scholarly journals Dobrobyt społeczny w świetle ekonomii szczęścia na przykładzie wybranych państw Unii Europejskiej

Catallaxy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Artur Wachowiak ◽  
Kamil Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Human Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Health Organization

Motywacja: Jednym z podstawowych problemów makroekonomii jest kwestia dobrobytu społeczeństw. W przeszłości, znacząca część ekonomistów zwykła utożsamiać wielkość gospodarki, bądź dynamikę jej wzrostu, ze stopą życiową. Obecnie, ocena dobrobytu społeczeństwa sprowadza się do oceny jakości życia w danym państwie. W głównym nurcie rozważań makroekonomicznych przyjęło się posługiwanie miarą jaką jest Produkt Krajowy Brutto (PKB) wraz z jej pochodnymi. Niestety wskaźniki te nie obejmują wielu kluczowych czynników wpływających na poziom dobrobytu. Z tego powodu na przestrzeni lat zastosowano nowe, szersze podejście i opracowano nowe mierniki takie, jak np. Wskaźnik Rozwoju Społecznego (Human Development Index, HDI). Koniecznym wydaje się rozważenie ich wartości poznawczej w kontekście współczesnego dorobku ekonomii szczęścia. W tym celu dokonano przeglądu najpopularniejszych wskaźników dobrobytu i jakości życia oraz skonfrontowano je z pozaekonomicznymi danymi opisującymi procesy zachodzące w społeczeństwach, zwracając szczególną uwagę na różnice interpretacyjne i możliwe odmienne oceny. Cel: Celem jest ocena pomiaru jakości stopy życiowej, przez przegląd dostępnych rozwiązań i metod oraz konfrontacja wyników z danymi publicznych statystyk wybranych państw Unii Europejskiej (UE). Materiały i metody: Wykorzystano przegląd systematyczny i analizę krytyczną literatury, analiza zagregowanych danych makroekonomicznych oraz statystyki publicznej. Materiał empiryczny stanowią dane publikowane przez Eurostat, Organizację Współpracy Gospodarczej i Rozwoju (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD), Światową Organizację Zdrowia (World Health Organization, WHO) oraz Bank Światowy (World Bank). Wyniki: Istnieją istotne różnice w ocenie jakości życia między wskaźnikami przyjętymi w głównym dyskursie ekonomicznym a empirycznymi danymi z innych nauk, tj. społecznych czy medycznych.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic in the World and its Relation to Human Development Index: A Global Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaher Khazaei ◽  
Elaheh Mazaheri ◽  
Ali Hasanpour-Dehkordi ◽  
Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani ◽  
Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Large Family ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

: Coronaviruses are a large family and a subset of Coronaviridae that include common cold viruses and other severe diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This is an ecological study based on statistics of the prevalence of coronavirus disease until 30 April 2020, based on the reports sent to the World Health Organization (WHO). This study investigates the distribution of the incidence and trend of the incidence rate of COVID-19 in countries, and its relation with the human development index (HDI) until 30 April 2020. The results showed that the most cases of coronavirus disease until the mentioned date were in the United States of America (1,003,947 cases), Spain (212,917 cases), Italy (203,591 cases), the United Kingdom (165,225 cases), and Germany (159,119 cases), in sequence. The results exhibited a significant positive correlation between the incidence of COVID-2019 and HDI in the world (r = 0.470, P < 0.0001).

UV-Related Melanoma Cancer and Its Association with the Human Development Index (HDI): GLOBOCAN Sources and Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Seraji ◽  
Zaher Khazaei ◽  
Victoria Momenabadi ◽  
Reza Beiranvand ◽  
Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Melanoma Cancer

Background: Exposure to radiation is a major risk factor for skin cancer so that 65 to 90% of skin cancers can be attributed to the exposure with sunlight. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the association between the human development index and the incidence of UV-related melanoma. Methods: This is an ecological study. Data on the incidence of UV-induced melanoma were extracted from the GLOBOCAN estimates (GLOBOCAN 2012), and data on the human development index were extracted from the World Health Organization (WHO) database. Data analysis was conducted by Stata software (Ver. 14). The descriptive analysis involved mean and standard deviation. The correlation method was used to evaluate the association between the population attributable fraction (PAF) of melanoma for ultraviolet (UV) and the HDI components. A P value < 0.005 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results revealed a significant positive association between UV-attributable melanoma cancer and HDI in women (r = 0.401, P < 0.0001), men (r = 0.488, P < 0.0001), and both sexes (r = 0.455, P < 0.0001). In Americas (r = 0.452, P < 0.05) and Europe (r = 0.740, P < 0.05), a significant positive correlation was observed between UV-induced melanoma and HDI, but this association was not significant in Asia (P > 0.05). In Africa, a negative correlation was observed, though it was not statistically significant (r = -0.301, P > 0.05). The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant statistical relationship between the incidence of UV-related melanoma and the levels of development (F = 25.1, P < 0.0001) so that the higher the score of HDI, the higher the incidence of this cancer. Conclusions: Since there is a positive correlation between UV-related melanoma and HDI, further attention should be paid to this risk factor, especially in countries with a high HDI to reduce the UV-induced melanoma cancer.

scholarly journals Favorable Lip and Oral Cancer Mortality-To-Incidence Ratios in Countries With High Human Development Index and Expenditures On Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Wei Sung ◽  
Yong-Chen Hsu ◽  
Ying-Ching Chen ◽  
Yu-Chi Chao ◽  
Chih-Jung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient

Abstract Background: The incidence rate of lip and oral cancer is increasing in recent years, the prognosis of which is associated with a country’s socioeconomic status. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a reasonable indicator of disparities in cancer screening and treatment. We aim to understand the association between economic status and cancer prognosis.Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The MIR was applied to evaluate the correlation to healthcare expenditures and the human development index (HDI) disparities via Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.Results: The results showed that Asia has the most cases and deaths. The association of the HDI, current health expenditure (CHE), and ratio of CHE to the percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) to the crude rate (CR) of incidence show significant results (p<0.001, p=0.005, and p<0.001, respectively). However, their association with the mortality rate (p=0.303, p=0.997, and p=0.101) is not significant. In the correlation of the MIRs, the results revealed a significant association with the HDI, CHE, and CHE/GDP with the MIR (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively).Conclusion: Countries with a higher HDI, more CHE per capita, and higher CHE/GDP tend to have a lower MIR, which indicates a favorable clinical outcome.

scholarly journals In the Pursuit of Conceptualizing a Sustainable Human Development Index in a Globalized World: An Analysis of the Evidence from Assam and Meghalaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayan Rudra
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Development Index ◽  
North East ◽  
Sustainable Human Development ◽  
Globalized World

There is worldwide consensus today that problems relating to the environment have reached immense proportions and that immediate drastic steps should be taken by nations and the authorized global community to arrest the decline of our environment. The World Health Organization estimates that roughly 25 percent of the disease burden in the developing world is due to environmental factors. For this paper Environmental Human Development Index (EHDI) has been measured, which is a modified version of Human Development Index (HDI) in the pursuit of Conceptualizing a Sustainable Human Development Index in a Globalized World by Evidence from Assam and Meghalaya. This study is based on secondary data obtained from multiple sources. These are like- Census 2011, Central Pollution Control Board, India stat, World Bank, etc. The paper concludes with policy implications for the topic at hand. This study tries to search for development situation regarding the environmental condition of two sister states of North East India. After including the ecological parameters and household status, the shape of the development index is changing. Both states are increasing the development index value. But here Meghalaya increased its development value more than the state Assam. This study portrays with increasing environmental pollutants of particular state morbidity, especially cardiac diseases are growing.

scholarly journals Prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in poor children from Mato Grosso do Sul

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 466-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Augusto Santos Silva ◽  
Heloyse Elaine Gimenes Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among children who were beneficiaries of the Brazil's conditional cash transfer program Bolsa Família during 2010, according to gender and health in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: Descriptive epidemiological study was conducted with a secondary database of Datasus/Sisvan. The data from 19,289 children (9,451 girls and 9,838 boys), aged 5 to 10 years, who benefited from the program Bolsa Família in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul in 2010 were collected. The variables were body weight and height. Body mass index was analyzed with Z-scores of normative tables from the World Health Organization. RESULTS: The prevalence of underweight was 4.8% among female and 5.6% among male participants. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was, respectively, 14.8 and 9.1% for female participants and 16.1 and 11.9% for male participants. The prevalence of underweight and obesity was lower in cities/towns with a lower Human Development Index, for female and male individuals. The prevalence of overweight in cities/towns with a lower Human Development Index was lower among female participants and higher among male participants. CONCLUSIONS: The higher prevalence of overweight among individuals of lower socioeconomic status indicates the need for understanding macro-factors that can influence the children's nutritional status.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in Austria

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker ◽  
Johannes Wancata
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Bank ◽  
The State ◽  
Income Country ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Income Country ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Health Budget ◽  
Health Organization

Austria covers an area of some 84000 km2 and has a population of 8.1 million. According to World Bank criteria, Austria is a high-income country. The overall health budget represents 8% of gross domestic product (World Health Organization, 2005). The state of Austria is divided into nine federal provinces, which have significant legislative rights, including in healthcare provision.

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