scholarly journals Practising Appropriate Ethics in Exercise and Sport Science Research

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Michael CHIA ◽  
John WANG ◽  
Jin Jong QUEK
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Sport Science ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
Ethics In Research

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.This commentary paper addresses the principal issues in practicing appropriate ethics in research in exercise and sport science. Ethical considerations include the suitability of the research question, appropriate research design and statistical analysis and the presentation and publication of the research findings. Special mention is given to research involving young people and the need to be aware of cultural and religious sensitivities.本文簡要探討運動和體育科學研究的道德規範。所討論的五大標題包括研究目標和假設，研究方法，統計過程，研究報吿與論文發表。其重點是著重在以青少年為研究對象的研究。

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE ACQUISITION OF INFORMATION QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH MADE BY THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK SARASWATI DENPASAR IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2009/2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169
Author(s):  
Dewa Gede Agung Gana Kumara
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Academic Year

This study was undertaken in order to assess the acquisition of information questions by the eleventh grade students of SMK Saraswati Denpasar in academic year 2009/2010. The undertaking of the study was motivated by the fact that information questions are the fundamental basis of good communication skills in English. This study was intended to answer the research question: To what extent is the acquisition of the eleventh grade students of SMK Saraswati Denpasar in constructing information question in English. This study made use of an ex-post facto research design. The population of the study was the eleventh grade students of accountancy department which consists of two classes with the total students of 79 altogether. They were considered to have homogeneous characteristic. In this study, only 40 students were determined as the objects by using quota random sampling technique with lottery system. The data obtained in the study which were in the form of raw scores showing the subjects’ acquisition of information questions of the eleventh grade students of SMK Saraswati Denpasar, were analyzed with norm reference measure with five standard values. It clearly showed that: (1) there are 5 subjects (12.5%) out of 40 subjects under study who got excellent ability in asking information questions in English, (2) there are 11 subjects (27.5%) out of 40 subjects under study who got good ability in asking information questions in English. (3) there are 13 subjects (32.5%) out of 40 subjects under study who got sufficient ability in asking information questions in English and (4) there are 11 subjects (27.5%) out of 40 subjects under study who got insufficient ability in asking information questions in English. In general these research findings revealed that the acquisition of information questions by the eleventh grade students of SMK Saraswati Denpasar is remarked as good, where the number of subjects who got insufficient acquisition in information questions were under 50% or half of the number of subjects understudy. The number of students who got insufficient acquisition in information questions is only 11 subjects or 27.5% out of 40 subjects understudy. The findings of the study have limited validity and reliability, because it made use of an ex-post facto research design. Therefore, the research findings should be carefully depended upon.

Nursing’s professional respect as experienced by hospital and community nurses

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Stievano ◽  
Sue Bellass ◽  
Gennaro Rocco ◽  
Douglas Olsen ◽  
Laura Sabatino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Recognition Respect ◽  
Time To Build ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Qualitative Focus Groups

Background: There is growing awareness that patient care suffers when nurses are not respected. Therefore, to improve outcomes for patients, it is crucial that nurses operate in a moral work environment that involves both recognition respect, a form of respect that ought to be accorded to every single person, and appraisal respect, a recognition of the relative and contingent value of respect modulated by the relationships of the healthcare professionals in a determined context. Research question/aim: The purpose of this study was to develop better understandings of perceptions of nursing’s professional respect in community and hospital settings in England. Research design: The research design was qualitative. Focus groups were chosen as the most appropriate method for eliciting discussion about nursing’s professional respect. Participants and research context: A total of 62 nurses who had been qualified for at least a year and were working in two localities in England participated in this study. Methods: Data were collected using 11 focus group sessions. The data were analysed by means of an inductive content analysis, extracting meaning units from the information retrieved and classifying the arising phenomena into conceptually meaningful categories and themes. Ethical considerations: To conduct the research, permission was obtained from the selected universities. Results: Recognition respect of human beings was perceived as ingrained in the innermost part of nurses. Regarding appraisal respect, a great importance was placed on: the interactions among healthcare professionals, the time to build trust in these relationships, the influences of the workplace characteristics and nurses’ professional autonomy and decision-making. Conclusion: Recognition respect of persons was embedded in the inmost part of nurses as individuals. Concerning appraisal respect, it was thought to be deeply enshrined in the inter- and intra-healthcare professional interactions. The forging of trusting relationships over time was deemed to be strongly associated with good quality interactions with other healthcare professionals.

Intraindividual Variability in Development Within and Between Individuals

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Nesselroade
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Factor Analytic

A focus on the study of development and other kinds of changes in the whole individual has been one of the hallmarks of research by Magnusson and his colleagues. A number of different approaches emphasize this individual focus in their respective ways. This presentation focuses on intraindividual variability stemming from Cattell's P-technique factor analytic proposals, making several refinements to make it more tractable from a research design standpoint and more appropriate from a statistical analysis perspective. The associated methods make it possible to study intraindividual variability both within and between individuals. An empirical example is used to illustrate the procedure.

Communicating about the brain in the digital era

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Robillard ◽  
Emily Wight
Keyword(s):  
Brain Health ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Participatory Communication ◽  
Health Decision Making ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Health Decision ◽  
Dissemination Of Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Science Community

Neuroscience communication is at a turning point, with tremendous opportunity for growth and democratization. The rise of the web and social media as platforms for dissemination of research findings and stakeholder engagement presents both unique opportunities and critical ethical considerations. Online- and mobile-based information and services for brain health may enhance the autonomy of users in health decision-making. However, nonadherence to ethical norms, such as informed consent and conflict of interest by digital content creators, may lead to harm. The challenges of communicating neuroscience in the digital era will require the rejection of the traditional top-down dissemination of research findings by the science community. Communicators must embrace participatory communication models, frame science in non-sensationalized, lay-friendly terms, improve the ethics of online resources and web users’ ability to assess the quality of information and source material, and educate scientists in the importance of transparency and public engagement.

scholarly journals Has the Credibility of the Social Sciences Been Credibly Destroyed? Reanalyzing the “Many Analysts, One Data Set” Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110244
Author(s):  
Katrin Auspurg ◽  
Josef Brüderl
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Causal Reasoning ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of

In 2018, Silberzahn, Uhlmann, Nosek, and colleagues published an article in which 29 teams analyzed the same research question with the same data: Are soccer referees more likely to give red cards to players with dark skin tone than light skin tone? The results obtained by the teams differed extensively. Many concluded from this widely noted exercise that the social sciences are not rigorous enough to provide definitive answers. In this article, we investigate why results diverged so much. We argue that the main reason was an unclear research question: Teams differed in their interpretation of the research question and therefore used diverse research designs and model specifications. We show by reanalyzing the data that with a clear research question, a precise definition of the parameter of interest, and theory-guided causal reasoning, results vary only within a narrow range. The broad conclusion of our reanalysis is that social science research needs to be more precise in its “estimands” to become credible.

scholarly journals Are you really using Yarning research? Mapping Social and Family Yarning to strengthen Yarning research quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 117718012110154
Author(s):  
Petah Atkinson ◽  
Marilyn Baird ◽  
Karen Adams
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Participant Recruitment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Missing Feature ◽  
Published Research

Yarning as a research method has its grounding as an Aboriginal culturally specified process. Significant to the Research Yarn is relationality, however; this is a missing feature of published research findings. This article aims to address this. The research question was, what can an analysis of Social and Family Yarning tell us about relationality that underpins a Research Yarn. Participant recruitment occurred using convenience sampling, and data collection involved Yarning method. Five steps of data analysis occurred featuring Collaborative Yarning and Mapping. Commonality existed between researcher and participants through predominantly experiences of being a part of Aboriginal community, via Aboriginal organisations and Country. This suggests shared explicit and tacit knowledge and generation of thick data. Researchers should report on their experience with Yarning, the types of Yarning they are using, and the relationality generated from the Social, Family and Research Yarn.

Enhancing the professional dignity of midwives: A phenomenological study

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Froneman ◽  
Neltjie C van Wyk ◽  
Ramadimetja S Mogale
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Team Members ◽  
University Of Pretoria ◽  
Phenomenological Research Design ◽  
The University ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: When midwives are not treated with respect and their professional competencies are not recognised, their professional dignity is violated. Objective: This study explored and described how the professional dignity of midwives in the selected hospital can be enhanced based on their experiences. Research design: A descriptive phenomenological research design was used with in-depth interviews conducted with 15 purposely selected midwives. Ethical considerations: The Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee of the University of Pretoria approved the study. The research was conducted in an academic tertiary hospital with voluntary participants. Findings: To dignify midwives it is essential to enhance the following: ‘to acknowledge the capabilities of midwives’, ‘to appreciate interventions of midwives’, ‘to perceive midwives as equal health team members’, ‘to invest in midwives’, ‘to enhance collegiality’, ‘to be cared for by management’ and ‘to create conducive environments’. Conclusion: The professional dignity of midwives is determined by their own perspectives of the contribution that they make to the optimal care of patients, the respect that they get from others and the support that hospital management gives them. With support and care, midwives’ professional dignity is enhanced. Midwives will strive to render excellent services as well as increasing their commitment.

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