor for urinary tract infection and urosepsis. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases are transferable plasmid-mediated resistance mechanism orchestrated majorly by Enterobacteriaceae, which confer resistance to β- lactam antibiotics and other classes of antibiotics. This work was aimed at determining the molecular characteristics of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp involved in urinary tract infections among patients on prolonged urethral catheterization in two major tertiary hospitals in Lagos. One hundred and one samples were collected from participants in Lagos University Teaching Hospital and 68 Army Reference Hospital Yaba, between November 2015 and May 2016. The mean age of the participants was 49.04± 8.8years. Single, non -repeat aseptically aspirated urine specimens from the catheter ports were obtained from consenting participants and processed immediately. Bacterial species were isolated and characterized by conventional methods. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was done using a modified Kirby Bauer method. Further analysis was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction amplification aimed to detect bla SHV, bla TEM, and bla CTX-M resistance genes.  Isolates were considered significant if there were up to 104 CFU/ml in symptomatic participants and ≥105 CFU/ml in asymptomatic participants with analyzed. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 (Inc., Chicago 111). Forty (39.6 %) males and 61 (60.4 %) female participants’ catheter urines were sampled, with male to female ratio of 1:1.5. Fifty-nine (58.4%) out of 101 samples had significant growth, while 32 (54.2%) of these were lactose fermenters.  Of the 32 lactose fermenters, 26 were identified as E. coli and Klebsiella spp, while 23 (88.5%) of these 26 (identified as E. coli and Klebsiella spp) were ESBL producers carrying ESBL gene(s) and revealed various degrees of antibiotics resistance. We conclude by discussing the epidemiological importance of improving the infection control practices and antibiotics stewardship program as central dogma to controlling antibiotics resistance in hospitals.

scholarly journals Prevalence Of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs)-Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated From UTI Patients Attending some Selected Hospitals In Minna, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-73
Author(s):  
F Iseghohi ◽  
J.C Igwe ◽  
M Galadima ◽  
A.F Kuta ◽  
A.M Abdullahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Tract Infections

Globally, urinary tract infections are one of the most common infections in need of urgent clinical attention. The prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)- producing Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples of some UTI patients and s of apparently healthy individuals in Minna, Nigeria, is investigated. Standard microbiological techniques were used to conduct this study. A total of 170 catch midstream urine samples submitted to the Medical Microbiology Laboratories of 4 different hospitals (and samples from healthy individuals) were randomly collected for 5 months and examined for microbial growths. Female patients (65.9%) submitted more urine samples for UTI test than their male counterpart (34.1%). The age ranges of 21 -30 (26.5%) and 31 - 40 (25.3%) had the highest percentages of infection rate while those within the ages 1- 10 (3.5%) and ≥ 71 (2.3%) were the least infected. This study observed a prevalence of 23.5% of E. coli in Minna metropolis and a significant number (30%) of healthy individuals (HI) was observed to harbor the E. coli in their urine. The isolates were highly susceptible to Gentamicin (65%), Ofloxacin (65%), Tetracycline (62.5%), Cotrimoxazole (62.5%), and Streptomycin (57.5%). Mildly susceptible to Pefloxacin (37.5%), Chloramphenicol (37.5%), and Ciprofloxacin (35%). There were significant resistance to most of the beta-lactames tested [Cefuroxime (80%), Amoxicillin (42.5%), Augmentin (40), Cefotaxime (20%) and Ceftaxidime (7.5%)]. Two of the isolates were resistant to all the 13 antibiotics tested; 70% (28) of the isolates had multiple antibiotics resistance index (MARI) ≥0.3. Multidrug resistance was expressed in 37.5% of the isolates tested. The study showed a vast resistant pool in the environment. Only 25% of the E. coli isolated from the urine samples produced beta-lactamases phenotypically, most of which expressed resistance to more than 5 of the antibiotics tested and had MARI of ≥ 0.5. Further evaluation showed that 25% (10/40) of the E. coli isolated from the UTI patients in Minna, Nigeria, were ESBL- producers and could harbor one or two of the genes. TEM gene was expressed in 70% (7) of the isolates that produced ESBL phenotypically, 60% 6) harbored CTXM gene, 20% (2) had the OXA gene while none of the bacteria harbored the SHV gene. The study established a 5.9% ESBL prevalence among the E. coli isolated from UTI in the environment studied. This study established that E. coli is one of the prevalent bacteri urea majorly isolated from UTI patients in Minna. The prevalent E. coli are multidrug resistant and could harbor more than one ESBL gene . keywords: Escherichia coli, Minna, UTI, ESBL, Multidrug resistance

scholarly journals Relative Fecal Abundance of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strains and Their Occurrence in Urinary Tract Infections in Women

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 4512-4517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Ruppé ◽  
Brandusa Lixandru ◽  
Radu Cojocaru ◽  
Çağrı Büke ◽  
Elisabeth Paramythiotou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTExtended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producingEscherichia coli(ESBLE. coli) strains are of major concern because few antibiotics remain active against these bacteria. We investigated the association between the fecal relative abundance (RA) of ESBL-producingE. coli(ESBL-RA) and the occurrence of ESBLE. coliurinary tract infections (UTIs). The first stool samples passed after suspicion of UTI from 310 women with subsequently confirmedE. coliUTIs were sampled and tested for ESBL-RA by culture on selective agar. Predictive values of ESBL-RA for ESBLE. coliUTI were analyzed for women who were not exposed to antibiotics when the stool was passed. ESBLE. coliisolates were characterized for ESBL type, phylogroup, relatedness, and virulence factors. The prevalence of ESBLE. colifecal carriage was 20.3%, with ESBLE. coliUTIs being present in 12.3% of the women. The mean ESBL-RA (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 13-fold higher in women exposed to antibiotics at the time of sampling than in those not exposed (14.3% [range, 5.6% to 36.9%] versus 1.1% [range, 0.32% to 3.6%], respectively;P< 0.001) and 18-fold higher in women with ESBLE. coliUTI than in those with anotherE. coliUTI (10.0% [range, 0.54% to 100%] versus 0.56% [range, 0.15% to 2.1%[, respectively;P< 0.05). An ESBL-RA of <0.1% was 100% predictive of a non-ESBLE. coliUTI. ESBL type, phylogroup, relatedness, and virulence factors were not found to be associated with ESBL-RA. In conclusion, ESBL-RA was linked to the occurrence of ESBLE. coliUTI in women who were not exposed to antibiotics and who had the same clone ofE. coliin urine samples and fecal samples. Especially, a low ESBL-RA appeared to be associated with a low risk of ESBLE. coliinfection.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli from community-acquired urinary tract infections resistant to fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum beta-lactams

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Kariuki ◽  
Gunturu Revathi ◽  
John Corkill ◽  
John Kiiru ◽  
Joyce Mwituria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli are increasingly becoming resistant to flouroquinolones and to other commonly available antimicrobials. We sought to investigate the genetic basis for fluoroquinolone and extended spectrum beta-lactam (ESBL) resistance in 17 fluoroquinolone-resistant (MIC of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin >32 μg/ml) E. coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods: We applied PCR and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) to characterize resistance genes and to determine clonal relatedness of strains, respectively. Results: Twelve of the 17 E. coli were resistant to multiple drugs, including ampicillin, co-amoxyclav, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and gentamicin and nalidixic acid and produced plasmid-mediated CTX-M-15 type ESBLs and CMY-2 AmpC type enzymes. The other 5 E. coli that were non-ESBL-producing were multiply resistant to ampicillin, nitrofurantoin, cefoxitin, nalidixic acid. Resistance to fluoroquinolones resulted from a combination of the presence of qnrA, qnrB, ciprofloxacin acetylating enzyme designated aac(6’)-1b-cr, and mutations in the two amino acid substitutions; 83 Serine (TCG) to Leucine (TTG) and 87 Aspartic acid (GAC) to Asparagine (AAC). Conclusion: Antibiogram patterns and PFGE of E. coli showed that these were community acquired UTI caused by pockets of clonally-related and some discreet strain types. Plasmid-mediated CTX-M-15 beta-lactamases and CMY-2 AmpC enzymes and fluoroquinolone resistant E. coli are becoming increasingly prevalent in hospitals in Kenya, posing a major challenge in the management of UTIs.

scholarly journals Outbreak of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli in a nursing home in Ireland, May 2006

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Pelly ◽  
D Morris ◽  
E O’Connell ◽  
B Hanahoe ◽  
C Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

In May 2006, a consultant microbiologist noted two isolates of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli associated with urinary tract infections in a single week in two residents in a nursing home in Ireland

scholarly journals Multiresistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from a Region in India Where Urinary Tract Infections Are Endemic: Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics of Sequence Type 131 Isolates of the CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Lineage

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 6358-6365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Hussain ◽  
Christa Ewers ◽  
Nishant Nandanwar ◽  
Sebastian Guenther ◽  
Savita Jadhav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTEscherichia colisequence type 131 (O25b:H4), associated with the CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and linked predominantly to the community-onset antimicrobial-resistant infections, has globally emerged as a public health concern. However, scant attention is given to the understanding of the molecular epidemiology of these strains in high-burden countries such as India. Of the 100 clinicalE. coliisolates obtained by us from a setting where urinary tract infections are endemic, 16 ST131E. coliisolates were identified by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Further, genotyping and phenotyping methods were employed to characterize their virulence and drug resistance patterns. All the 16 ST131 isolates harbored the CTX-M-15 gene, and half of them also carried TEM-1; 11 of these were positive forblaOXAgroups 1 and 12 foraac(6′)-Ib-cr. At least 12 isolates were refractory to four non-beta-lactam antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline. Nine isolates carried the class 1 integron. Plasmid analysis indicated a large pool of up to six plasmids per strain with a mean of approximately three plasmids. Conjugation and PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) revealed that the spread of resistance was associated with the FIA incompatibility group of plasmids. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and genotyping of the virulence genes showed a low level of diversity among these strains. The association of ESBL-encoding plasmid with virulence was demonstrated in transconjugants by serum assay. None of the 16 ST131 ESBL-producingE. colistrains were known to synthesize carbapenemase enzymes. In conclusion, our study reports a snapshot of the highly virulent/multiresistant clone ST131 of uropathogenicE. colifrom India. This study suggests that the ST131 genotypes from this region are clonally evolved and are strongly associated with the CTX-M-15 enzyme, carry a high antibiotic resistance background, and have emerged as an important cause of community-acquired urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals In Vitro Efficacy of Flomoxef against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Associated with Urinary Tract Infections in Malaysia

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Soo Tein Ngoi ◽  
Cindy Shuan Ju Teh ◽  
Chun Wie Chong ◽  
Kartini Abdul Jabar ◽  
Shiang Chiet Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Esbl Producers

The increasing prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae has greatly affected the clinical efficacy of β-lactam antibiotics in the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The limited treatment options have resulted in the increased use of carbapenem. However, flomoxef could be a potential carbapenem-sparing strategy for UTIs caused by ESBL-producers. Here, we compared the in vitro susceptibility of UTI-associated ESBL-producers to flomoxef and established β-lactam antibiotics. Fifty Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from urine samples were subjected to broth microdilution assay, and the presence of ESBL genes was detected by polymerase chain reactions. High rates of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (76–80%), ticarcillin-clavulanate (58–76%), and piperacillin-tazobactam (48–50%) were observed, indicated by high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (32 µg/mL to 128 µg/mL) for both species. The ESBL genes blaCTX-M and blaTEM were detected in both E. coli (58% and 54%, respectively) and K. pneumoniae (88% and 74%, respectively), whereas blaSHV was found only in K. pneumoniae (94%). Carbapenems remained as the most effective antibiotics against ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae associated with UTIs, followed by flomoxef and cephamycins. In conclusion, flomoxef may be a potential alternative to carbapenem for UTIs caused by ESBL-producers in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Outcomes for Community-Acquired Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in Children Treated With Empiric Noncarbapenem Antibiotic Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s338-s339
Author(s):  
Jenna Holmen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Clinical Failure ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Underlying Medical Condition

Background: Empiric therapy with a cephalosporin antibiotic is the current standard of care for children with urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, as the rate of UTI due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing organisms rises, there is concern that treatment failures may increase. Carbapenems are the most reliable antimicrobials for treating ESBL organisms, but empiric coverage with carbapenems necessitates hospitalization for intravenous therapy. Objective: We evaluated whether empiric noncarbapenem therapy in patients with ESBL Escherichia coli UTI is associated with poorer outcomes. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of patients with UTIs treated with empiric penicillin- or cephalosporin-based antibiotics from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018. We compared outcomes in cases with ESBL E. coli UTI with age-matched controls with a cephalosporin-susceptible E. coli UTI. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds of clinical failure (persistent symptoms and/or fever) at 48–72 hours. We further evaluated the odds of hospitalization and UTI recurrence between groups. Results: Of the 228 enrolled patients, 51 were cases and 177 controls. Cases were more likely to have underlying medical conditions (45% vs 21%). The odd ratio of clinical failure at 48–72 hours after initiation for cases compared to controls was 4.83 (95% CI, 0.94–24.92; P = .06). These odds were was not influenced by age, presence of an underlying medical condition, or fever. The overall adjusted odd ratio of hospitalization for cases compared to controls was 12.09 (95% CI, 0.995–4.38, P = .052). Most patients admitted at presentation had an underlying medical condition (30 of 64, 47%) and/or fever (54 of 64, 84%). Among 30 cases initially managed as outpatients, only 2 (7%) were later admitted due to clinical failure. There was no difference in the likelihood of UTI recurrence within 60 days for the 2 groups (adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.47–3.78; P = .58). Conclusions: At 48–72 hours, there was no significant difference in the odds of clinical failure for patients with ESBL E. coli UTI compared to patients with non-ESBL E. coli UTI receiving empiric noncarbapenem therapy. Although we detected a trend toward a higher odds of hospitalization among cases, this result was largely due to a higher clinical complexity among cases at baseline. Only 2 cases required admission for failure of outpatient therapy. There was no increased risk of UTI recurrence among cases. This study suggests that initial discordant antibiotic therapy may not increase the risk of a poor outcome in children with ESBL E. coli UTI.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Identification phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm formation in Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections and their antibiotics resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnaz Davari Abad ◽  
Amin Khameneh ◽  
Leila Vahedi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Resistance Rates

Abstract Objective Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infectious diseases, and Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen isolated from patients with UTIs. The products of sfa, afa and foc genes are important for binding of the bacterium to urinary tract epithelium. Our aim was to investigate these genes in E. colis isolated from patients with UTIS. The frequencies of the genes were determined using PCR. Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance rates were determined using microtiter plate and disk diffusion methods, respectively. The P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The frequencies of sfa, afa and foc were 75.3%, 17.5% and 22.5%, respectively showing a significantly higher prevalence of the sfa gene. The most effective antibiotics against the E. colis were nitrofurantoin and amikacin. The highest microbial resistance rates were also observed against amoxicillin and ampicillin. Furthermore, 12.7%, 6.3%, 74.7% and 6.3% of the isolates showed strong, moderate, weak capacities and no connections to form biofilms, respectively. The expression of the sfa gene was significantly associated with forming strong biofilms. Regarding the variabilities in the characteristics of E. coli strains associated with UTIs, it seems reasonable to adjust diagnostic and therapeutic methods according to the regional microbial characteristics.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in Escherichia coli Strains Collected From Strictly Defined Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Adults in China: A Multicenter Prospective Clinical Microbiological and Molecular Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiyao Jia ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Timothy Kudinha ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tract Infections

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positive rates of Escherichia coli from community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) in Chinese hospitals.Materials and MethodsA total of 809 E. coli isolates from CA-UTIs in 10 hospitals (5 tertiary and 5 secondary hospitals) from different regions in China were collected during the period 2016–2017 according to the strict inclusion criteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by standard broth microdilution method. Isolates were categorized as ESBL-positive, ESBL-negative, and ESBL-uncertain groups according to the CLSI recommended phenotypic screening method. ESBL and AmpC genes were amplified and sequenced on ESBL-positive and ESBL-uncertain isolates.ResultsThe antimicrobial agents with susceptibility rates of greater than 95% included imipenem (99.9%), colistin (99.6%), ertapenem (98.9%), amikacin (98.3%), cefmetazole (97.9%), nitrofurantoin (96%), and fosfomycin (95.4%). However, susceptibilities to cephalosporins (varying from 58.6% to 74.9%) and levofloxacin (48.8%) were relatively low. In the phenotypic detection of ESBLs, ESBL-positive isolates made up 38.07% of E. coli strains isolated from CA-UTIs, while 2.97% were ESBL-uncertain. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of imipenem, cefmetazole, colistin, ertapenem, amikacin, and nitrofurantoin against ESBL-producing E. coli strains were greater than 90%. The percentage of ESBL-producing strains was higher in male (53.6%) than in female patients (35.2%) (p &lt; 0.001). CTX-M-14 (31.8%) was the major CTX-M variant in the ESBL-producing E. coli, followed by CTX-M-55 (23.4%), CTX-M-15 (17.5%), and CTX-M-27 (13.3%). The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E. coli among CA-UTI isolates was 0.25% (2/809).ConclusionOur study indicated high prevalence of ESBL in E. coli strains from strictly defined community-acquired urinary tract infections in adults in China. Imipenem, colistin, ertapenem, amikacin, and nitrofurantoin were the most active antimicrobials against ESBL-positive E. coli isolates. blaCTX–M–14 is the predominant esbl gene in ESBL-producing and ESBL-uncertain strains. Our study indicated that the use of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolone needs to be restricted for empirical treatment of CA-UTIs in China.

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