scholarly journals Study of the educational and methodological aspects of philosophical and anthropological discourse at the Department of Social Sciences and Ukrainian Studies of Bukovinian State Medical University (2001-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Ihor Skakun
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Anthropological Discourse

scholarly journals Reform of a Russian science as an institutional constructing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Mikhail F. Chernysh
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Global Science ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The article analyzes theoretical and methodological aspects of the ongoing reforms of the Russian science. The reforms are based on a set of ideas (myths) whose implementation was supposed to raise the effectiveness of the Russian science, form its new institutional structure, similar to the structure of science in more developed countries. The “sacral” mytholodical component of the reforms had no foundation in the traditional practices that had been shaped by the Russian scientific community in its long history. The reforms took no heed of the specific separation of science and education that had historically emerged in Russia helping to concentrate scientific assets in the most promising directions and most effective institutions. The myth of the “global science” stressing intermingling and interaction of scientific projects across the world played its negative role. The universalist project of reforms did not reflect on the basic differences between the “natural sciences” and “sciences of the spirit”. The “sacral” perception of the Western science as an ideal mechanism of selection boosting scientific achievement led to performance measurement indicators thatignored the interests of sciences and researchers in social sciences and humanities. The ongoing reforms are fraught with developments that can weaken the Russian science and its human potential, downgrade its research agenda.

scholarly journals PRACTICE GENEALOGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR STRATEGY AS PRACTICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVERTON RODRIGUES DA SILVA ◽  
CARLOS ALBERTO GONÇALVES
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Theory Of Practice ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strategy As Practice ◽  
Social Organizational ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Organizational Reality

ABSTRACT Purpose: To map the converging principles of the various practice theories and present their implications for the research agenda of the strategy as practice. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The research program of strategy as practice (S-as-P) is an intellectual heir of the studies based upon practices present in contemporary social theory. Field theoreticians reinforce the importance of a self-conscious application of the theory of practice, an ambition that requires an allegiance to the notion of practice. Facing this situation, the contribution of this work is: 1. to enable a first approach with the philosophical assumptions of the theory of practice; 2. to serve as a basis for a thorough examination of the research agenda of S-as-P; 3. to serve as inspiration for scholars to be concerned about the fundamental concepts of their researches. Key methodological aspects: Theoretical essay elaborated from a systematic review of the literature. Summary of key results: Review of critical concepts for the S-as-P (e.g.: notions of social/organizational reality, practice, agency, strategy and articulation of these concepts with influential visions in the field of strategy), showing their unique aspects - facing the procedural approaches in strategy and previous theoretical perspectives in the social sciences that use the word practice - and stimulating the development of research of ethnographic inspiration, cartographic or similar. Key considerations/conclusions: The effort undertaken is an attempt to bring to surface the assumptions that guide the turn of the practice, avoiding the reproduction of theoretical models, without understanding the principles on which they were drawn up.

scholarly journals Using Synthetic Controls: Feasibility, Data Requirements, and Methodological Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-425
Author(s):  
Alberto Abadie
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Synthetic Control Methods ◽  
Synthetic Controls ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Data Requirements

Probably because of their interpretability and transparent nature, synthetic controls have become widely applied in empirical research in economics and the social sciences. This article aims to provide practical guidance to researchers employing synthetic control methods. The article starts with an overview and an introduction to synthetic control estimation. The main sections discuss the advantages of the synthetic control framework as a research design, and describe the settings where synthetic controls provide reliable estimates and those where they may fail. The article closes with a discussion of recent extensions, related methods, and avenues for future research. (JEL B41, C32, C54, E23, F15, O47)

scholarly journals How (not) to measure social support networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Hlebec ◽  
Tina Kogovšek
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Work Support ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Network Composition ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Relation Approach

The name generator approach and the role relation approach are among the most common ways to measure ego-centered social networks. The name generator approach, which first requires of a respondent to name actual persons and then usually asks several additional questions about these persons gives richer data on the respondent's social network, but is, on the other hand, relatively costly and burdensome. On the other hand the role relation approach is simpler to use and probably less burdensome for the respondent (he/she names persons in his/her networks only in terms of their roles, e.g., partner, friend), but provides less precise data on the respondent's network (e.g., network composition and size). Previous experiments which compared both approaches with regard to network composition (proportions of family, friends, neighbors and co-workers) provide incomplete evidence because the two approaches differed in several methodological aspects (e.g., question wording, limitation of the number of named alters, ranking of named alters). In this article, an experiment was designed in which all factors that were found to interact with network composition and the two approaches were controlled for. Based on previous studies, several hypotheses were formulated and tested. Data were collected on a quota sample of 683 respondents by students at the Faculty of Social Sciences and the Faculty of Arts in Ljubljana in October and November 2008. Results show that, in general, differences in frequency distributions were not large. Provision of instrumental support is similar for both approaches, but larger differences appear in emotional, informational and work support. Differences were greater for strong ties and for the category "no one". Differences were also slightly larger for first choices. Dispersion of roles was slightly greater with the name generator approach. Results are discussed in comparison with previous findings.

scholarly journals Organization-methodological aspects of teaching interns the tactic of treatment of patients with acute abdominal surgical pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4 (96)) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
O. Rotar ◽  
V. Polioviy ◽  
V. Rotar ◽  
B. Petriuk ◽  
Y. Myskovskii
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
Interactive Technologies ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Intern Training ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
Surgical Tactics ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Minimally Invasive Methods

Objective. To improve the mastering of treatment tactics of patients with acute surgical abdominal pathology by interns of the specialty "Surgery".Material and methods. We performed an analysis of the effectiveness of the education-methodological process in interns of the specialty "Surgery" for mastering the surgical tactics of treatment of patients with acute surgical abdominal pathology at the Department of General Surgery of Bukovinian State Medical University during 2017-2020 years.Results. Optimization of intern training was carried out due to the introduction of modern minimally invasive methods of surgical interventions and the latest highly informative diagnostic and prognostic criteria for the complicated course of acute surgical abdominal pathology. The effectiveness of training is improved through the use of modern interactive technologies, for assessing the knowledge of interns the method of discussion polling is preferred.Conclusion. Perfect mastery of modern minimally invasive methods of interventional treatment, understanding of their place and significance is an important component of effective learning of treatment tactics of acute surgical abdominal pathology by interns in the specialty "Surgery".

THE CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INSTRUCTOR IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Artyukhina A.I. ◽  
Tretyak S.V. ◽  
Velikanov V.V.
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
University Staff ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
University Instructors ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical University

The article deals with the development of a university instructor through the integration of formal and non-formal education within the framework of the School of Pedagogical Excellence (SPE). The relevance of the topic is confirmed by lack of a system of continuous pedagogical education for instructors of specialized universities. The aim is to study the potential of the SPE and generalize the experience in creating educational and developmental environment for pedagogical creativity. Aт overview of researches in training of teaching doctors is given. Authors present the approaches to the integration of formal and non-formal components of continuing pedagogical education. The empirical base of the research is Volgograd State Medical University. The structure and activities of the SPE are presented. An analysis of the learning outcomes has proved the effectiveness of the concept. The content meets the educational needs of the university staff and provides psychological and andragogical support for the development of specialists and the distribution of innovative experience. The SPE provides opportunities for non-formal education through the exchange of experience and joint projects. The collaboration of instructors in humanitarian, natural, medical and social sciences help to enrich the content of all disciplines with professionally and personally significant values, promoting the joint development of educators and students. The possibility of instant implementation of modern pedagogical technologies due to the parallel additional pedagogical education and the professional activities is valuable. The results can improve the system of continuous pedagogical education for university instructors.

Conflict of Altruists and Egoists: New Paradigm for Environmental and Social Sciences

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Victor A. SVETLOV ◽  
Nikolai M. SIDOROV ◽  
Anatoly G. EGOROV
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Individual Organism ◽  
Selfish Gene ◽  
Dual Inheritance Theory ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Survival Of The Fittest ◽  
Dual Inheritance

The study of the interconnection between genetic and cultural evolution, often called dual inheritance theory, became a dominant problem for scientists working at the intersection of environmental and social sciences in the second half of the 20th century. At the same time, the philosophical and methodological aspects of the new ecological and social paradigm of research are still uncertain. Below is justified the view that the missing part of the new paradigm should be a theory of conflict. Since C. Darwin, the driving cause of the evolution of living organisms was seen in the instinct of self-preservation (selfishness). The purpose of natural selection was conceived as an improvement in the degree of fitness of an individual organism and indirectly in te species as a whole. However, P.A. Kropotkin in the work "Mutual Assistance as a Factor of Evolution" drew attention to the fact that altruism and the cooperation of organisms are no less important for their survival than egoism. R. Dawkins in the work "The Selfish Gene", which became a bestseller, made the general discovery of evolutionists geneticists - the conflict of altruists and egoists is already embedded in the genetic program of the evolution of all organisms. R. Travers has proved that sexual reproduction and selection are also based on the conflict of egoists and altruists. The creation of the evolutionary theory of games by J. Smith allowed to generalize the rivalry of egoists and altruists to a strategic level and to understand why only in competition with each other these behavior programs ensure the stability of the entire population. The principle of the "Red Queen" of the L. Van Valen justifies the necessity and sufficiency of antagonism as the eternal driver of the "evolutionary arms race". Finally, the "Tragedy of Communities" of G. Hardin explains the evolutionary defectiveness of egoism and altruism as the only motives for social development. Combining all the above discoveries, we conclude that the theory of co-evolution cannot be built neither on the only Darwinian principles of survival of the fittest, or on their sociocultural reinterpretation. We need a new paradigm that openly recognizes the conflict of egoists and altruists as the main cause of co-evolution at all levels of the organization of living matter.

scholarly journals Mechanistic explanations in the cognitive social sciences: Lessons from three case studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 053901842096874
Author(s):  
Matti Sarkia ◽  
Tuukka Kaidesoja ◽  
Mikko Hyyryläinen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Transactive Memory ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Mechanistic Explanations ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Aspects

Discussions of the relations between the social sciences and the cognitive sciences have proliferated in recent years. Our article contributes to the philosophical and methodological foundations of the cognitive social sciences by proposing a framework based on contemporary mechanistic approaches to the philosophy of science to analyze the epistemological, ontological and methodological aspects of research programs at the intersection of the social sciences and the cognitive sciences. We apply this framework to three case studies which address the phenomena of social coordination, transactive memory, and ethnicity. We also assess how successful these research programs have been in providing mechanistic explanations for these phenomena, and where more work remains to be done.

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