scholarly journals A Hybrid based Distributed Slot Scheduling Approach for WSN MAC

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manas Ranjan Lenka ◽  
Amulya Ratna Swain ◽  
Biraja Prasad Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Optimal Schedule ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Feasible Schedule ◽  
Collision Handling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Slot Scheduling

In Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs), collision handling during transmission of data is an important challenge. MAC protocol plays a vital role in handling those collisions. Among different types of MAC protocols, schedule based MAC protocol is one where a valid schedule is prepared to handle the collision. The existing schedule based MAC protocols focus on preparing either a feasible schedule or an optimal schedule. In order to satisfy both feasibility as well as optimality feature, in this paper, we proposed a hybrid approach for slot scheduling that prepares a feasible schedule in a distributed manner and at the same time reduces the number of feasible schedule to achieve optimality. In this paper, we named this algorithm as Distributed hybrid Slot Scheduling(DHSS) algorithm. The proposed DHSS algorithm initially prepares a feasible schedule which is furthertuned in quick time to prepare a valid schedule with a reducednumber of slots. The reduction of the number of slots in theschedule improves the efficiency of data transmission in termsof latency. The simulation results show that the DHSS algorithmoutperforms RD-TDMA with respect to both the number of slotsallotted for a feasible schedule as well as the data transmissionlatency.

scholarly journals Virtual Sensing Directional Hub MAC (VSDH-MAC) Protocol with Power Control

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1219
Author(s):  
Arnold Chau ◽  
John Dawson ◽  
Paul Mitchell ◽  
Tian Hong Loh
Keyword(s):  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Directional Antenna ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Multiple Access Channel ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Access Channel ◽  
Study Results

Medium access control (MAC) protocols play a vital role in making effective use of a multiple access channel as it governs the achievable performance such as channel utilization and corresponding quality of service of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, a virtual carrier sensing directional hub (VSDH) MAC protocol incorporating realistic directional antenna patterns is proposed for directional single hub centralized WSNs. While in most instances, MAC protocols assume idealized directional antenna patterns, the proposed VSDH-MAC protocol incorporates realistic directional antenna patterns to deliver enhanced link performance. We demonstrate that the use of directional antennas with a suitable MAC protocol can provide enhanced communication range and increased throughput with reduced energy consumption at each node, compared to the case when only omnidirectional antennas are used. For the scenarios considered in this study, results show that the average transmit power of the sensor nodes can be reduced by a factor of two, and at the same time offer significantly extended lifetime.

Energy-Efficient MAC Protocols in Distributed Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 247-271
Author(s):  
Yupeng Hu ◽  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Distributed Sensor ◽  
Distributed Sensor Network

As an enabling network technology, energy efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol plays a vital role in a battery-powered distributed sensor network. MAC protocols control how sensor nodes access a shared radio channel to communicate with each other. This chapter discusses the key elements of MAC design with an emphasis on energy efficiency. Furthermore, it reviews several typical MAC protocols proposed in the literature, comparing their energy conservation mechanism. Particularly, it presents a Collaborative Compression Based MAC (CCP-MAC) protocol, which takes advantage of the overheard data to achieve energy savings. Finally, it compares the performance of CCP-MAC with related MAC protocols, illustrating their advantages and disadvantages.

Energy-Efficient MAC Protocols in Distributed Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 1776-1797
Author(s):  
Yupeng Hu ◽  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Distributed Sensor ◽  
Distributed Sensor Network

As an enabling network technology, energy efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol plays a vital role in a battery-powered distributed sensor network. MAC protocols control how sensor nodes access a shared radio channel to communicate with each other. This chapter discusses the key elements of MAC design with an emphasis on energy efficiency. Furthermore, it reviews several typical MAC protocols proposed in the literature, comparing their energy conservation mechanism. Particularly, it presents a Collaborative Compression Based MAC (CCP-MAC) protocol, which takes advantage of the overheard data to achieve energy savings. Finally, it compares the performance of CCP-MAC with related MAC protocols, illustrating their advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Asynchronous QoS MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sohail Sarang ◽  
Goran M. Stojanović ◽  
Stevan Stankovski ◽  
Željen Trpovski ◽  
Micheal Drieberg
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Network Operation

In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained significant attention in both industry and academia. In WSNs, each sensor node is normally equipped with a small-size battery with finite capacity. Hence, energy-efficient communication is considered a key factor for the extension of network lifetime. Formerly, a large number of medium access control (MAC) protocols have been proposed to improve energy efficiency to prolong the network lifetime. There are applications that generate different types of data packets and require quality of service (QoS) without any disruption in network operation. Therefore, these applications need an energy-efficient QoS MAC protocol that can support QoS by considering energy efficiency as the primary goal to avoid any failure in the network. This article proposes an energy-efficient asynchronous QoS (AQSen) MAC protocol, called AQSen-MAC. The AQSen-MAC considers different types of data packets and uses two novel techniques: self-adaptation and scheduling to enhance energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio, and network throughput. Furthermore, in the protocol, the receiver adjusts its duty cycle according to the remaining energy to prolong the network operation. Finally, the performance of the AQSen-MAC protocol has been evaluated through detailed simulation using Castalia and compared with MPQ-MAC, PMME-MAC, and QAEE-MAC protocols. The simulation results indicate that the AQSen-MAC protocol significantly reduces the energy consumption at the receiver of up to 13.4%, consumption per bit of up to 3% and improves the packet delivery ratio and network throughput of up to 12% in the network.

scholarly journals An Efficient Dynamic Slot Scheduling Algorithm for WSN MAC: A Distributed Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
Manas Ranjan Lenka ◽  
Amulya Ratna Swain
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Distributed Approach ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Topology Changes ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Slot Scheduling

In the current scenario, the growth of IoT based solutions gives rise to the rapid utilisation of WSN. With energy constraint sensor nodes in WSN, the design of energy efficient MAC protocol along with timeliness requirement to handle collision is of paramount importance. Most of the MAC protocols designed for a sensor network follows either contention or scheduled based approach. Contention based approach adapts well to topology changes, whereas it is more costly in handling collision as compared to a schedule based approach. Hence, to reduce the collision along with timeliness, an effective TDMA based slot scheduling algorithm needs to be designed. In this paper, we propose a TDMA based algorithm named DYSS that meets both the timeliness and energy efficiency in handling the collision. This algorithm finds an effective way of preparing the initial schedule by using the average two-hop neighbors count. Finally, the remaining un-allotted nodes are dynamically assigned to slots using a novel approach. The efficiency of the algorithm is evaluated in terms of the number of slots allotted and time elapsed to construct the schedule using the Castalia simulator.

scholarly journals The Crosstalk Between Long Non-Coding RNAs and Various Types of Death in Cancer Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153303382110330
Author(s):  
Wenwen Tang ◽  
Shaomi Zhu ◽  
Xin Liang ◽  
Chi Liu ◽  
Linjiang Song
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Cancer Cell Death ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Tumor Death

With the increasing aging population, cancer has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the number of cancer cases and deaths is only anticipated to grow further. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are closely associated with the expression level of downstream genes and various types of bioactivity, are regarded as one of the key regulators of cancer cell proliferation and death. Cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, plays a vital role in the progression of cancer. A better understanding of the regulatory relationships between lncRNAs and these various types of cancer cell death is therefore urgently required. The occurrence and development of tumors can be controlled by increasing or decreasing the expression of lncRNAs, a method which confers broad prospects for cancer treatment. Therefore, it is urgent for us to understand the influence of lncRNAs on the development of different modes of tumor death, and to evaluate whether lncRNAs have the potential to be used as biological targets for inducing cell death and predicting prognosis and recurrence of chemotherapy. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the various forms of cancer cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, and to describe the mechanisms of different types of cancer cell death that are regulated by lncRNAs in order to explore potential targets for cancer therapy.

Effect of Nano Clay on Mechanical Behavior of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 294-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kundan Patel ◽  
Jay Patel ◽  
Piyush Gohil ◽  
Vijaykumar Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Nano Clay ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polyester Composite

Composite materials play a vital role in many industrial applications. Researchers are working on fabrication of new composite materials worldwide to enhance the applicability of these materials. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Nano clay loading as filler on the mechanical properties of the bamboo fiber yarn reinforced polyester composite. Five different types of composite specimen were prepared with Nano clay loadings of 0 to 4 % weight fraction using hand lay-up technique. It was observed that the composite sheet with 1 wt % nano clay content exhibited the optimized tensile and flexural strength. However the mechanical properties tend to decrease with addition of nano clay content from 2 to 4 wt %. In spite of that the values of mechanical properties with 2 and 3 wt % nano clay content is higher than 0 wt % nano clay content.

scholarly journals Different Types of Attacks on Block Ciphers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
System Of Nonlinear Equations ◽  
Algebraic Attack ◽  
Differential Attack ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Impossible Differential ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Truncated Differential

Cryptanalysis is a very important challenge that faces cryptographers. It has several types that should be well studied by cryptographers to be able to design cryptosystem more secure and able to resist any type of attacks. This paper introduces six types of attacks: Linear, Differential , Linear-Differential, Truncated differential Impossible differential attack and Algebraic attacks. In this paper, algebraic attack is used to formulate the substitution box(S-box) of a block cipher to system of nonlinear equations and solve this system by using a classical method called Grobner  Bases . By Solving these equations, we made algebraic attack on S-box.

EE-Hybrid MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 573 ◽  
pp. 407-411
Author(s):  
Chelliah Pandeeswaran ◽  
Natrajan Papa ◽  
Sundar G. Jayesh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Industrial Automation ◽  
Time Critical

MAC protocol design in Wireless sensor networks becomes vibrant research field for the past several years. In this paper an EE-Hybrid MAC protocol (Energy efficient hybrid Medium Access Control) has been proposed, which is energy efficient and low latency MAC protocol, which uses interrupt method to assign priority for certain wireless sensor nodes assumed to be present in critical loops of industrial process control domain. EE-Hybrid MAC overcomes some of the limitations in the existing approaches. Industrial wireless sensor network require a suitable MAC protocol which offers energy efficiency and capable of handling emergency situations in industrial automation domain. Time critical and mission critical applications demands not only energy efficiency but strict timeliness and reliability. Harsh environmental condition and dynamic network topologies may cause industrial sensor to malfunction, so the developed protocol must adapt to changing topology and harsh environment. Most of the existing MAC protocols have number of limitations for industrial application domain In industrial automation scenario, certain sensor loops are found to be time critical, where data’s have to be transferred without any further delay. The proposed EE-Hybrid MAC protocol is simulated in NS2 environment, from the result it is observed that proposed protocol provides better performance compared to the conventional MAC protocols.

Survey of Energy Efficient and Contention Based MAC Protocol in WBAN for Medical and Consumer Supply Chain Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
A. Punitha ◽  
Sujin P. Jose
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Medium Access

The authors provide an extensive survey of recent energy-efficient and contention based medium access control (MAC) protocols for wireless body area networks (WBANs). They briefed the crucial applications of WBAN in present scenario and also discussed low-power and contention based MAC protocols for medical and consumer electronics. The authors outlined the future applications of WBAN and the enhancement to be incorporated to improve the efficiency of WBAN systems.

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