scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN CAMPURAN ZEOLIT DAN FLY ASH BATUBARAYANG TELAH DIAKTIVASI FISIK TERHADAP AKSELERASI MESIN SEPEDA MOTOR 4-LANGKAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herry Wardono ◽  
Ahmad Yudi Eka Risano ◽  
Adi Ernadi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Temperature Activation

Energy consumption in Indonesia is quite high, almost 96% is supplied from fossil fuel ( crude oil 48%, gases 18%, and coal 30%). From the total of energy consumption, it can be seen that almost 50% is gasoline. Thus, it is necessary to attain a certain aim in saving fossil fuel consumption. One of the ways is the utilization of zeolite and coal fly ash mixture as engine air filter. The mixture of zeolite and coal fly ash have a specific ability to trap nitrogen gases and water vapor in air, so that only oxygen enters the combustion chamber. Thus, the combustion process reaches the optimal condition and engine performance works better. Before applying, zeolite and fly ash were mixed with the comparisons of zeolite 0% : fly ash 100%, zeolite 25% : fly ash 75%, zeolite 50% : fly ash 50%, zeolite 75% : fly ash 25%, and zeolite 100% : fly ash 0%. The mixture of zeolite and fly ash was made in the form of pellet and activated physically within the temperature of 100 ºC (naturally), 150 ºC, 175 ºC, 200 ºC, and 225 ºC. Wheres various mass filter used were 50% (13,75 grams), 75% (20,62 grams) and 100% (27,50 grams). The pellets were arranged resemble a filter and place on the case of engine air filter. The purpose of this testing is to find out the effect of temperature activation and the filter mass variations as well as the composition of zeolite and fly ash mixture toward the performance of four step gasoline engine in acceleration testing. The best acceleration achieved is 12,61% (2,41 seconds faster ) taken from the test using filter of Z50:F50 mixture, with mass variation of 100% within temperature of 225 °C.Keywords: Filter of zeolite and coal fly ash,air adsorbent, engine acceleration.

scholarly journals Composition and Morphology Characteristics of Magnetic Fractions of Coal Fly Ash Wastes Processed in High-Temperature Exposure in Thermal Power Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh-Hieu Vu ◽  
Hoang-Bac Bui ◽  
Bahareh Kalantar ◽  
Xuan-Nam Bui ◽  
Dinh-An Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Magnetic Components

Coal-fired power stations are one of the primary sources of power generation in the world. This will produce considerable amounts of fly ash from these power stations each year. To highlight the potential environmental hazards of these materials, this study is carried out to evaluate the characterization of fly ashes produced in thermal power plants in northern Vietnam. Fly ash was firstly fractionated according to size, and the fractions were characterized. Then, each of these fractions was analyzed with regard to their mineralogical features, morphological and physicochemical properties. The analytical results indicate a striking difference in terms of the characteristics of particles. It was found that magnetic fractions are composed of magnetite hematite and, to a lower rate, mullite, and quartz. Chemical analyses indicate that the non-magnetic components mainly consist of quartz and mullite as their primary mineral phases. As the main conclusion of this research, it is found that the magnetic and non-magnetic components differ in terms of shape, carbon content and mineralogical composition. In addition, it was found that magnetic components can be characterized as more spheroidal components compared to non-magnetic ones. This comprehensive characterization not only offers a certain guideline regarding the uses of different ash fractions but it will also provide valuable information on this common combustion process.

Simulation on Effect of EGR on Oxy-Fuel IC Engine

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 790-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Zhi Jun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Working Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Heat

Internal combustion Rankine cycle engine uses oxygen instead of air as oxidant during the combustion process in gasoline engine. Recycled fluid is employed to control the reaction rate and recycles the exhaust heat inside the cylinder as well. CO2 could be recaptured after separated from the exhaust gas (CO2 and water vapor) during condensation, and an ultra-low emission working cycle is achieved. Considering the side effects of water injection process, EGR is employed to control the combustion process and thermal efficiency of the oxy-fuel combustion cycle is calculated and optimized in this paper. Results show that the application of EGR could slow down the combustion process effectively, and appropriate EGR rate matched with ignition timing would control the reaction rate and cylinder pressure, therefore enhance the engine performance.

PIXE ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES IN COAL FLY ASH

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. HATORI ◽  
S. MATSUYAMA ◽  
K. ISHII ◽  
A. TERAKAWA ◽  
Y. KIKUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Individual Particles ◽  
Waste Coal

Consumption of coal is increasing as an alternative for petroleum. During the process, coal fly ash particles are produced and are disposed as an industrial waste. Coal ash contains toxic heavy metals, which leads to a concern about the possibility of leakage into environment. The spatial distribution and chemical form as well as elemental concentration of the toxic elements in the particles are important factors in assessing the leakage into the environment. In this study, we analyzed individual coal fly ash particles with 1 µm spatial resolution by using the simultaneous micro-PIXE/RBS/off-axis STIM system at Tohoku University. Eighty fly ash particles were analyzed. The particles are mainly composed of O , Si and Al and estimated as dioxide. Hydrogen and carbon are not observed in these particles. V , Zn , Sr , Cu , Ni , Mn , Cr and As are contained in the particles. The content of each element is quite different in each particle. These elements are distributed homogeneously. As an exception, Al , Ca , Fe , Zn , As and Zr are distributed on the surface of the particle which might be related to the combustion process.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Coal Fly Ash Using Citric Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 012040
Author(s):  
Pramesti Prihutami ◽  
Wahyudi Budi Sediawan ◽  
Widi Astuti ◽  
Agus Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Effect Of Temperature

scholarly journals Effect of Side Gapping Spark Plug on Engine Performance and Emission

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6145-6148
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Emission Effect

Gasoline ignition system in automobiles is still one of the world's main fuel consumption today. The spark plug is one of the key features of a gasoline engine during the combustion process. The incompatibility between the width of the plug and the combustion engine fuel used causes a backfire and a knock. The spark plug gap had therefore been investigated in order to improve the engine's performance by controlling the combustion process. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effect of side gapping spark plug engine performance and emission. The selected type of spark plug being used for this study is cooper spark plug. This study has examined the parameters of side gapping spark plug gap (0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.2 mm) and of revolution per minutes RPM (1000 rpm, 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2500 rpm, 3000rpm, 3500 rpm, 4000 rpm, 4500 rpm and 5000 rpm) also the emission effect in term of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and oxygen (O2 ). In this test, performance and power are showed an increment of side gapping spark plug. Other than that, this study is also showed positive results where the reduction in the percentage of opacity is demonstrated. Since the result has obtained for engine performance and emission showed positive outcome, this study can be used in future and highly recommended for continue with different type of spark plug.

Effect of Temperature on Phase Composition of Sintering Coal Fly Ash with Ammonium Sulfate

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 3088-3092
Author(s):  
Yu Sheng Wu ◽  
Jiao Chen ◽  
Lai Shi Li ◽  
Ming Chun Li ◽  
Ping Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
New Processing ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Rising Time

The new processing technology of extraction alumina by sintering coal fly ash with ammonium sulfate was studied. The phase evolutions of the sintered coal fly ash in different temperature schemes were characterized by X-ray diffractometry. The alumina extraction efficiency of sintered coal fly ash obtained from different sintering temperature schemes had also been investigated. The results show that the sintering temperature and holding time markedly influence the phase composition and alumina extraction efficiency of sintered coal fly ash, while the temperature rising time has little influence on it. The optimal temperature scheme for sintering coal fly ash with ammonium sulfate has been eventually confirmed that increasing temperature from ambient temperature to 400 °C for 1 h and heating for 3 h in air and the alumina extraction efficiency from as-sintered coal fly ash can reach 85.6%.

scholarly journals Coal Fly Ash Waste, a Low-Cost Adsorbent for the Removal of Mordant Orange Dye from Aqueous Media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Rosa ◽  
Angela Martins ◽  
Maria Santos ◽  
Teodoro Trindade ◽  
Nelson Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Studies ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
End Use

In this study, a coal fly ash material generated in a Portuguese coal thermal powerplant was tested as a low-cost adsorbent to remove dye molecules. Pre-treatment of the coal fly ash samples was not performed in order to reduce end use cost. Physical and chemical characterization revealed their inert nature and low effects lixiviation in aqueous media. Preliminary adsorption studies include adsorbent quantity, and adsorption kinetics. The adsorption studies focused on Mordant Orange 1 (Mo1) dye, but two other molecules, Rhodamine B (RhB) and Methylene Blue (MeB) were also included for comparison reasons. The adsorption isotherms were tested with different models including Langmuir, Freundlich and modified Langmuir-Freundlich. The effect of temperature, pH and unburn carbon in the adsorption process were also studied. The results show that adsorption capacity of the coal fly ash occurs mainly due to electroestatic interactions between the adsorbent surface and the adsorbate, which depends on the pH of the aqueous media and the surface chemistry of the material, quantified by the point of zero charge, pHpzc. These joint effects are responsible for the higher retention of Mo1 that is about 16 times higher, when compared to the other two molecules tested.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Morphology, Phase Transformations and Thermal Expansions of Coal Fly Ash Cenospheres

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Thye Foo Choo ◽  
Mohamad Amran Mohd Salleh ◽  
Kuan Ying Kok ◽  
Khamirul Amin Matori ◽  
Suraya Abdul Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Aluminosilicate Glass ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Mullite Phase ◽  
Phase Ordering ◽  
Field Emission Electron Microscopy

Cenospheres are small, hard-shelled hollow spheres with high silica and alumina content. These micron-sized aluminosilicate hollow spheres constitute only a small percentage of the coal fly ash (CFA) obtained from the coal combustion processes. In this study, cenospheres were separated from CFA obtained from a coal-fired power plant located in Kapar, Malaysia. The cenospheres were heated at 1000, 1200 and 1400 °C to study the changes in morphologies, compositions, phase formation and thermal expansion. The sintering temperatures were selected based on the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve results. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), field emission electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) as well as thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry analysis (TG–DSC) were used for the characterization study. The study found that the cenospheres have excellent weight stability but are thermally unstable as a result of crystallization and melting. The phase ordering process and devitrification of the amorphous aluminosilicate glass phase at high temperatures lead to the increment and enrichment of the mullite phase in cenospheres. It is suggested that a preheating treatment at 1100 °C could be used to enhance the mechanical properties and thermally stabilize the cenospheres, which make it more suitable for use as a pore-forming agent in ceramics.

Estimation and Prediction of In-Cylinder Chemical Species in a Gasoline Engine for Control Purposes

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Giansetti ◽  
Y. Chamaillard ◽  
P. Higelin ◽  
A. Charlet
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Luenberger Observer ◽  
Performance And Emissions

To simultaneously reduce pollutant emissions and maximize the efficiency of spark ignition engines, several technologies have been developed that must be precisely controlled. For example, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is used to minimize NOx production, and running SI engines lean increases the global efficiency. Both these technologies have a deep impact not only on the air mass inside the cylinder, but also on the composition of the enclosed gas. Intake manifold pressure and temperature coupled to a combustion equation permit an estimate of the in-cylinder gas composition which is predominant for combustion process behavior. In-cylinder gas composition must be known before the injection of the fuel is performed, to control the engine performance and emissions. This paper proposes a linear Luenberger observer based on a physical model to predict in-cylinder gas composition for engine control purposes.

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