scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE ACTIVITY OF TOURIST SERVICE SPHERE ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Tymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Accommodation Sector ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Tourist Service

The main purpose of the article is a comprehensive study of issues related to the analysis of the main components and the development of measures to ensure the economic efficiency of enterprises in the field of tourist services in modern conditions. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving the problem showed that the service of tourists during the trip involves various companies and organizations in the field of service. The object of the study are selected enterprises in the field of tourist services. The study period is 2015-2019. The study of the economic efficiency of service enterprises showed that in recent years there has been an increase in the number of tourists who were served by tour operators and travel agents in Ukraine 2.6 times, of which inbound tourists ‒ 5.5 times, outbound tourists ‒ 2.9 , and domestic tourists ‒ 1.3 times. The cost of sold tourist vouchers also increased (3.5 times). The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the main executor that ensures the implementation of the stages of accommodation and service in the hotel guest cycle, is the accommodation sector. Its representatives are also involved in the organization of leisure tourists. The number of persons in collective accommodation facilities increased 1.2 times in 2015-2019. Meeting the needs and demand for tourism implies the need to provide a large number of tourist services. Significant growth in terms of all costs incurred by tourism entities for the services of third-party organizations used in the production of tourism products. In the structure of the studied costs, the largest share is occupied by accommodation and accommodation costs ‒ 25.7%, transport services ‒ 26.9%. Thus, the analysis of economic efficiency of enterprises in the field of tourist services is of practical importance. According to its results, you can not only assess the efficiency of the enterprise, analyze the total effect of its structural units and activities, but also identify promising areas of development of the industry and the results of the resourses use. The analysis indicates a gradual increase in most of the studied indicators that characterize the work of enterprises in the field of tourist services. In the future, to successfully overcome the crisis, it is necessary to develop integration forms of enterprises in the hospitality industry and tourist services

Problems of economic effects assessment from digital technologies applying in urban transport systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Volkova ◽  
Maria Lyakina ◽  
Anna Strimovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Efficiency Assessment

Objective: To clarify the existing methods for the assessment of economic effects arising from modern digital technologies applying in urban transport systems. Nowadays, there is an intensive digitalization process in various industries, including transport. This requires the development of relevant methods for assessing the economic efficiency of investments in digitization projects. Methods: To achieve the goal we used such general scientific research methods as observation, analysis, generalization, and analogy. Results: Information about the possibilities of new digital technologies applying in urban transport systems has been digested. The main positive effects arising from digitalization in urban transport systems have been highlighted. Taking into account the specific character of urban transport systems, classification of these effects based on the possibility of their cost estimation has been developed. The authors focus on the debatable issues arising in the process of cost estimation. Practical importance: It is possible to use the results of the research in the planning for the development of urban transport systems, as well as for economic efficiency assessment in digitalization projects aimed at improving the quality of passenger transport services. The results of the research can be used by regulatory authorities and transport companies for the economic efficiency assessment of smart urban transport systems.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF MANUFACTURING FUEL BRIQUETTES OF HIGH QUALITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (155) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
О. Polyansky ◽  
О. Dyakonov ◽  
О. Skrypnyk ◽  
V. Dyakonov ◽  
I. Buzina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Waste Particles ◽  
The Cost

The paper evaluates the economic efficiency of the production of fuel briquettes of high quality. The main problems of the use of waste as fuel are noted. The main research results and a method for the efficient use of polyethylene waste as an energy-saturated component and a binder in the production of solid fuels are described. The technological scheme of a pilot plant and equipment necessary for the implementation of a method for producing briquettes are presented. As a result of improving the technology of manufacturing fuel briquettes, economic indicators were obtained for reducing the cost of electricity for grinding waste, increasing the cost of electric energy for mixing waste particles, reducing the cost of electricity, reducing the cost of electricity for drying, reducing the cost of electricity for sealed packaging.Technical and economic calculations show that the developed technology allows to reduce the time of technical cycles and reduce the technological area. A model of a technological process with an effective sequence of technological operations and the parameters of the optimal component composition are presented. The main factors that have a significant impact on the creation of the structural composition of solid multicomponent fuel are reflected. Defects of a new fuel briquette are shown. This perspective assessment, the relevance and practical importance of solving the problem of the efficient use of polyethylene waste in the production of solid multicomponent fuel is noted. A functional diagram of a device for technologically and economically optimal microwave drying of a briquette mixture in the manufacture of fuel briquettes is presented. This scheme allows you to fully automate the drying process of the briquette mixture, to obtain high quality briquettes and have total costs for the production of fuel briquettes and for drying the briquette mixture. Keywords: polyethylene waste, wood waste, fuel briquettes, biofuel, solid multicomponent composition.

Exergoeconomic analysis of renewable multi-generation system

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Vontas Alfenny Nahan ◽  
Audrius Bagdanavicius ◽  
Andrew McMullan
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
Exergoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Cost

In this study a new multi-generation system which generates power (electricity), thermal energy (heating and cooling) and ash for agricultural needs has been developed and analysed. The system consists of a Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BIGCC) and an absorption chiller system. The system generates about 3.4 MW electricity, 4.9 MW of heat, 88 kW of cooling and 90 kg/h of ash. The multi-generation system has been modelled using Cycle Tempo and EES. Energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of this system had been conducted and exergy costs have been calculated. The exergoeconomic study shows that gasifier, combustor, and Heat Recovery Steam Generator are the main components where the total cost rates are the highest. Exergoeconomic variables such as relative cost difference (r) and exergoeconomic factor (f) have also been calculated. Exergoeconomic factor of evaporator, combustor and condenser are 1.3%, 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively, which is considered very low, indicates that the capital cost rates are much lower than the exergy destruction cost rates. It implies that the improvement of these components could be achieved by increasing the capital investment. The exergy cost of electricity produced in the gas turbine and steam turbine is 0.1050 £/kWh and 0.1627 £/kWh, respectively. The cost of ash is 0.0031 £/kg. In some Asian countries, such as Indonesia, ash could be used as fertilizer for agriculture. Heat exergy cost is 0.0619 £/kWh for gasifier and 0.3972 £/kWh for condenser in the BIGCC system. In the AC system, the exergy cost of the heat in the condenser and absorber is about 0.2956 £/kWh and 0.5636 £/kWh, respectively. The exergy cost of cooling in the AC system is 0.4706 £/kWh. This study shows that exergoeconomic analysis is powerful tool for assessing the costs of products.

PROMOTING THE NATURAL RESTORATION OF LIPNYAKS OF THE KASMARSKY DISTRICT FORESTRY OF THE ZIANCHURINSKY FORESTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
L.V. Mazitova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Natural Restoration ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Cost

The article presents the results of studying various measures to promote the natural renewal of lime forests in the Kasmarsky uchastkovoye forestry of the Zianchurinsky forestry. The data on lime forests within the boundaries of the forestry were studied, and the calculation of the economic efficiency of promoting natural regeneration was carried out. The use of evenly-gradual and continuous narrow-cut logging in the conditions of the Zianchurinsky forest area in the Kasmar district forest area will avoid the creation of expensive forest crops. The cost of creating forest crops is 10,719. 4 rubles per 1 ha, and the cost of preserving and caring for the forest during evenly-gradual logging is 4,237. 9 rubles, and solid narrow-cutting-3,469. 33 rubles.

THE COST OF FEDERAL MONEY, HELLS CANYON AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY: Part II

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
OTTO ECKSTEIN ◽  
JOHN V. KRUTILLA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hells Canyon

scholarly journals Multi-Blockchain-Based IoT Data Processing Techniques to Ensure the Integrity of IoT Data in AIoT Edge Computing Environments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3515
Author(s):  
Sung-Ho Sim ◽  
Yoon-Su Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Constant Size ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Cloud Servers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
And Control

As the development of IoT technologies has progressed rapidly recently, most IoT data are focused on monitoring and control to process IoT data, but the cost of collecting and linking various IoT data increases, requiring the ability to proactively integrate and analyze collected IoT data so that cloud servers (data centers) can process smartly. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based IoT big data integrity verification technique to ensure the safety of the Third Party Auditor (TPA), which has a role in auditing the integrity of AIoT data. The proposed technique aims to minimize IoT information loss by multiple blockchain groupings of information and signature keys from IoT devices. The proposed technique allows IoT information to be effectively guaranteed the integrity of AIoT data by linking hash values designated as arbitrary, constant-size blocks with previous blocks in hierarchical chains. The proposed technique performs synchronization using location information between the central server and IoT devices to manage the cost of the integrity of IoT information at low cost. In order to easily control a large number of locations of IoT devices, we perform cross-distributed and blockchain linkage processing under constant rules to improve the load and throughput generated by IoT devices.

scholarly journals Methods to Prevent Future Severe Animal Welfare Problems Caused by COVID-19 in the Pork Industry

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 830
Author(s):  
Temple Grandin
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pork Industry ◽  
Third Party Auditing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Welfare

In the U.S., the most severe animal welfare problems caused by COViD-19 were in the pork industry. Thousands of pigs had to be destroyed on the farm due to reduced slaughter capacity caused by ill workers. In the future, both short-term and long-term remedies will be needed. In the short-term, a portable electrocution unit that uses scientifically validated electrical parameters for inducing instantaneous unconsciousness, would be preferable to some of the poor killing methods. A second alternative would be converting the slaughter houses to carcass production. This would require fewer people to process the same number of pigs. The pandemic revealed the fragility of large centralized supply chains. A more distributed supply chain with smaller abattoirs would be more robust and less prone to disruption, but the cost of pork would be greater. Small abattoirs can coexist with large slaughter facilities if they process pigs for specialized premium markets such as high welfare pork. The pandemic also had a detrimental effect on animal welfare inspection and third party auditing programs run by large meat buyers. Most in-person audits in the slaughter plants were cancelled and audits were done by video. Video audits should never completely replace in-person audits.

Trial by Jury as “Mockery of Justice”: Party Contention, Courtroom Corruption, and the Ironic Judicial Legacy of Antimasonry

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-198
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bussiere
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Party Organization ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Mass ◽  
True Mass

Sweeping across the social and political landscape of the northeastern United States during the late 1820s and early 1830s, the Antimasonic Party has earned a modest immortality as the first “third” party in American history. In pamphlets, speeches, sermons, protests, and other venues, Antimasons lambasted the fraternal order of Freemasonry as undemocratic, inegalitarian, and un-Christian, reviling it as a threat to the moral order and civic health of the Early Republic. Because they believed that the fraternal organization largely controlled all levels of government, antebellum Antimasons first created a social movement and then an independent political party. Even before the full emergence of modern mass democratic politics, Antimasons demonstrated the benefits of party organization, open national nominating conventions, and party platforms. Scholars with otherwise different perspectives on the “party period” tend to agree that Antimasonry had an important impact on what became the first true mass party organizations—the Jacksonian Democrats and the Whigs—and helped push the political culture in a more egalitarian and populist direction.

scholarly journals The costs of functional gastrointestinal disorders and related signs and symptoms in infants: a systematic literature review and cost calculation for England

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e015594 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mahon ◽  
Carlos Lifschitz ◽  
Thomas Ludwig ◽  
Nikhil Thapar ◽  
Julie Glanville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Party Payer ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Cost

ObjectivesTo estimate the cost of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and related signs and symptoms in infants to the third party payer and to parents.Study designTo estimate the cost of illness (COI) of infant FGIDs, a two-stage process was applied: a systematic literature review and a COI calculation. As no pertinent papers were found in the systematic literature review, a ‘de novo’ analysis was performed. For the latter, the potential costs for the third party payer (the National Health Service (NHS) in England) and for parents/carers for the treatment of FGIDs in infants were calculated, by using publicly available data. In constructing the calculation, estimates and assumptions (where necessary) were chosen to provide a lower bound (minimum) of the potential overall cost. In doing so, the interpretation of the calculation is that the true COI can be no lower than that estimated.ResultsOur calculation estimated that the total costs of treating FGIDs in infants in England were at least £72.3 million per year in 2014/2015 of which £49.1 million was NHS expenditure on prescriptions, community care and hospital treatment. Parents incurred £23.2 million in costs through purchase of over the counter remedies.ConclusionsThe total cost presented here is likely to be a significant underestimate as only lower bound estimates were used where applicable, and for example, costs of alternative therapies, inpatient treatments or diagnostic tests, and time off work by parents could not be adequately estimated and were omitted from the calculation. The number and kind of prescribed products and products sold over the counter to treat FGIDs suggest that there are gaps between treatment guidelines, which emphasise parental reassurance and nutritional advice, and their implementation.

Investigation of the nature of the process of delivering a batch of containers from the rear terminal to the port

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-392
Author(s):  
Gennadiy M. GROSHEV ◽  
◽  
Alexey G. KOTENKO ◽  
Nadezhda V. KLIMOVA ◽  
Natalia B. FEDOROVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Delivery Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Random Nature ◽  
Technological Model

Objective: Assessment of the need to study the process of delivering a batch of containers from the rear terminal to the port to ensure uninterrupted communication between the rear terminal and the seaport and delivery a batch of containers exactly on time. As a primary task, the problem of analyzing the factors affecting the nature of the delivery process is solved. Methods: The methods of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics were applied in terms of determining the factors that affect the nature of the delivery process. The method of constructing process models was used to create a technological model for the delivery of containers by a block train to the port. Results: A technological model of container delivery by block train is presented. Diagrams were built showing the share of the main deviations from the schedule of container trains by types of operations for traffic, traction, corporate transport services. The main factors influencing the duration of individual operations with container block trains en route and the increase in the delivery time for a batch of containers from rear terminals to the seaport as a whole are identified. The random nature of the duration of the delivery of containers by block trains following the schedule has been established. Practical importance: The need to improve the methodology for choosing a method for delivering containers from the rear terminal to the port using simulation based on the identified factors influencing individual elements of the technological model of container delivery by a block train, deviations from the delivery time of containers, scheduled running of block trains is shown.

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