scholarly journals A NOVEL METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH OF ESTIMATING URBAN POPULATION IN NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Jacob F. Olorunfemi ◽  
Irewolede Fashagba
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population Estimation ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
School Enrolment ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Vital Registration System

The primary source of population data in Nigeria is the census despite its inconsistency. Consequently, efforts made to estimate population from such census figures and sometimes vital registration system has proved inadequate because of diverse problems. This study is aimed at developing a technique of population estimation in Nigeria using symptomatic data. The data for this study were collected through survey method, immunization and school enrolment data were collected from the Expanded Programme on Immunization and Ministry of Education, respectively. The average number of people per house or crowding index (CI) for Kabba was combined with immunization and school enrolment to establish a relationship which was subsequently used in regression analysis to estimate population. The results show that the population of Kabba and Kogi State were 70,870 and 4,230,382, respectively. The study recommended that the model can be used for population estimation in Nigeria and in places that have similar population data generation problems.

Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Philadelphia

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e6
Author(s):  
Megan Todd ◽  
Meagan Pharis ◽  
Sam P. Gulino ◽  
Jessica M. Robbins ◽  
Cheryl Bettigole
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Vital Registration System ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Excess Deaths

Objectives. To estimate excess all-cause mortality in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during the COVID-19 pandemic and understand the distribution of excess mortality in the population. Methods. With a Poisson model trained on recent historical data from the Pennsylvania vital registration system, we estimated expected weekly mortality in 2020. We compared these estimates with observed mortality to estimate excess mortality. We further examined the distribution of excess mortality by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results. There were an estimated 3550 excess deaths between March 22, 2020, and January 2, 2021, a 32% increase above expectations. Only 77% of excess deaths (n=2725) were attributed to COVID-19 on the death certificate. Excess mortality was disproportionately high among older adults and people of color. Sex differences varied by race/ethnicity. Conclusions. Excess deaths during the pandemic were not fully explained by COVID-19 mortality; official counts significantly undercount the true death toll. Far from being a great equalizer, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated preexisting disparities in mortality by race/ethnicity. Public Health Implications. Mortality data must be disaggregated by age, sex, and race/ethnicity to accurately understand disparities among groups. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 10, 2021: e1–e6. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306285 )

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND SCHOOL EFFECTIVENESS IN TS25 SCHOOLS IN GUA MUSANG KELANTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (42) ◽  
pp. 204-214
Author(s):  
Mohd Zainuddin Zakaria ◽  
Siti Noor Ismail ◽  
Yahya Don ◽  
Wan Rosni Wan Yakob
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
School Effectiveness ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Performing ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to identify the level of transformational leadership of principals and the level of school effectiveness in TS25 schools in Gua Musang District, Kelantan. In addition, this study also seeks to look at the relationship between the two variables involved, transformational leadership and school effectiveness. This quantitative study by cross-sectional survey method used two types of instruments, namely the Transformational leadership instrument by Leithwood and Jantzi (1999) and the school effectiveness instrument adapted from the study of Lazaridou and Iordanidis (2011. The sampling of the study involved four TS25 secondary schools with a total of 162 teachers. The findings of the study showed that the level of transformational leadership of principals and the level of school effectiveness was at a high level, with values (M = 4.17, SP = .604) and (M = 4.19, SP = .613) respectively. Further, correlation analysis showed that there was a very strong and significant relationship (r = .89, p <.01) between the two variables involved, namely transformational leadership and school effectiveness. It is hoped that the findings of this study can be used as a guide by the parties involved, especially the Ministry of Education Malaysia in strengthening the characteristics of high-performing leadership among school administrators towards improving school effectiveness through professionalism programs.

scholarly journals OERlabs: Empathy first, solution later?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bence Lukács ◽  
Mathias Andrasch ◽  
Sandra Hofhues
Keyword(s):  
Student Teachers ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Open Book ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Shared Goal ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

The project ‘OERlabs - jointly training student (teachers) for Open Eductional Resources (OER) use’ is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research Germany (BMBF[SH1] ) and aims to sensitize and contextualize OER for all relevant university actors by strategically carrying out an open developmental process. This process includes organizing regular Multi-Stakeholder[SH2] Dialogues (MSD) over the course of the project. This paper briefly outlines the kick-off MSD event, its methodological approach in context of the entire process, i.e. building a base for working on solutions with implicit use of OER-principles and presents the participants feedback and provides results from the event. In contrast to committee work, our MSD-approach provides participants with more spacefor open discussions while still working towards a shared goal. In the context of OER, these events show the importance of focusing on the participants attitudes and mindset, rather than confronting them with general OER-related topics right away, such as licensing and creative commons. The project OERlabs will organize its final MSD in July of 2018, while also documenting additional experiences in an Open Book.

Research-based theatre across disciplines: A relational approach to inquiry

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Tetsuro Shigematsu ◽  
Chris Cook ◽  
George Belliveau ◽  
Graham W. Lea
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Projects

Research-based theatre (RbT) is an innovative research methodology that draws on theatre practices and conventions to engage in and share research. It is an inherently collaborative and relational methodology, inviting research participants, artists and researchers to take part in embodied data generation, analysis and knowledge-exchange activities. This methodology encompasses writing, rehearsing and performing a research-based monologue, scene or play. In this article, the authors share three recent examples from interdisciplinary projects where researchers and artists engaged with different communities to dramatize data using an RbT methodological approach. To add to literature in the field, the authors consider their experiences leading RbT projects in three disparate fields: theatrical, social and therapeutic. The authors explore the question of how RbT transforms relationships and how relationships transform RbT.

scholarly journals Challenging Cocacolisation of Rural Nepali Market: The Role of Education

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Dhungana ◽  
Alexandra Pfefferle
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Rural Markets ◽  
Rural Market ◽  
Rural Nepal ◽  
Desk Review ◽  
Red Bull

The shelves of local shops are filled with an abundance of imported beverages. Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Fanta, Sprite, Frooti, and Red Bull among others have made the way to rural Nepal, where agriculture is still the primary source of income. As the result of increasing access to imported goods and products in rural markets, local products are gradually losing ground. This paper shows that tailored consumer education can assist de-cocacolising the market and increase the competitiveness and diversification of local products. It does so by imparting knowledge and skills to individuals to be critical and responsible consumers who start seeking an equal share of local products in the rural market. For this paper, extensive desk review, rural market observations and interviews with consumers of different age groups, vendors and youth were used as data generation techniques.

scholarly journals Comparison Between Conventional and Digital Essay Writing Assessment System: Consumer Concept and User Friendly

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Adenan Ayob
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Essay Writing ◽  
New Era ◽  
Digital Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
User Friendly

Significant changes occurred in education system; teaching and learning technology in this new era. The changes can be revised through the existence of digital assessment system for essay writing. In utilizing and interpreting these changes, this study was conducted to examine the use of digital and conventional assessment system for Form Three among Malay teachers. The survey method was used in this study. The samples of the study are 60 teachers of the national secondary school which taught Malay Language for form three in Selangor and Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. The data are described descriptively and inferentially. Descriptive data are mean and standard deviation. Inferential data was analyzed using ANCOVA statistics. The findings show that there is a significant difference in teachers' opinion on the use of digital assessment system and the use of conventional assessment materials that based on consumer concept and user friendly. From that perspective, digital scoring system make teachers more dynamic in scoring the essay writing for form three. Therefore, it is recommended to the Ministry of Education to implement and revise the use of digital assessment system to improve the process for primary and secondary schools.

scholarly journals Trends in Suicide Mortality by Method from 1979 to 2016 in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibha Dhungel ◽  
Maaya Kita Sugai ◽  
Stuart Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Vital Registration System ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Age Adjusted Rates ◽  
Log Linear

Suicide is a major public health concern in Japan. This study aimed to characterize the trends in suicide mortality in Japan by method since 1979. Using data from the Japan vital registration system, we calculated age-standardized rates of suicide mortality separately by sex and method. We conducted a log-linear regression of suicide mortality rates separately by sex, and linear regression analysis of the proportion of deaths due to hanging, including a test for change in level and trend in 1998. While crude suicide rates were static over the time period, age-adjusted rates declined. The significant increase in suicide mortality in 1998 was primarily driven by large changes in the rate of hanging, with suicide deaths after 1998 having 36.7% higher odds of being due to hanging for men (95% CI: 16.3–60.8%), and 21.9% higher odds of being due to hanging for women (95% CI: 9.2–35.9%). Hanging has become an increasingly important method for committing suicide over the past 40 years, and although suicide rates have been declining continuously over this time, more effort is needed to prevent hanging and address the potential cultural drivers of suicide if the rate is to continue to decline in the future.

scholarly journals Digital Images on Social Media and Proliferation of Fake News on Covid-19 in Kano, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Mainasara Yakubu Kurfi ◽  
Msughter Eric Msughter ◽  
Idris Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Fake News ◽  
News Online

Misinformation becomes rampant in the digital age and social media provide people with the opportunities for engaging more actively in society. The objectives of the study are: (i) to ascertain the extent to which residents of Kano have been exposed to digital images on Covid-19 that often accompany fake news in social media; (ii) to establish the extent to which residents of Kano are influenced by fake news on Covid-19 with images; (iii) to find out the factors that often lead to the influence of fake news with digital images on Covid-19 among social media users in Kano; (iv) to ascertain the social media platforms mostly used in spreading fake news about Covid-19 in the state. Theoretically, Technological Determinism and Perception theories were adopted to analyze these issues. A Positivist approach to data generation and analysis was adopted using the survey method. Two local governments were selected for the study: Tarauni and Kano Municipal. Tarauni local government area had the highest number of the Covid-19 cases, while Kano Municipal had the lowest number. The population of the study consist of 593,087 with a sample size of 400 respondents derived from Taro Yamane’s sample size prediction table. The respondents were reached through cluster sampling. A total of 400 copies of questionnaires were administered to respondents in Tarauni and Kano Municipal. However, only 385 copies, which represent (96%), were retrieved and found usable for the study as the remaining 15 were not returned. The study found that Kano residents were significantly exposed to digital images that often accompany fake news in social media. They read news online every day, prefer news accompanied by images, share and like news online. The study also found that Kano residents are influenced by fake news with digital images on Covid-19 to a very great extent, especially on Facebook. Factors responsible for proliferation of fake news on social media include: perception or instinct, eagerness to be the first to share images and lack of knowledge about image verification tools. The study concludes that ignorance and the old belief that pictures do not lie were responsible for this.

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