scholarly journals An insight into artisanal leather making in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Appiah-Brempong ◽  
Helen M. K. Essandoh ◽  
Nana Yaw Asiedu ◽  
Samuel Kwame Dadzie ◽  
Francis Warings Yao Momade
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Chrome Tanning ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Vegetable Tanning ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The production of leather from animal skins and hides through tanning processes began in the pre-historic ages. Despite the origination of new leather making techniques such as chrome tanning which is being employed extensively today, the traditional method of leather production primarily through vegetable tanning is still being practised mostly in artisanal tanneries in developing nations including Ghana. Artisanal leather making, thus, contributes beneficially to rural livelihood. Nevertheless, the growth of this sector has been stifled by the lack of innovative technologies to enhance productivity. This challenge could be partly linked to the knowledge gap on the scientific principles governing artisanal leather production processes. This study, therefore, elaborates on various process steps and materials employed in traditional leather making in Ghana and the scientific principles underlying each of the processes. It also makes a comparison between traditional and modern leather manufacturing processes and identifies knowledge and technological gaps which would inspire in-depth scientific research into artisanal leather making. Graphical abstract

A reconnaissance of tropical resources during Revolutionary years: the role of the Paris Museum d'Histoire Naturelle

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADELEINE LY-TIO-FANE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Joseph Ii

SUMMARY The recent extensive literature on exploration and the resulting scientific advances has failed to highlight the contribution of Austrian enterprise to the study of natural history. The leading role of Joseph II among the neutral powers which assumed the carrying trade of the belligerents during the American War of Independence, furthered the development of collections for the Schönbrunn Park and Gardens which had been set up on scientific principles by his parents. On the conclusion of peace, Joseph entrusted to Professor Maerter a world-encompassing mission in the course of which the Chief Gardener Franz Boos and his assistant Georg Scholl travelled to South Africa to collect plants and animals. Boos pursued the mission to Isle de France and Bourbon (Mauritius and Reunion), conveyed by the then unknown Nicolas Baudin. He worked at the Jardin du Roi, Pamplemousses, with Nicolas Cere, or at Palma with Joseph Francois Charpentier de Cossigny. The linkage of Austrian and French horticultural expertise created a situation fraught with opportunities which were to lead Baudin to the forefront of exploration and scientific research as the century closed in the upheaval of the Revolutionary Wars.

MATERIAL FLOW COST ACCOUNTING (MFCA) – TOOL FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF CORPORATE PRODUCTION PROCESSES

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Hyršlová ◽  
Miroslav Vágner ◽  
Jiří Palásek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Production Processes

The paper focuses on the Material Flow Cost Accounting method (hereinafter the “MFCA”). It presents an application of the MFCA within a manufacturing plant of the largest manufacturer of ceramic tiles in the Czech Republic – the company Lasselsberger. It shows the importance of data acquired from the MFCA system as well as their application for an optimization of manufacturing processes for specific conditions of a manufacturing plant of the company.

Financial Sector in Afghanistan

2016 ◽  
pp. 224-262
Author(s):  
Gunit Singh Marwah ◽  
Vishal Ladhani
Keyword(s):  
Financial Structure ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

In the following chapter, the authors have proposed to throw light on the scheme of financial sector prevalent in Afghanistan. The purpose of this chapter is to give the readers a brief insight on the financial background, policies and regulations in existence in Afghanistan. Adding upon, the authors have made an attempt to suggest a few recommendations to bring the Afghanistan's economy at par with the economy of other developing nations of the world. The authors received substantial amount of assistance from the top-managerial officials of Bakhtar Bank of Afghanistan and from a scholar named Abdul Samad Katawazy. The authors would like to thank AREU, AISA and ACCI for providing access to their published surveys and reports. This particular chapter as a whole focuses on ten basic factors which have the ability to make or break Afghanistan's financial structure and therefore aims to provide an insight into the same.

The Sociological Study of Science and Religion in Context

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Fern Elsdon-Baker ◽  
Will Mason-Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
Fundamental Difficulty ◽  
Insight Into

In this chapter,Elsdon-Baker and Mason-Wilkes review recent debates on science and belief, problematising the philosophicaltenor of current academic and popular discourse and highlighting the limitations of current research. The chapter begins by highlighting the fundamental difficulty with multi- or cross- disciplinary research into science, belief and society – which in part relates to the lack of social science researchers who can adequately provide open minded insight into both ‘science’ and ‘religion’. The authors contend that the nuance and complexity of how these two knowledge systems interact in diverse social contexts can be lost due to implicit disciplinary biases. Too often in academic discourse, they argue, scholars lose sight of the multi-layered and relational ways in which members of a variety of ‘publics’ relate to ‘science’. Rather than assuming that ‘publics’ negative responses to scientific research simply transect various epistemological, ontological, ethical narratives, the authors maintain that we need to situate people’s positions within a complex system of geopolitical, cultural and social contexts that lead to individuals’ positions on scientific issues acting as an identity marker across a spectrum of religious, spiritual, non-religious and atheistic publics.

Current Issues of Developing Methodology and Software Solutions Used in Different Phases of Modelling Additive Production Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Ripetskiy ◽  
Stanislav Vassilyev ◽  
Sergey Zelenov ◽  
Ekaterina Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Structured Data ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Additive Production ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
New Criteria

The mathematical methods and examples considered in the article allow efficient modeling of additive manufacturing processes by formulating a number of new criteria for geometry evaluation for compliance with the technological limitations of the additive manufacturing techniques. The aim of the research is the development of the new techniques, methods, algorithms and structured data aimed to validate the entire chain of additive manufacturing process.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency in Industry 4.0: The Case of Batch Production Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Nota ◽  
Francesco David Nota ◽  
Domenico Peluso ◽  
Alonso Toro Lazo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Batch Processes ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Batch Production ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Cyber Physical Production Systems

We derived a promising approach to reducing the energy consumption necessary in manufacturing processes from the combination of management methodologies and Industry 4.0 technologies. Based on a literature review and experts’ opinions, this work contributes to the efficient use of energy in batch production processes combining the analysis of the overall equipment effectiveness with the study of variables managed by cyber-physical production systems. Starting from the analysis of loss cause identification, we propose a method that obtains quantitative data about energy losses during the execution of batch processes. The contributions of this research include the acquisition of precise information about energy losses and the improvement of value co-creation practices so that energy consumption can be reduced in manufacturing processes. Decision-makers can use the findings to start a virtuous process aiming at carbon footprint and energy costs reductions while ensuring production goals are met.

Implementation of Method and Structure Handling Manipulation Operations to Hydroabrasive Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 616 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Alena Vagaská ◽  
Ján Kmec ◽  
Miroslav Gombár ◽  
Peter Michal
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Theory Theory ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Operational Analysis ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Computational Procedures

The automation of hydro-erosion manufacturing processes comes to increase the demands on engineering works in the preparation of production, at shortening of deadlines for implementation of scientific knowledge into practice, at the design of production processes and at the economization in production processes. This process is associated with extensive utilisation of mathematical methods, using of computational procedures for specific tasks and at the utilisation of methodology of mathematics for methods of formulating solutions. During the solving of problem, there is mostly used: operational analysis, set theory, theory of structures, theory of algorithms and languages.

scholarly journals Spatially resolved texture analysis of Napoleonic War era copper bolts

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1359-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Malamud ◽  
Shirley Northover ◽  
Jon James ◽  
Peter Northover ◽  
Stephen Nneji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Crystallographic Texture ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Mature Phase ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Different Types

The spatial resolution achievable by a time-of-flight neutron strain scanner has been harnessed using a new data analysis methodology (NyRTex) to determine, nondestructively, the spatial variation of crystallographic texture in objects of cultural heritage. Previous studies on the crystallographic texture at the centre of three Napoleonic War era copper bolts, which demonstrated the value of this technique in differentiating between the different production processes of the different types of bolts, were extended to four copper bolts from the wrecks of HMSImpregnable(completed 1786), HMSAmethyst(1799), HMSPomone(1805) and HMSMaeander(1840) along with a cylindrical `segment' of a further incomplete bolt from HMSPomone. These included bolts with works stamps, allowing comparison with documentary accounts of the manufacturing processes used, and the results demonstrated unequivocally that bolts with a `Westwood and Collins' patent stamp were made using the Collins rather than the Westwood process. In some bolts there was a pronounced variation in texture across the cross section. In some cases this is consistent with what is known of the types of hot and cold working used, but the results from the latest study might also suggest that, even in the mature phase of this technology, some hand finishing was sometimes necessary. This examination of bolts from a wider range of dates is an important step in increasing our understanding of the introduction and evolution of copper fastenings in Royal Navy warships.

The Possibilities for Increasing Production Processes Efficiency by Utilizing the Lean Manufacturing Principles

2014 ◽  
Vol 693 ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naděžda Klabusayová
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Value Stream Mapping ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Manufacturing Equipment ◽  
Value Stream ◽  
Production Processes

The paper deals with the issue of increasing production processes efficiency, stabilization and also increasing the labor productivity through the implementation of lean manufacturing principles. Waste reduction and increase in the efficiency of manufacturing processes is a long-term, systematic matter, which requires the utilization of appropriate methods and methodologies. Therefore, this papers points out the growing importance of utilizing certain methods and principles which lead to the reduction of inefficient costs. The Value Stream Mapping (VSM) method, which can quickly point out existing reserves and provides an effective platform for the evaluation of lean manufacturing and Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE) method, which evaluates the effectiveness of used manufacturing equipment are, both analyzed in detail.

scholarly journals Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz’s proposal of ethical norms

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Stefan Konstańczak
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Ethical Concept ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Ethical Norms

Abstract Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz is known primarily as a logician and methodologist. Ethics was a side discipline to his scientific research, which he lectured at Lvov University in the 1930s. Assuming that ethics is a philosophical science, he tried to systematise its contemplations according to the scientific principles developed at the Lvov–Warsaw School of thought. However, in his research he also took into account the philosophical tradition which recognised ethics as one of the chief branches of philosophy. Ajdukiewicz’s submission of ethics to the requirements of logic was related to an attempt to analyse its core concepts. Consequently, an outline of the original ethical concept was developed, but never developed into a system.

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