Simulation on Effect of EGR on Oxy-Fuel IC Engine

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 790-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Zhi Jun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Working Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Heat

Internal combustion Rankine cycle engine uses oxygen instead of air as oxidant during the combustion process in gasoline engine. Recycled fluid is employed to control the reaction rate and recycles the exhaust heat inside the cylinder as well. CO2 could be recaptured after separated from the exhaust gas (CO2 and water vapor) during condensation, and an ultra-low emission working cycle is achieved. Considering the side effects of water injection process, EGR is employed to control the combustion process and thermal efficiency of the oxy-fuel combustion cycle is calculated and optimized in this paper. Results show that the application of EGR could slow down the combustion process effectively, and appropriate EGR rate matched with ignition timing would control the reaction rate and cylinder pressure, therefore enhance the engine performance.

Ethers and esters as alternative fuels for internal combustion engine: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110464
Author(s):  
Yang Hua
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Ic Engine

Ether and ester fuels can work in the existing internal combustion (IC) engine with some important advantages. This work comprehensively reviews and summarizes the literatures on ether fuels represented by DME, DEE, DBE, DGM, and DMM, and ester fuels represented by DMC and biodiesel from three aspects of properties, production and engine application, so as to prove their feasibility and prospects as alternative fuels for compression ignition (CI) and spark ignition (SI) engines. These studies cover the effects of ether and ester fuels applied in the form of single fuel, mixed fuel, dual-fuel, and multi-fuel on engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. The evaluation indexes mainly include torque, power, BTE, BSFC, ignition delay, heat release rate, pressure rise rate, combustion duration, exhaust gas temperature, CO, HC, NOx, PM, and smoke. The results show that ethers and esters have varying degrees of impact on engine performance, combustion and emissions. They can basically improve the thermal efficiency of the engine and reduce particulate emissions, but their effects on power, fuel consumption, combustion process, and CO, HC, and NOx emissions are uncertain, which is due to the coupling of operating conditions, fuel molecular structure, in-cylinder environment and application methods. By changing the injection strategy, adjusting the EGR rate, adopting a new combustion mode, adding improvers or synergizing multiple fuels, adverse effects can be avoided and the benefits of oxygenated fuel can be maximized. Finally, some challenges faced by alternative fuels and future research directions are analyzed.

scholarly journals One-Dimensional Simulation Using Port Water Injection for a Spark Ignition Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 5803-5814 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Ling ◽  
M. A. Abas
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Baseline Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Model Water

Water injection is a promising solution to reduce fuel consumption while improving the performance of a turbocharged gasoline engine. One-dimensional (1D) engine simulation software, AVL BOOST is rarely used to model water injection. Therefore, this study is aimed to demonstrate the detailed port water injection modelling via AVL BOOST. A four-cylinder turbocharged gasoline engine was developed in AVL BOOST based on the specification of the engine test rig and verified to be used as the baseline model. The port water injection modelling was then added to the baseline model. Water to fuel mass ratios of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 were chosen as the variables to investigate the effect of water injection on the engine performance. The results showed that maximum engine torque and IMEP increased by 10.80% and 8.65%, respectively at 3000 rpm. The water injection also reduced the in-cylinder pressure at the end of the compression stroke, reducing the compression work and improving efficiency. The reduction of combustion temperature also indicates potential for NOx reduction. The lower exhaust temperature can reduce the use of fuel enrichment which consequently reduces the fuel consumption. Conclusively, the water injection model can predict the engine performance parameters accurately.

scholarly journals Investigation of Performance and Emission Parameters of Hydroxygen (HHO)-Enriched Diesel Fuel with Water Injection in the Compression Ignition Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-562
Author(s):  
Romualdas Juknelevičius ◽  
Alfredas Rimkus ◽  
Saugirdas Pukalskas ◽  
Stanislaw Szwaja
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Ci Engines

The development of engine technologies and research on combustion processes are focused on finding new generation CI engines with simple control of the combustion process while efficiently maintaining desirable engine performance and meeting emission regulations. This comprehensive study on the relatively low hydrogen energy fraction (0.65–1.80%), supplied by onboard water electrolysers and on water injection, was performed on the performance and emission parameters of the CI engine. The article presents results of both experiment and simulation about the effect of hydroxygen and water injection on the combustion process, auto-ignition delay, combustion intensity, the temperature of the mixture and engine performance at BMEP of 0.2 MPa, 0.4 MPa, 0.6 MPa, and 0.8 MPa at a speed of 1900 rpm. For the first part, the test engine operated with diesel fuel with 3.5 L/min of hydroxygen gas supplied with an external mixture formation. The HHO has an effect on the combustion process at all range of BMEP. A decrease in BTE and increase in BSFC were noticed during tests. The peak pressure and the rate of heat release decreased, but the NOx decreased as well. The second part of experiment was performed with the injection of a substantial amount of water, 8.4–17.4 kg/h (140–290 cm3/min), and the same amount of hydroxygen. The injection of water further decreased the NOx; therefore, HHO and WI can be used to meet emission regulations. A simulation of the combustion process was carried out with the AVL BOOST sub-program BURN. The AVL BOOST simulation provided a detailed view of the in-cylinder pressure, pressure-rise, combustion intensity shape parameter and SOC.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN CAMPURAN ZEOLIT DAN FLY ASH BATUBARAYANG TELAH DIAKTIVASI FISIK TERHADAP AKSELERASI MESIN SEPEDA MOTOR 4-LANGKAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herry Wardono ◽  
Ahmad Yudi Eka Risano ◽  
Adi Ernadi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Temperature Activation

Energy consumption in Indonesia is quite high, almost 96% is supplied from fossil fuel ( crude oil 48%, gases 18%, and coal 30%). From the total of energy consumption, it can be seen that almost 50% is gasoline. Thus, it is necessary to attain a certain aim in saving fossil fuel consumption. One of the ways is the utilization of zeolite and coal fly ash mixture as engine air filter. The mixture of zeolite and coal fly ash have a specific ability to trap nitrogen gases and water vapor in air, so that only oxygen enters the combustion chamber. Thus, the combustion process reaches the optimal condition and engine performance works better. Before applying, zeolite and fly ash were mixed with the comparisons of zeolite 0% : fly ash 100%, zeolite 25% : fly ash 75%, zeolite 50% : fly ash 50%, zeolite 75% : fly ash 25%, and zeolite 100% : fly ash 0%. The mixture of zeolite and fly ash was made in the form of pellet and activated physically within the temperature of 100 ºC (naturally), 150 ºC, 175 ºC, 200 ºC, and 225 ºC. Wheres various mass filter used were 50% (13,75 grams), 75% (20,62 grams) and 100% (27,50 grams). The pellets were arranged resemble a filter and place on the case of engine air filter. The purpose of this testing is to find out the effect of temperature activation and the filter mass variations as well as the composition of zeolite and fly ash mixture toward the performance of four step gasoline engine in acceleration testing. The best acceleration achieved is 12,61% (2,41 seconds faster ) taken from the test using filter of Z50:F50 mixture, with mass variation of 100% within temperature of 225 °C.Keywords: Filter of zeolite and coal fly ash,air adsorbent, engine acceleration.

scholarly journals Chemical kinetic analysis of in-cylinder ion current generation under direct water injection within internal combustion Rankine cycle engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-161
Author(s):  
Zhe Kang ◽  
Yang Lv ◽  
Nanxi Zhou ◽  
Lezhong Fu ◽  
Jun Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Current Signal ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Direct Water Injection

Direct water injection provides feasible solution for combustion optimization and efficiency enhancement within internal combustion Rankine cycle engine, while the feedback signal of close-loop direct water injection control is still absent. Ion current detection monitors in-cylinder electron variation which shows potential in revealing direct water injection process. For better understanding of unprecedented augment of ion current signal under direct water injection within internal combustion Rankine cycle engine, a chemical kinetic model is established to calculate the effect of intake oxygen fraction, fuel quantity, initial temperature and residual water vapor on in-cylinder electron formation based on GRI Mech 3.0 and ion current skeleton mechanism. The simulation results indicate direct water injection process show significant impact on in-cylinder electron formation through chemical interactions between H2O and other intermedia species including HO2, O2, CH3 and H, these reactions provides additional OH radical for propane oxidation facilitation, which result in large portion of CH radical formation and therefore, lead to higher in-cylinder electron generation. The initial temperature plays a vital role in determining whether residual water vapor show positive or negative effect by in-cylinder temperature coordination of direct water injection. Results of this work can be used to explain phenomenon related to direct water injection and ion current signal variation under both internal combustion Rankine cycle or traditional petrol engine.

scholarly journals Effect of Side Gapping Spark Plug on Engine Performance and Emission

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6145-6148
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Emission Effect

Gasoline ignition system in automobiles is still one of the world's main fuel consumption today. The spark plug is one of the key features of a gasoline engine during the combustion process. The incompatibility between the width of the plug and the combustion engine fuel used causes a backfire and a knock. The spark plug gap had therefore been investigated in order to improve the engine's performance by controlling the combustion process. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effect of side gapping spark plug engine performance and emission. The selected type of spark plug being used for this study is cooper spark plug. This study has examined the parameters of side gapping spark plug gap (0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.2 mm) and of revolution per minutes RPM (1000 rpm, 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2500 rpm, 3000rpm, 3500 rpm, 4000 rpm, 4500 rpm and 5000 rpm) also the emission effect in term of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and oxygen (O2 ). In this test, performance and power are showed an increment of side gapping spark plug. Other than that, this study is also showed positive results where the reduction in the percentage of opacity is demonstrated. Since the result has obtained for engine performance and emission showed positive outcome, this study can be used in future and highly recommended for continue with different type of spark plug.

scholarly journals Effect of Preheated Pure Oxygen on IC Engine Performance using Heat Pipe Exhaust Heat Recovery Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1892-1897
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Output Response ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Exhaust Heat Recovery

Nowadays, the requirements and dependency of people on vehicles are increasing day by day which lead to high emission of flue gases and it results in the severe environment pollution. Many researchers have done research to improve the efficiency of IC engine. The main reason for less efficiency is the incomplete combustion of fuel in the IC engine. To improve the efficiency, we carried out the experiments with two stroke petrol engine by supplying preheated pure oxygen instead of air. The oxygen is preheated by the exhaust heat recovery system using heat pipe. In this research work, engine performance is analyzed in two ways primarily by using the pure oxygen and secondly by using the pre-heated pure oxygen through heat pipe. The output response in this work is brake thermal efficiency without heat pipe (without inlet-air-preheating) and with heat pipe (with inlet air preheating). The output response is calculated with the use of numerical formula. Exhaust gases energy is used to preheat the inlet pure oxygen supplied to petrol engine with the help of heat pipe. A heat pipe without bend is used here in which working fluid is water. Experimental results show that there is an increase in brake thermal efficiency with use of heat pipe

Experimental Study of Ion Current Signals and Characteristics in an Internal Combustion Rankine Cycle Engine Based on Water Injection

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Kang ◽  
Zhijun Wu ◽  
Lezhong Fu ◽  
Jun Deng ◽  
Zongjie Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Current Signal ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Current Detection

The internal combustion Rankine cycle (ICRC) engine utilizes pure oxygen as the oxidant instead of air during combustion to prevent the generation of nitrogen oxide emissions and lower the cost of CO2 recovery. To control combustion intensity and increase efficiency, water injection technology is implemented as it can increase the in-cylinder working fluid during combustion process. To further enhance the system thermal efficiency, the injected water is heated using coolant and waste heat before being directly injected into combustion chamber. The main challenge of controlling the ICRC engine is the interaction between water injection process and combustion stability. Ion current detection provides a potential solution of real-time detection of in-cylinder combustion status and water injection process simultaneously. In this paper, the characteristics of ion current signal in an ICRC engine were studied. The results indicate the ion current signal is primarily affected by the combination of trapped water vapor injected in the last cycle and in-cylinder combustion intensity. The water vapor contributes to the ionization reactions, which lead to enhanced ion current signals under water cycle. The ion current signal is capable of reflecting the operating conditions of the in-cylinder water injector. The phase of the ion current peak value has a linear relation as the water injection timing is delayed, and ion current detection technology has the potential to detect the combustion phase under different engine loads in an internal combustion Rankine cycle engine.

Estimation and Prediction of In-Cylinder Chemical Species in a Gasoline Engine for Control Purposes

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Giansetti ◽  
Y. Chamaillard ◽  
P. Higelin ◽  
A. Charlet
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Luenberger Observer ◽  
Performance And Emissions

To simultaneously reduce pollutant emissions and maximize the efficiency of spark ignition engines, several technologies have been developed that must be precisely controlled. For example, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is used to minimize NOx production, and running SI engines lean increases the global efficiency. Both these technologies have a deep impact not only on the air mass inside the cylinder, but also on the composition of the enclosed gas. Intake manifold pressure and temperature coupled to a combustion equation permit an estimate of the in-cylinder gas composition which is predominant for combustion process behavior. In-cylinder gas composition must be known before the injection of the fuel is performed, to control the engine performance and emissions. This paper proposes a linear Luenberger observer based on a physical model to predict in-cylinder gas composition for engine control purposes.

A Diffusion Limited Model That Accurately Predicts the NOx Emissions From Gas Turbine Combustors Including the Use of Nitrogen Containing Fuels

1976 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Y. Hung
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustors ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Hydrocarbon Combustion ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Thermal Nox

A diffusion limited model has been described previously to simulate accurately the thermal NOx emission processes in various gas turbine combustors for fuels containing negligible amounts of fuel bound nitrogen. The application of this model to simulate accurately the water injection process has also been demonstrated. It is currently proposed that any bound nitrogen in fuel is completely reacted to form nitric oxide during the hydrocarbon combustion process; the ultimate net conversion is determined subsequently based on the Zeldovich mechanisms. With this additional assumption, this model has been generalized to include the use of fuels containing significant amounts of bound nitrogen, such as crude or residual oils. The predicted NOx emissions from these nitrogen containing fuels are in excellent agreement with laboratory and field data including the effect of water injection. Comprehensive understanding of the NOx formation processes has been gained from the current analytical study.

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