BOM BUNUH DIRI: ANTARA JIHAD DAN TEROR

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
Imam Mustofa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Suicide Bombing ◽  
Suicide Bombings ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
War Zone ◽  
East Region ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Middle East Region

Policy of western countries, especially the United States against some Muslim countries in the Middle East region led to a backlash and generate assistance in various ways. One way or form of resistance which is by suicide bombing. Even this kind of action does not only happened in the region or the state which is being colonized or war zone, but also often happened in a peaceful country like Indonesia. This paper attempt to uncover the law suicide bombing in perspective of Islamic law by classifying into two, the first suicide bombing as a jihad and second, suicide bombings as terror. This article tries to answer the questions when suicide bombing can be categorized as jihad? What are the conditions or requirements? And when its categorized as terror? The answer in this paper derived from qualitative research. This research is library research toward source texts of Islam, including the fatwas and opinions of ulama, especially contemporary ulama. Author using a theory of maşlahah which is the purpose of shari'a (maqashid al-syariah) as basis for reviewing the legal and categorized of suicide bombing. When a suicide bombing itself include maşlahah by meeting various condition or requirements, then it is categorized as jihad. However, when its performed in peaceful area causes damage that reduces maşlahah, suicide bombing is categorized as terror.

POLIGAMI DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Makrum Makrum
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Controversial Problem ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Interpretation Method

This paper is discusion the polygamy is still a controversial problem, although much discussed and examined. The difference of opinion among scholars make this problem continues to potentially raises the agree and disagree. Even though it has been regulated in Act Number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage and the compilation of Islamic law (KHI), this does not necessarily make the problem of polygamy is complete. Not a few perpetrators of polygamy choose married under the hand or by sirri. This research uses qualitative approach by implementing thematic interpretation method (maudhu'i) to obtain a comprehensive understanding about polygamy in the Qur'an. The Data obtained through the study of a library research by sharing the data that comes from the various verse of the Qur'an, hadith, book fiqh, research results, books and the news in various media outlets in order to complete the interpretation of the verses of polygamy. Based on the results of this research it is known that the verses of the Qur'an gives a very tight restrictions for those who want to in polygamy. Justice that the conditions of polygamy is not only were quantitative but also qualitative research. In the context of historical-socio, the command of polygamy is intended as a form of the solution to avoid injustice to orphans women. Even if polygamy still want to do, should the husband marrying the widows who have lighten the orphan.

Turkey’s foreign policy priorities in the Middle East and Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 228-237
Author(s):  
Marina Shpakovskaya ◽  
Oleg Barnashov ◽  
Arian Mohammad Hassan Shershah ◽  
Asadullah Noori ◽  
Mosa Ziauddin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turkish Foreign Policy ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
East Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle East Region

The article discusses the features and main approaches of Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East. Particular attention is paid to the history of the development of Turkish-American relations. The causes of the contradictions between Turkey and the United States on the security issues of the Middle East region are analyzed. At the same time, the commonality of the approaches of both countries in countering radical terrorism in the territories adjacent to Turkey is noted. The article also discusses the priority areas of Turkish foreign policy, new approaches and technologies in the first decade of the XXI century.

scholarly journals KONTRIBUSI POSITIF ORIENTALISME: KAJIAN ATAS REINHART DOZY (1820-1883 M)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Ghulam Falach
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Library Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Islamic Civilization

The main focus of Orientalist thought is nothing but to reconstruct and influence Islamic civilization. Their enthusiasm to activate orientalism is increasingly challenged by the presence of Islam as a religion that has followers of most of the world's population. One of the actions of orientalism towards the Islamic world is to start a research movement on the Qur'an and al-Hadith which are the basis of the law and guidelines of Muslims. Not far from the critics of the Qur'an and al-Hadith, they also deconstructed aspects of the development of science, Islamic law, and even the originality of Islamic history. Some famous orientalism figures, one of them is Reinhart Dozy, a famous orientelism from the Netherlands with the concept of literacy in the history of Islamic civilization in Spain. Even though he received a lot of criticism and appreciation from both orientalists and Muslim thinkers, his literary work has had a great influence on Islamic civilization. The discussion steps of this study are entirely carried out using qualitative research that is library research. To be more useful and function properly, this paper is equipped with an explanation using the method of description, interpretation and analysis of data in each discussion. This is done, none other than to focus the discussion to produce a consistent and comprehensive understanding.

Sentyment antyamerykański w stosunkach międzynarodowych

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (282) ◽  
pp. 110-122
Author(s):  
Karolina Adamska-Płocic
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
East Region ◽  
The Us ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Middle East Region

The objective of the article is to analyze the anti-American sentiment in international relations. A chronological systematization of particular stages of the development of anti-Americanism aims to illustrate its evolution and the constantly changing perception of the United States by representatives of different cultural circles. It is worth emphasizing that while European anti-Americanism is based mainly on the philosophical foundations, the Islamic anti-Americanism has its roots mainly in the negative assessment of US foreign policy towards the Middle East region. The first strong wave of anti-Americanism flooded the Middle East in 1967 when the US supported Jews during the six-day war. Each subsequent conflict in the Arab world with US involvement only deepens the antagonisms that have persisted since then. Followers of Islam also have objections towards the culture of the United States, which is to be shallow and expansive. It is worth emphasizing, however, that the anti-American sentiment grew and evolved simultaneously with the state that was being formed, which is why it is not possible to recall only one specific reason that causes the country to have as many opponents. While nineteenth century polemics consisted of almost purely theoretical considerations about the superiority of the Old World over the New World, the reality of twenty-first century terror based on hatred for the US, requires serious actions from American diplomacy.

Students' Use of Mobile Technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 460-473
Author(s):  
Hoda Baytiyeh
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

Mobile technologies are all-pervasive in the current digital generation, and college students rely on their mobile phones to communicate on a daily basis. In the midst of the myriad of applications available to download on the mobile, some tools have become more well-known and more often adopted than others. An example of such a tool is WhatsApp, which gains an increasing, widespread number of users on a daily basis, particularly in the Middle East region. The present study investigated college students' use of WhatsApp as a communication tool, and used Lebanon as a case study. A qualitative research design was implemented to understand the perceptions of college students vis-à-vis WhatsApp, and to investigate the motivational factors behind the popularity of this communication tool. The results revealed four themes: simplicity for discussion and coordination, cost-effectiveness, immediacy and sense of belonging.

scholarly journals Obama and Transformation Strategy from the Middle East to the Asia – Pacific Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Mohamed Kamal ◽  
Khalid Hashim Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
East Region ◽  
The Us ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Middle East Region

The Middle East region is no longer enjoys the relative importance for the United States. This was due to the massive discoveries of Shale oil in the United States. Many analysts believe that such discovery led to the decline of the US interest in the Middle East and shifting the orientation towards Asia because of the growing importance of the Southeast Asia in the global economy. The United States, in return, has re-defined the role and the size of involvement in the Middle East by adopting a new strategy based on reducing economic and military consequences resulting from the direct investment in the region, which is rejected by US public opinion.

scholarly journals The American-Turkish Political Relations 1991-2001 A.D.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2451-2458
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mahmood Alaw Al-Samarrae , Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

The U.S. Turkish relations are one of the issues of interest to the researcher in the field of politics as it is a relationship between two important and active parties in the international arena, especially the Middle East region. The United States had a great interest in Turkey's siding with the West. Turkey also found its interest in that, so we found it a member of the NATO. In contrast to the expected after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Turkey's importance in the strategic perception of the United States did not end, especially since Turkey's geographical proximity seemed to be more strained and changing, not to mention the Western model adopted by Turkey, which the United States wants to be an example in the region. The American- Turkish relations for the period (1991-2001) were influenced by radical and fundamental changes. These variables are either internal or international. The internal factors influencing this relationship lie in the Turkish political parties which play a major role in the political process. The other factor is the Kurdish issue, which Turkey is dealing with very cautiously, while the United States has used it as a pressure card on the Turkish governments. It has not pursued a consistent policy on the issue and has always appeared against human  rights violations. The other external factors, including the Cyprus issue, are a source of concern for the alliance strategy between the two countries from the 1960s until the present, and there is the matter of dealing with terrorism especially after the events of 11 September 2001. The other factor is the question of the EU accession which is the Turkish dream and the source of interest for its foreign policy. Which the United States is trying to show that it is the only one who able to persuade the Europeans to accept the membership of Turkey. Turkut Ouzel's government has sought to play a pivotal role at the regional and global levels and in the realization of Turkish interests in the Central Asian republics, the Black Sea basin, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East region, the Arab neighbors, Israel, Iran and the Balkans, beside achieving the economic development and self-sufficiency; efforts are incessant to fulfill those ambitions. Turkey has acted to change the unilateral approach towards the United States and the NATO to another one that includes multilateral policies related to the normalization of relations with the African and Asian worlds as well as neighboring countries.

scholarly journals PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA DAN TOKOH-TOKOHNYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Zulhamdi Zulhamdi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
National School ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
Ownership Of Land

The emergence of new problems or problems in the community that really need legal clarity, all of which have not been answered in either the Qur'an or the Hadith, in connection with the cessation of revelation and the death of the Prophet Muhammad who acted as a mediator between revelation and the reality that lived at that time. The renewal of Islamic law is the solution, the purpose of this paper is to find out the concepts of Islamic law reform and figures who contribute to the renewal of Islamic law. The type of research is descriptive qualitative with library research, namely research that is directed and focused on the study and discussion of library materials that have to do with the problem being studied, Overall, the renewal of Islamic law in Indonesia runs rather slowly compared to other Muslim countries, especially in the Middle East, North Africa, India and Pakistan. However, the realization of the marriage law number 1 of 1974, government regulation number 9 in 1975, Government regulation number 10 of 1983, government regulation number 28 of 1977 concerning the ownership of land, and the realization of the compilation of Indonesian Islamic law in 1991 were the dynamics of renewal of Islamic legal thinking that must be grateful, as for the characters and the ideas are: 1) Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy (Indonesian Jurisprudence); 2) Hazairin: Indonesian National School; 3) Munawir Syadzali: Reactualization of Islamic Law; 4) Ibrahim Hosen: Making Nash Qat'i fun; 5) Ali Yafie and Sahal Mahfuz: Social Jurisprudence.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN WASIAT WAJIBAH TERHADAP NON MUSLIM DITINJAU DARI KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM (KHI) STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NO. 331/K/AG/2018/MA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Liana Noviyanti ◽  
Mulati Mulati
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Supreme Court Decision ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Court Ruling ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Supreme Court Ruling ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Supreme Court

Islamic law has stated that every person of different religion cannot inherit each other, both Muslims inherit for non-Muslims and from non-Muslims inherit for Muslims, but in practice, Judges at the Supreme Court level implement mandatory wills, this is required which has been decided in the Supreme Court Decision Number. 331 / K / AG / 2018 / MA. This study aims to examine how to implement the mandatory non-Muslim wills in the Supreme Court ruling Number. 331 / K / AG / 2018 / MA based on the provisions of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), and what the Supreme Court Judges consider in implementing mandatory testaments against non-Muslims in the Supreme Court Decision Number. 331 / K / AG / 2018 / MA. This research is a normative legal research with the nature of qualitative research with the type of library research. Based on the studies that have been carried out, the Decision of the Supreme Court Number. 331 / K / AG / 2018 / MA does not include legal considerations in force in Indonesia concerning inheritance provisions and concerning the granting of an approved mandatory will set out in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). The application of mandatory wills in the Supreme Court Decision is contrary to the provisions of Islamic Law and the provisions of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). Article 209 paragraphs (1) and (2) concerning mandatory wills.

Social and cultural policies to confront the Takfiri speech in Iraq after the year 2003

2020 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ghaleb Mohi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Political System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
American Occupation ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

The American occupation of Iraq in 2003 represented a detailed event whose repercussions and repercussions affected not only the level of changing the Iraqi political system, but this event had geo-political and strategic long-term dimensions, as the United States of America was able to redraw the paths of the Middle East region again, in line with The strategic dimensions that I planned to achieve.

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