scholarly journals Divergent associations between incident hypertension and deprivation based on different sources of case identification

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Aubé-Maurice ◽  
L. Rochette ◽  
C. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Case Identification ◽  
Physician Billing ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Incident Cases

Introduction Studies suggest that hypertension is more prevalent in the most deprived. Our objective was to examine the association between incident hypertension and deprivation in Quebec based on different modes of case identification, using two administrative databases. Methods We identified new incident cases of hypertension in 2006/2007 in the population aged 20 years plus. Socio-economic status was determined using a material and social deprivation index. Negative binomial regression analyses were carried out to examine the association between incident hypertension and deprivation, adjusting for several covariates. Results We found a positive and statistically significant association between material deprivation and incident hypertension in women, irrespective of the identifying database. Using the hospitalization database, the incidence of hypertension increased for both sexes as deprivation increased, except for social deprivation in women. However, whether using the physician billing database or the validated definition of hypertension obtained by combining data from the two databases, the incidence of hypertension decreased overall as deprivation increased. Conclusion Associations between hypertension and deprivation differ based on the database used: they are generally positively associated with the hospitalization database and inversely with the standard definition and the physician billing database, which suggests a consultation bias in favour of the most socio-economically advantaged.

scholarly journals Mobility and social deprivation on primary care utilisation among paediatric patients with asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e001085
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Lucas ◽  
Miguel Marino ◽  
Sophia Giebultowicz ◽  
Katie Fankhauser ◽  
Shakira F Suglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
High Deprivation ◽  
Care Utilisation ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Children With Asthma

ObjectiveAsthma care is negatively impacted by neighbourhood social and environmental factors, and moving is associated with undesirable asthma outcomes. However, little is known about how movement into and living in areas of high deprivation relate to primary care use. We examined associations between neighbourhood characteristics, mobility and primary care utilisation of children with asthma to explore the relevance of these social factors in a primary care setting.DesignIn this cohort study, we conducted negative binomial regression to examine the rates of primary care visits and annual influenza vaccination and logistic regression to study receipt of pneumococcal vaccination. All models were adjusted for patient-level covariates.SettingWe used data from community health centres in 15 OCHIN states.ParticipantsThe sample included 23 773 children with asthma aged 3–17 across neighbourhoods with different levels of social deprivation from 2012 to 2017. We conducted negative binomial regression to examine the rates of primary care visits and annual influenza vaccination and logistic regression to study receipt of pneumococcal vaccination. All models were adjusted for patient-level covariates.ResultsClinic visit rates were higher among children living in or moving to areas with higher deprivation than those living in areas with low deprivation (rate ratio (RR) 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.17; RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.11). Children moving across neighbourhoods with similarly high levels of deprivation had increased RRs of influenza vaccination (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.23) than those who moved but stayed in neighbourhoods of low deprivation.ConclusionsMovement into and living within areas of high deprivation is associated with more primary care use, and presumably greater opportunity to reduce undesirable asthma outcomes. These results highlight the need to attend to patient movement in primary care visits, and increase neighbourhood-targeted population management to improve equity and care for children with asthma.

scholarly journals Use of Antibiotics among Residents Living Close to Poultry or Goat Farms: A Nationwide Analysis in The Netherlands

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1346
Author(s):  
Inge Roof ◽  
Wim van der Hoek ◽  
Lisette Oude Boerrigter ◽  
Cornelia C. H. Wielders ◽  
Lidwien A. M. Smit
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Postal Code ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Goat Farm

Prior regional studies found a high risk of pneumonia for people living close to poultry and goat farms. This epidemiological study in the Netherlands used nationwide antibiotic prescription data as a proxy for pneumonia incidence to investigate whether residents of areas with poultry and goat farms use relatively more antibiotics compared to areas without such farms. We used prescription data on antibiotics most commonly prescribed to treat pneumonia in adults and livestock farming data, both with nationwide coverage. Antibiotic use was expressed as defined daily doses per (4-digit Postal Code (PC4) area)-(age group)-(gender)-(month) combination for the year 2015. We assessed the associations between antibiotic use and farm exposure using negative binomial regression. The amoxicillin, doxycycline, and co-amoxiclav use was significantly higher (5–10% difference in use) in PC4 areas with poultry farms present compared to areas without, even after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, socio-economic status, and goat farm presence. The adjusted models showed no associations between antibiotic use and goat farm presence. The variables included in this study could only partly explain the observed regional differences in antibiotic use. This was an ecological study that precludes inference about causal relations. Further research using individual-level data is recommended.

Estimating breast, stomach, and colorectal cancer incidence in Colombia through administrative database algorithms: A systematic review of literature and real-world data study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18810-e18810
Author(s):  
Laura Estefania Saldaña Espinel ◽  
Andres Felipe Patiño Benavidez ◽  
Nicolás Rozo Agudelo ◽  
Oscar Andres Gamboa Garay ◽  
Juan Esteban Paneso Echeverry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Administrative Database ◽  
Cancer Case ◽  
Case Identification ◽  
Incident Cancer ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Incident Cases

e18810 Background: Breast, stomach and colorectal cancers have high incidence in Colombia. Official cancer incidence registries depend upon sentinel site reports as there is no nationwide surveillance system. We aimed to identify administrative database algorithms for breast, stomach and colorectal cancer case selection and to compare their cancer incidence estimates to official registries. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to identify algorithms with high positive predictive values (VPP) for breast, stomach and colorectal cancer case identification in administrative databases. For each cancer we selected two algorithms: a sensitive algorithm, based on cancer-specific ICD-10 codes, and a specific algorithm, combining cancer-specific ICD-10 codes with at least one code for oncological procedures. We varied the number of months a cancer-specific ICD-10 code was registered within each algorithm to test for algorithm stability. We conducted a cohort study to estimate incident cancer cases for 2013 in four cancer sentinel cities in Colombia and one cancer reference center using both algorithms. We defined incident cases as cases lacking a cancer-specific ICD-10 code in the preceding two years and adjusted incident cases for type of regimen affiliation. Algorithms with results closest to official sources were selected as best performing algorithms. We used the contributive regimen Capitation Payment Unit administrative database of Colombia for 2011-2014 as source of information. Results: Breast cancer case-identification algorithms have a higher VPP reported in literature (83-100%) compared to colorectal (41.7-94%) and stomach cancer (35-59.7%) algorithms. The closest breast cancer incidence estimates to the official registries Infocancer and National Cancer Institute were yielded by the specific algorithm with ICD-10 codes persisting for four months (n= 672 vs 649 and 397 vs 212, respectively). The closest colorectal cancer cancer incidence estimates to official registries were yielded by the specific algorithm with ICD-10 codes persisting for three months (n= 219 vs 230 and 168 vs 139, respectively). The closest stomach cancer incidence estimates to official registries were yielded by the specific algorithm with ICD-10 codes persisting for one month (n= 122 vs 146 and 99 vs 153, respectively). Sensitive algorithms were less stable than specific algorithms across all three cancer types. Conclusions: Breast, stomach and colorectal incident cancer cases can be identified through administrative databases. VPP vary among types of algorithms and cancers. Specific algorithms provide better breast and colorectal incident cancer case-identification in Colombian administrative databases, compared to stomach cancer algorithms. This is a potential approach for estimating nationwide cancer incidence in Colombia.

Determinants of Overnight Stay in Health Centres and Length of Admission: A Study of Canadian Seniors

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince M. Amegbor ◽  
Kyle B. Plumb ◽  
Mark W. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Chronic Health Conditions ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Hospital Stays

ABSTRACTThis study examines the influence of chronic health conditions and socio-economic status on overnight admission and length of stay among Canadian seniors. Incremental multivariate logistic and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models assessed the relationship between selected predictors, overnight admission, and duration of stay. The findings show that all chronic health conditions and socio-economic factors examined were significantly associated with overnight hospital admission. However, seniors with cardiovascular health conditions, the very old, and seniors living in lower-income households had a greater risk of longer stays. Canadian seniors diagnosed with hypertension, cancer, diabetes, and stroke had greater risk of longer overnight hospital stays. Seniors aged 75 to 79 years, 80 years or older, and those living in lower-income households (≤ $39,999) were more likely to have a longer overnight hospital stay. Findings suggest that improving seniors’ health and socio-economic status may reduce the risk of overnight admission and longer stays of hospitalisation.

scholarly journals Incidence and temporal trends of co-occurring personality disorder diagnoses in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Blaney ◽  
J. Sommer ◽  
R. El-Gabalawy ◽  
C. Bernstein ◽  
R. Walld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shared Risk ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Aims Although immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) are associated with multiple mental health conditions, there is a paucity of literature assessing personality disorders (PDs) in these populations. We aimed to estimate and compare the incidence of any PD in IMID and matched cohorts over time, and identify sociodemographic characteristics associated with the incidence of PD. Methods We used population-based administrative data from Manitoba, Canada to identify persons with incident inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using validated case definitions. Unaffected controls were matched 5:1 on sex, age and region of residence. PDs were identified using hospitalisation or physician claims. We used unadjusted and covariate-adjusted negative binomial regression to compare the incidence of PDs between the IMID and matched cohorts. Results We identified 19 572 incident cases of IMID (IBD n = 6,119, MS n = 3,514, RA n = 10 206) and 97 727 matches overall. After covariate adjustment, the IMID cohort had an increased incidence of PDs (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.72; 95%CI: 1.47–2.01) as compared to the matched cohort, which remained consistent over time. The incidence of PDs was similarly elevated in IBD (IRR 2.19; 95%CI: 1.69–2.84), MS (IRR 1.79; 95%CI: 1.29–2.50) and RA (IRR 1.61; 95%CI: 1.29–1.99). Lower socioeconomic status and urban residence were associated with an increased incidence of PDs, whereas mid to older adulthood (age 45–64) was associated with overall decreased incidence. In a restricted sample with 5 years of data before and after IMID diagnosis, the incidence of PDs was also elevated before IMID diagnosis among all IMID groups relative to matched controls. Conclusions IMID are associated with an increased incidence of PDs both before and after an IMID diagnosis. These results support the relevance of shared risk factors in the co-occurrence of PDs and IMID conditions.

scholarly journals Time Trends of the Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality of Parkinsonism

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
Jessica J. Wong ◽  
Jeffrey C. Kwong ◽  
Karen Tu ◽  
Debra A. Butt ◽  
Ray Copes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

ABSTRACT:Objectives:We assessed trends in the incidence, prevalence, and post-diagnosis mortality of parkinsonism in Ontario, Canada over 18 years. We also explored the influence of a range of risk factors for brain health on the trend of incident parkinsonism.Methods:We established an open cohort by linking population-based health administrative databases from 1996 to 2014 in Ontario. The study population comprised residents aged 20–100 years with an incident diagnosis of parkinsonism ascertained using a validated algorithm. We calculated age- and sex-standardized incidence, prevalence, and mortality of parkinsonism, stratified by young onset (20–39 years) and mid/late onset (≥40 years). We assessed trends in incidence using Poisson regression, mortality using negative binomial regression, and prevalence of parkinsonism and pre-existing conditions (e.g., head injury) using the Cochran–Armitage trend test. To better understand trends in the incidence of mid/late-onset parkinsonism, we adjusted for various pre-existing conditions in the Poisson regression model.Results:From 1996 to 2014, we identified 73,129 incident cases of parkinsonism (source population of ∼10.5 million), of whom 56% were male, mean age at diagnosis was 72.6 years, and 99% had mid/late-onset parkinsonism. Over 18 years, the age- and sex-standardized incidence decreased by 13.0% for mid/late-onset parkinsonism but remained unchanged for young-onset parkinsonism. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence increased by 22.8%, while post-diagnosis mortality decreased by 5.5%. Adjustment for pre-existing conditions did not appreciably explain the declining incidence of mid/late-onset parkinsonism.Conclusion:Young-onset and mid/late-onset parkinsonism exhibited differing trends in incidence over 18 years in Ontario. Further research to identify other factors that may appreciably explain trends in incident parkinsonism is warranted.

scholarly journals Is area deprivation associated with greater impacts of COVID-19 in care homes across England? A preliminary analysis of COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-215039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Malthe Bach-Mortensen ◽  
Michelle Degli Esposti
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Index Of Multiple Deprivation

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted care homes and vulnerable populations, exacerbating existing health inequalities. However, the role of area deprivation in shaping the impacts of COVID-19 in care homes is poorly understood. We examine whether area deprivation is linked to higher rates of COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths among care home residents across upper tier local authorities in England (n=149).MethodsWe constructed a novel dataset from publicly available data. Using negative binomial regression models, we analysed the associations between area deprivation (Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) extent) as the exposure and COVID-19 outbreaks, COVID-19-related deaths and all-cause deaths among care home residents as three separate outcomes—adjusting for population characteristics (size, age composition, ethnicity).ResultsCOVID-19 outbreaks in care homes did not vary by area deprivation. However, COVID-19-related deaths were more common in the most deprived quartiles of IDAOPI (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.23, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.47) and IMD extent (IRR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34), compared with the least deprived quartiles.DiscussionThese findings suggest that area deprivation is a key risk factor in COVID-19 deaths among care home residents. Future research should look to replicate these results when more complete data become available.

scholarly journals Association between fatality rate of COVID-19 and selenium deficiency in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Yang Zhang ◽  
An-Ran Zhang ◽  
Qing-Bin Lu ◽  
Xiao-Ai Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Binomial Regression

Abstract Background COVID-19 has impacted populations around the world, with the fatality rate varying dramatically across countries. Selenium, as one of the important micronutrients implicated in viral infections, was suggested to play roles. Methods An ecological study was performed to assess the association between the COVID-19 related fatality and the selenium content both from crops and topsoil, in China. Results Totally, 14,045 COVID-19 cases were reported from 147 cities during 8 December 2019–13 December 2020 were included. Based on selenium content in crops, the case fatality rates (CFRs) gradually increased from 1.17% in non-selenium-deficient areas, to 1.28% in moderate-selenium-deficient areas, and further to 3.16% in severe-selenium-deficient areas (P = 0.002). Based on selenium content in topsoil, the CFRs gradually increased from 0.76% in non-selenium-deficient areas, to 1.70% in moderate-selenium-deficient areas, and further to 1.85% in severe-selenium-deficient areas (P < 0.001). The zero-inflated negative binomial regression model showed a significantly higher fatality risk in cities with severe-selenium-deficient selenium content in crops than non-selenium-deficient cities, with incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 3.88 (95% CIs: 1.21–12.52), which was further confirmed by regression fitting the association between CFR of COVID-19 and selenium content in topsoil, with the IRR of 2.38 (95% CIs: 1.14–4.98) for moderate-selenium-deficient cities and 3.06 (1.49–6.27) for severe-selenium-deficient cities. Conclusions Regional selenium deficiency might be related to an increased CFR of COVID-19. Future studies are needed to explore the associations between selenium status and disease outcome at individual-level.

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