An insight into traditional method of food production in India

One of the crucial links of ecosystem is forest and its resources. Apart from producing direct use values, it provides several environmental benefits like pollution control, carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, micro climate regulations etc. Forests are still an almost neglected sector and are consistently undervalued in economic and social terms. Though the area under forest cover has increased, India is still far from its target. Due to different peculiar characteristics, we are not able to valuate forest resources by traditional method of valuation. There is a need to proper insight into forest cover and its valuation methodologies. Through this article, we have tried to estimate the growth pattern, status and trends in India’s forest cover along with its method of valuation.

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Coding, Expression, Targeting, Import and Processing of Distinct Polyphenoloxidases in Tissues of Higher Plants

10.32747/1994.7613008.bard ◽

1994 ◽

Author(s):

John Steffens ◽

Eithan Harel ◽

Alfred Mayer

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Food Production ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Chloroplast Metabolism ◽

Enzymic Browning ◽

Physiological And Biochemical ◽

Insight Into

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) catalyzes the oxidation of phenols to quinones at the expense of O2. PPOs are ubiquitous in higer plants, and their role in oxidative browning of plant tissues causes large annual losses to food production. Despite the importance of PPOs to agriculture, the function(s) of PPOs in higher plants are not understood. Among other roles, PPOs have been proposed to participate in aspects of chloroplast metabolism, based on their occurrence in plastids and high Km for O2. Due to the ability of PPO to catalyze formation of highly reactive quinones, PPOs have also been proposed to be involved in a wide array of defensive interactions with insect, bacterial, and fungal pests. Physiological and biochemical studies of PPO have provided few answers to the major problems of PPO function, subcellular localization, and biochemical properties. This proposal achieved the following major objectives: cloning of PPO cDNAs in potato and tomato; characterization of the tomato PPO gene family; antisense downregulation of the tomato PPO gene family; and reduction in post-harvest enzymic browning of potato through expression of antisense PPO genes under the control of tuber-specific promoters. In addition, we established the lumenal localization of PPO, characterized and clarified the means by which PPOs are imported and processed by chloroplasts, and provided insight into the factors which control localization of PPOs. This proposal has thereby provided fundamental advances in the understanding of this enzyme and the control of its expression.

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An insight into artisanal leather making in Ghana

Journal of Leather Science and Engineering ◽

10.1186/s42825-020-00039-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Miriam Appiah-Brempong ◽

Helen M. K. Essandoh ◽

Nana Yaw Asiedu ◽

Samuel Kwame Dadzie ◽

Francis Warings Yao Momade

Keyword(s):

Traditional Method ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Developing Nations ◽

Manufacturing Processes ◽

Production Processes ◽

Rural Livelihood ◽

Chrome Tanning ◽

Scientific Principles ◽

Vegetable Tanning ◽

Insight Into

Abstract The production of leather from animal skins and hides through tanning processes began in the pre-historic ages. Despite the origination of new leather making techniques such as chrome tanning which is being employed extensively today, the traditional method of leather production primarily through vegetable tanning is still being practised mostly in artisanal tanneries in developing nations including Ghana. Artisanal leather making, thus, contributes beneficially to rural livelihood. Nevertheless, the growth of this sector has been stifled by the lack of innovative technologies to enhance productivity. This challenge could be partly linked to the knowledge gap on the scientific principles governing artisanal leather production processes. This study, therefore, elaborates on various process steps and materials employed in traditional leather making in Ghana and the scientific principles underlying each of the processes. It also makes a comparison between traditional and modern leather manufacturing processes and identifies knowledge and technological gaps which would inspire in-depth scientific research into artisanal leather making. Graphical abstract

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New insight into growth of monolayer MoS2 flakes by indigenously developed CVD setup: A study on shape evolution and spectroscopy

Materials Chemistry Frontiers ◽

10.1039/d1qm00063b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Girija Shankar Papanai ◽

Samanta Pal ◽

Prabir Pal ◽

Brijesh S. Yadav ◽

Preeti Garg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽

Vapor Deposition ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Traditional Method ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Shape Evolution ◽

Monolayer Mos2 ◽

Pressure Chemical ◽

Insight Into ◽

Modern Technologies

The monolayer MoS2 has drawn special consideration owing to its intriguing properties and its potential to revolutionize modern technologies. The atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) is the traditional method...

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Archaeobotanical Approaches in the Study of Food Production in Remote Oceania

Ethnobiology Letters ◽

10.14237/ebl.8.1.2017.882 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maureece Jacqueline Levin

Keyword(s):

Environmental Change ◽

Food Production ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Topical Review ◽

Hot And Humid Climate ◽

Insight Into

This short topical review discusses recent archaeobotanical approaches to understanding food production in Remote Oceania (eastern Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia). The region presents some preservation and interpretative challenges, both due to the lack of cereal crops and the hot and humid climate that prevails through much of the area. Nevertheless, archaeobotanical analyses provide insight into topics such the transport of crops between islands and anthropogenic environmental change.

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The Effects of Using Ultrasound Guidance Versus Traditional Method for Peripheral Intravenous Placement

10.28971/532021kj118 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Traditional Method ◽

Ultrasound Guidance ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

The United States ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Additional Data Collection ◽

Improve Patient ◽

Insight Into

Roughly 230 million peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheters are placed in the United States each year (Helm et al., 2015). The establishment of a PIV access may be lifesaving in times when emergent medications or procedures are critical for survival. The literature suggests the use of ultrasound guidance (USG) may decrease the attempts, decrease the length of time to obtain PIV access and improve patient satisfaction. The primary purpose of this study was to compare the longevity of ultrasound guidance PIVs versus the traditional method within the population of patients 18 years and older. A secondary outcome was to determine the most frequently used gauge needle, commonly used location of PIV and infiltration rate. The research was guided by the American Association of College of Nursing’s (AACN) Synergy Model as it best provided insight into improving patient outcomes by aligning patient needs and nurse competencies. A retrospective chart review was conducted with a total of 200 charts reviewed. Results concluded as follows: the traditional method was found to be superior in regards to longevity and was also found to have a lower rate of infiltrations. There were a number of limitations to this study such as the lack of information on the training of the health care provider placing the PIV, including the use of the Vascular Access Team or USG training. The number of attempts to obtain PIV access was not available for data analysis. Further research is needed with a specific focus on the extended dwell product along with the additional data collection of factors which may have affected the USG group.

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Fishing with Ulysses and Bacchus: Two Roman Mosaics from Tunisia

Gastronomica The Journal of Food and Culture ◽

10.1525/gfc.2007.7.4.7 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 7-9

Author(s):

chris knutson

Keyword(s):

Food Production ◽

Daily Life ◽

Real Life ◽

Close Connection ◽

Marine Products ◽

Roman Africa ◽

Insight Into

The mosaics of Roman Africa drew upon themes from mythology as well as daily life. Even "mythological" scenes can lend insight into real-life activities like food production. One such activity, fishing, is especially prominent in Roman African mosaics. Two mosaics from the so-called "House of Ulysses" in Dougga combine mythological themes with fishing scenes. One mosaic depicts Ulysses' encounter with the Sirens, while the second represents the god Bacchus transforming his would-be kidnappers into dolphins. The fishing scenes are incorporated into the mythological scenes and show fishermen harvesting the adjacent waters. The details of these fishing scenes are striking considering the inland location of Dougga, some 60 miles (100 km) from the sea, in the middle of Roman Africa's agricultural heartland. The inclusion of these fishing scenes in the "House of Ulysses" mosaics suggests that the house's owner had a close connection with the sea, and perhaps alludes to the Roman infrastructure that would have brought marine products to the interior.

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“Old Methods Not Up to New Ways”: The Strategic Use of Advertising in the Fight for Pure Food After 1906

The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era ◽

10.1017/s153778141900029x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 461-479

Author(s):

Alana Toulin

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Food Production ◽

Food Policy ◽

The United States ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Business Interests ◽

Federal Food ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Political Narrative ◽

Insight Into

This article considers how American food manufacturers used advertising and outreach to sway public opinion in the immediate years after the 1906 passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act. Although this federal legislation has long been heralded as a landmark victory for consumer protection, the new law was not a watershed moment for progressivism. Food production and consumption in the United States remained deeply fraught. In the absence of a clearly defined apparatus to enforce the new law and much contestation among policy-makers, business interests, and reformers, the food industry's co-option of reform ideals and rhetoric exemplifies the increasing power of big business over both public policy and mainstream cultural discourse in the United States during the early twentieth century and beyond. While scholars have often framed the push to introduce federal food policy as a fairly linear institutional or political narrative, a cultural historical approach gives new insight into how unresolved questions about purity in food production and consumption have vexed Americans and stymied business interests and policy-makers in ways that have continued to reverberate into the present day.

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Urban agriculture: connecting producers with consumers

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-06-2015-0200 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 118 (3) ◽

pp. 603-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Carolyn Dimitri ◽

Lydia Oberholtzer ◽

Andy Pressman

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Urban Agriculture ◽

Food Production ◽

Social Goals ◽

Farm Size ◽

Median Income ◽

Content Type ◽

The Social ◽

The Usa ◽

Insight Into

Purpose – Urban farming is becoming more common in the USA, as food-based entrepreneurs seek to make money farming in the city. Yet many urban farms are concerned with other factors in addition to food production, and thus have incorporated social goals into their missions. The purpose of this paper is to identify the social missions of urban farms in the USA, their extent, and explores differences and similarities among farms with varying missions. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use primary data collected from a 2012 national survey of urban farmers in the USA. In total, 35 questions, covering the 2012 farm year, targeted production and marketing practices, risks and challenges, information and technical assistance needs, farm size and location, age of primary farmer, and farm characteristics. A multinomial logistic model was used to analyze the social missions of urban farms in the sample. Findings – The authors find that food production is an essential part of the mission for all urban farms. Some farms have social missions, as well, which the survey results indicate are related to food security, education, and community building. The authors find that all urban farms, regardless of their mission, are relatively small and face similar challenges in terms of providing the primary farmer with a living. Farms with explicit social missions, relative to those with a strict market orientation, donate a higher share of food from their farm and are less likely to own farmland. Urban farms located in with lower median income are more likely to have social goals related to building community or improving security food security. Originality/value – Urban agriculture is becoming more prevalent in many developed nations. At the same time, social entrepreneurship is gaining traction. Given the limited ability of urban farms in terms of food production, the social mission of urban farms arises as a possible explanation for the recent growth. This paper provides insight into a new phenomenon, and uses new data to provide insight into size, types of farms, and farmer well-being and address the social missions of urban farms in the USA.

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Community orchards and Hyde’s theory of the gift

Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l alimentation ◽

10.15353/cfs-rcea.v6i3.358 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 126-147

Author(s):

Jennie K Barron

Keyword(s):

Food Production ◽

Food System ◽

Community Building ◽

Social Economy ◽

Food Justice ◽

Human Right ◽

Commodity Production ◽

The Gift ◽

Gift Theory ◽

Insight Into

Food scholars and advocates just have long asserted that commodification is one of the fundamental injustices of our dominant, industrial food system, as it stands in direct opposition to the notion of food as a human right. The informal social economy, with its concerns for solidarity, participation, service, and community building, offers examples of what de-commodification—that holy grail of food justice—might look like. This article reports on one particular informal social economy manifestation of decommodification, the community orchard. The author argues that decommodification must be seen not only as the absence of commodity production but as the presence of a different economy and underlying ethos – that of the gift. Lewis Hyde’s theory of the gift provides a lens through which to understand the profound ways that gifting changes community orchardists’ relationships to land, to food, to labour, and to those who co-produce and enjoy the fruit with them. Gift theory also furthers our understanding of food commons (of which the community orchard is but one example) as decommodified spaces. The author suggests that theorizing community orchards through the lens of gift theory provides insight into the values and mindsets that characterize non-commodity-oriented food production, which is a necessary step in the direction of innovation and the development of models that are more ecological, community-oriented, and just.

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