scholarly journals Analisis Aliran Air Bawah Permukaan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ragil Setiawan ◽  
Bilal Al Farishi ◽  
Lea Kristi Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Direction ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Clay Layer ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Subsurface Modeling ◽  
Aquifer Flow

Cean water is needed in a human community. The need for clean water can be taken from subsurface water through a pumping process. Efforts to get clean water that has sustainability can be done by knowing the direction of the aquifer flow. The direction of the aquifer flow can be known through subsurface modeling. This study uses the geoelectric method in modeling the subsurface layer to determine the position of the aquifer. Based on the subsurface model, the average depth of an aquifer is between 30-100 meters. The subsurface model shows the type of aquifer depressed with a clay layer as the upper and lower limits of the aquifer. The subsurface water is estimated to have a flow direction from East to West in a confined aquifer.

scholarly journals SIMULASI DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH DENGAN ADOBE FLASH

UKaRsT ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Dwi Kartikasari ◽  
Nur Nafi'iyah
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Adobe Flash

AbstractThe use of software in the design of clean water distribution is not new. Commonly software was used specifically was designed for clean water distribution networks, namely Epanet 2.0 and WaterCAD. So that in this research was tried using general software multimedia-based namely Adobe Flash. The stages of making simulation with the Adobe Flash program include: (1) Making a storyline, which is making a layout for planning map for clean water distribution networks. (2) Making images and symbol, including pictures of reservoir location, hamlet locations, village road, while symbol was used to determine the water flow direction from the water source to the reservoir and to each hamlet. (3) making water distribution simulation was described by arrows in the pipe, namely from the water source to the reservoir, also distributed to each village. (4) Finishing stage (finishing), which publishes work files Adobe Flash, namely .fla to file in the form of .swf and .exe. So that files can be run without installing Adobe Flash software. Key words: Simulation, Clean Water Distribution, Adobe Flash

scholarly journals Geoelectric evaluation of groundwater potential: a case study at Omuma local government area, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3255-3261
Author(s):  
M. E. Abbey ◽  
D. E. Onyebueke
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Rivers State

Abstract Rivers State as the nomenclature depicts is a state richly blessed with both surface and subsurface water. As a result of this, there is less problem of water scarcity, especially in the elite cities of the state, but so many other communities due to one reason or the other still wallow in abject water scarcity. In this survey, a total of seven (7) vertical electric soundings were carried out using Schlumberger configuration at Obibi community in Omuma local government area, Rivers State, to ascertain the location and depths to aquifer. ABEM terrameter SAS 300 was used in the survey with electrode spacing AB/2 of 150 m, thus probing to a depth of about 200 m. Geoelectric software (IPI2WIN) was utilized in the plotting, iteration and interpretation of the resistivity data obtained. From the quantitative interpretation and the lithology of the areas, five different subsurface layers were delineated with their geoelectric curve given as AK, AKQ and AKH. Aquifer in these areas is highly prolific and mostly located at an average depth of 52 m.

scholarly journals FEASIBILITY STUDY BENDUNGAN POH SANTEN DI KABUPATEN JEMBRANA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Ketut Nuraga ◽  
I Gusti Lanang Bagus Eratodi
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
The People ◽  
Design Detail ◽  
Preliminary Study

ABSTRAKPembangunan sarana penyediaan air baku bagi Kabupaten Jembrana merupakan salah satu kebutuhan yang utama bagi kelangsungan hidup masyarakat di daerah tersebut. Sarana penyediaan air baku berupa bendungan sebagai tempat tampungan air merupakan suatu alternatif dalam mengatasi masalah pemenuhan kebutuhan air irigasi dan air bersih didaerah tersebut. Pada studi-studi tentang ketersediaan air baik air permukaan maupun bawah permukaan dengan tingkat kebutuhan air penduduk di Kabupaten Jembrana yang semakin meningkat, maka telah direkomendasikan untuk melakukan kajian-kajian teknis tentang upaya-upaya penyediaan air baku terutama dengan membangun bendungan. Salah satu studi yang telah direkomendasikan adalah melakukan studi pendahuluan berupa studi kelayakan Bendungan Poh Santen di daerah aliran sungai (DAS) Tukad Pergung di Kecamatan Medoyo. Dalam studi ini, desain awal bendungan Poh Santen dipilih konstruksi Bendungan Tipe Urugan Inti Vertikal dengan material urugan random sesuai dengan ketersediaan jenis material di lokasi studi. Tinggi bendungan 32 m dan tampungan total sebesar 1,272x106 m3. Pemanfaatan air bendungan Poh Santen untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air irigasi seluas 269 ha dan memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih penduduk dengan debit rencana sebesar 0,142 m3/dt. Analisis kelayakan didapat hasil bendungan Poh Santen dinyatakan sangat layak untuk dilajutkan pada tahap Detail Desain (IRR>12% dan BCR>1)Kata kunci: bendungan, tampungan, air irigasi, air bersih, kelayakan teknis  ABSTRACTThe construction of raw water supply facilities for Jembrana Regency is one of the main needs for the survival of the people in the area. Means of supplying raw water in the form of dams as water reservoirs are an alternative in overcoming the problem of meeting the needs of irrigation water and clean water in the area. In studies of the availability of water both surface and subsurface water with the increasing level of water needs of the population in Jembrana Regency, it has been recommended to conduct technical studies on efforts to provide raw water, especially by building dams. One study that has been recommended is a preliminary study in the form of a feasibility study of the Poh Santen Dam in the Tukad Pergung watershed in Medoyo District. In this study, the initial design of the Poh Santen dam was chosen by the construction of a Vertical Core Urugan Dam type with a random Urugan material according to the availability of material types at the study site. The dam is 32 m high and the total reservoir is 1,272 x 106 m3. Utilization of Poh Santen dam water to meet irrigation water needs covering an area of 269 ha and meet the population's clean water needs with a planned discharge of 0.142 m3 / sec. The feasibility analysis shows that the results of the Poh Santen dam are declared to be very feasible to be continued at the Design Detail stage (IRR> 12% and BCR> 1)Keywords: dams, reservoirs, irrigation water, clean water, technical feasibility

scholarly journals A Finite Element Aquifer Model which takes into Account Elevation Changes of the Aquifer

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Aalto
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Middle Surface ◽  
Surface Element ◽  
Element Formulation ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Programming Effort ◽  
Elevation Changes ◽  
Isoparametric Finite Elements ◽  
Aquifer Flow

A finite element formulation for confined aquifer flow, which takes into account elevation changes of the aquifer is presented. The middle surface of the aquifer is assumed not as a horizontal plane but as a curved surface. The theory of isoparametric finite elements is applied to develop a general isoparametric surface element for the problem. The presented technique can, with little additional programming effort, be incorporated into any standard finite element computer program for solving the two-dimensional quasi-harmonic differential equation (i.e. equation governing heat conduction, electric potential, seepage through porous media etc.) A computer program using a four node quadrilateral surface element has been developed. Some results of two examples analyzed using this program are finally established.

scholarly journals Particle Tracking Using Dynamic Water-Level Data

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2063
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Pressure Transducers ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Water Level Data ◽  
Fluid Particles

The movement of fluid particles about historic subsurface releases is often governed by dynamic subsurface water levels. Motivations for tracking the movement of fluid particles include tracking the fate of subsurface contaminants and resolving the fate of water stored in subsurface aquifers. This study provides a novel method for predicting the movement of subsurface particles relying on dynamic water-level data derived from continuously recording pressure transducers. At least three wells are needed to measure water levels which are used to determine the plain of the water table. Based on Darcy’s law, particle flow pathlines at the study site are obtained using the slope of the water table. The results show that hydrologic conditions, e.g., seasonal transpiration and precipitation, influence local groundwater flow. The changes of water level in short periods caused by the hydrologic variations made the hydraulic gradient diversify considerably, thus altering the direction of groundwater flow. Although a range of groundwater flow direction and gradient with time can be observed by an initial review of water levels in rose charts, the net groundwater flow at all field sites is largely constant in one direction which is driven by the gradients with higher magnitude.

The effect of unidirectional shear flow-induced orientation on foaming properties of polypropylene

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Chunling Xin ◽  
Yanbin Su ◽  
Yadong He
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Amorphous Ribbon ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Bubble Nucleation ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Foaming Properties ◽  
Degree Of Orientation

AbstractWhen the semi-crystalline polymers undergo shearing during flow, the orientation of the molecular chains are induced. In order to study the effect of polypropylene orientation on foaming, we designed an injection mold with a long flow ratio. The samples were prepared by different process conditions and characterized by polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The degree of orientation was calculated by infrared dichroism. It was found that the orientation of the amorphous region has the greatest influence, and the subsurface layer in the cross section along the flow direction had the largest degree of orientation. The samples were foaming in a self-made sealed cavity under the same condition. The foamed samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and it was found that the shish-kebab crystal structure was induced in the surface layer and the subsurface layer under strong shear force. The shish-kebab crystal structure restricted the space for bubble nucleation and growth, and a large number of sub-micron and nano-scale cells appeared in the space of nucleation and growth. Along the flow orientation direction, the longitudinal and transverse sections of each foamed sample with the degree of orientation decreases, the density of cells and the average diameter of cells increases gradually, and the expansion of the foams have an advantage in the direction of flow orientation. The degree of orientation corresponding to the amorphous ribbon (1153 cm−1) of all the samples were arranged from small to large, and it was found that the expansion ratio decreased when the degree of orientation increased. The effect of orientation on foaming properties of polypropylene provides a new strategy for designing other polymer foams.

scholarly journals A Review of Infiltration Excess Overland Flow (IEOF): Terms, Models and Environmental Impact

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-502
Author(s):  
Siti Nurbaidzuri Reli ◽  
Izham Mohamad Yusoff ◽  
Habibah Lateh ◽  
Muhamad Uznir Ujang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Infiltration Excess ◽  
High Precipitation

High precipitation rate usually give an impact on soil instability and streamflow volume that lead to hazard such as landslide, soil erosion and flood. However, such hazard might happen as a result of various factors including types of soil, soil structure, land used, human activities and surface and subsurface water flow. The major changes on flow rate might change the soil structure and flow direction due to high volume of precipitation with uneven dispersion, especially in hilly topography. The research on Streamflow Generating Process (SGP) has been advancing in order to understand the formation of stream resulting from both surface and subsurface flow comprising Infiltration Excess Overland Flow (IEOF), Saturation Excess Overland Flow (SEOF), Shallow Subsurface Flow (SSF), Direct Precipitation onto Stream Surface (DPOSS), percolation, evapotranspiration and ground water (GW). This paper will only focus on one of the process which is IEOF. Despite the apparent important of IEOF in determining changes in environment, relatively little is understood in the processes that occurred behind. The review aims to minimize the misconception on the terms that regularly used in IEOF studies such as overland flow, surface runoff, urban runoff and stormwater. The term used can make the meaning become misleading and give confusion to the readers. A numerous of terms used to explain the process in Hydrology does not pose problems for Hydrologist but effect the understanding of those who are from different field of background. Besides, this study also discussed on the current model that used in IEOF studies and the trend of integrated hydrological and Geographic Information System (GIS) model in solving IEOF problems. In addition, this paper also concentrates on one of the environmental issues that give impact to IEOF which is global warming.

scholarly journals Biogeochemical characteristics of a long-lived anticyclonic eddy in the eastern South Pacific Ocean

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 14481-14506 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cornejo ◽  
L. Bravo ◽  
M. Ramos ◽  
O. Pizarro ◽  
J. Karstensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Mesoscale Eddy ◽  
Mesoscale Eddies ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Oxygen Utilization

Abstract. Eastern boundary upwelling systems are characterized by high productivity that often leads to subsurface hypoxia on the shelf. Mesoscale eddies are important, frequent, and persistent features of circulation in these regions, transporting physical, chemical and biological properties from shelves to the open ocean. In austral fall of 2011, during the Tara Oceans expedition, a subsurface layer (200–400 m) in which the concentration of oxygen was very low (< 2 μmol kg−1 of O2) was observed in the eastern South Pacific, ~ 900 km offshore (30° S, 81° W). Satellite altimetry combined with CTD observations associated the local oxygen anomaly with an intrathermocline, anticyclonic, mesoscale eddy with a diameter of about 150 km. The eddy contained Equatorial Subsurface Water (ESSW) that at this latitude is normally restricted near the coast. Undersaturation (44 %) of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrite accumulation (> 0.5 μM) gave evidence for denitrification in this water mass. Based on satellite altimetry, we tracked the eddy back to its region of formation on the coast of central Chile (36.1° S, 74.6° W). We estimate that the eddy formed in April 2010. Field studies conducted on the Chilean shelf in June 2010 provided approximate information on initial O2 and N2O concentrations of "source water" in the region at the time of eddy formation. Concentrations of both O2 and N2O in the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the offshore eddy were lower than its surroundings or "source water" on the shelf, suggesting that these chemical species were consumed as the eddy moved offshore. Estimates of apparent oxygen utilization rates at the OMZ of the eddy ranged from 0.29 to 44 nmol L−1 d−1 and the rate of N2O consumption was 3.92 nmol L−1 d−1. Our results show that mesoscale eddies in the ESP not only transport physical properties of the ESSW from the coast to the ocean interior, but also export and transform biogeochemical properties, creating suboxic environments in the oligotrophic region of the eastern South Pacific. Suboxic water masses that are advected by eddies act as hotspots for denitrification and loss of fixed nitrogen from the system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document