scholarly journals Life Adversities and Trauma as Factors of Addictive Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Alla Ataliieva ◽  
Bohdan Biron ◽  
Vsevolod Rozanov
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Marital Problems ◽  
Life Period ◽  
Hierarchical Regression Model ◽  
Parent Loss ◽  
Separation From Parents ◽  
The Life Course

Within this study 117 drug and alcohol addicts (97 males and 20 females) were compared with a matching group of healthy controls. All respondents were questioned regarding negative life events (NLE) that have happened to them during different periods of their life, in particular when they were 0-6, 7-14, 15-18 and 19 and more years old. The questionnaire consisted of 69 questions which covered such issues as “assault”, “divorce/separation”, “major financial problems”, “serious illness or injury”, “legal problems”, “loss of confidant”, “serious marital problems”, “being robbed”, “serious difficulties at work”, “serious housing problems” and “job loss”, etc. Events related to the personal network and early life period included death of a parent, loss of an individual in the network, alcohol and drug addiction of a parent, problems in relations with parents, separation from parents, being brought up by persons other than parents, housing problems, having very bad relations with a parent, etc. It was found that the life course of NLE accumulation in addicts is 3 times higher than in controls, the differences were statistically significant (p<0,001) in all life periods. In the hierarchical regression model which was used, accumulation of NLEs in the early childhood and young adulthood (after 19) have a bigger impact than periods of school years and ad-olescence. Analysis of NLEs in the earliest life period (0-6 years) in addicts showed that alcohol problems in parents and perceived feelings that parents do not love them and even torture them emotionally were much more frequent than in controls. Other strong associations were with being brought up by people other than parents and father’s addiction. Physical and sexual violence were not among the priorities and were not so strongly associated with addiction. The results are discussed in terms of possible cultural peculiarities than may influence prioritization of childhood adversities and their relevance for further development of addictive behavior. The results obtained may be helpful while building rehabilitation measures for addicts, especially during family therapy

Effects of Violence on Trauma among Immigrant Women from Central America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlette Vila ◽  
Elizabeth C Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Hierarchical Regression Model ◽  
Effects Of Violence

Abstract The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of violence on trauma among forced-immigrant women from the northern triangle of Central America (NTCA) resulting from direct and indirect violence in their country of origin and during the migratory journey through Mexico. In trauma theory the concept of compounding stressors is an important framework for understanding aspects of human development, especially among low-socioeconomic-status and oppressed populations. Authors hypothesized that violence would have an impact on trauma and conducted interviews with 108 women ages 18 to 65 from the NTCA who traveled by land across Mexico before entering the United States. A survey instrument captured demographic information and types of violence experienced in the home country and during the migratory journey. A standardized screening tool was used to measure trauma symptoms. A hierarchical regression model for trauma was entered in the following order: (a) demographics and (b) violence. Violence was found to be a significant predictor for trauma. Findings suggest that having experienced violence in the country of origin and through the migratory journey had a powerful role in predicting trauma symptoms among immigrant women from the NTCA.

scholarly journals Swedish intrauterine growth reference ranges for estimated fetal weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Lindström ◽  
Mårten Ageheim ◽  
Ove Axelsson ◽  
Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb ◽  
Alkistis Skalkidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Hierarchical Regression Model ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Estimate Fetal Weight ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

AbstractFetal growth restriction is a strong risk factor for perinatal morbidity and mortality. Reliable standards are indispensable, both to assess fetal growth and to evaluate birthweight and early postnatal growth in infants born preterm. The aim of this study was to create updated Swedish reference ranges for estimated fetal weight (EFW) from gestational week 12–42. This prospective longitudinal multicentre study included 583 women without known conditions causing aberrant fetal growth. Each woman was assigned a randomly selected protocol of five ultrasound scans from gestational week 12 + 3 to 41 + 6. Hadlock’s 3rd formula was used to estimate fetal weight. A two-level hierarchical regression model was employed to calculate the expected median and variance, expressed in standard deviations and percentiles, for EFW. EFW was higher for males than females. The reference ranges were compared with the presently used Swedish, and international reference ranges. Our reference ranges had higher EFW than the presently used Swedish reference ranges from gestational week 33, and higher median, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles from gestational week 24 compared with INTERGROWTH-21st. The new reference ranges can be used both for assessment of intrauterine fetal weight and growth, and early postnatal growth in children born preterm.

Sanctification of marriage, religious coping and marital adjustment of Iranian couples

2021 ◽  
pp. 008467242199682
Author(s):  
Reza Fallahchai ◽  
Maryam Fallahi ◽  
Arefeh Moazenjami ◽  
Annette Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Religious Coping ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hierarchical Regression Model ◽  
Negative Religious Coping ◽  
Global Indicators

This study examined cross-sectional links of the theistic and non-theistic sanctification of marriage and positive and negative religious coping with marital adjustment for 316 married Muslims (women = 157, men = 159) from Iran. Perceiving marriage to be a manifestation of God (i.e. theistic sanctification) and reflective of sacred qualities (i.e. non-theistic sanctification) as well as engaging in positive and negative religious/spiritual (r/s) coping strategies each uniquely contributed variance to marital adjustment, after controlling for each other and global indicators of devotion to Islam (e.g. frequency of prayer, religious pilgrimages, fasting, reciting the Quran), and demographic variables (e.g. education level). Specifically, theistic sanctification (β = .40), non-theistic sanctification (β = .29), and positive r/s coping (β = .56) were uniquely tied to higher marital adjustment whereas negative r/s coping was uniquely tied to lower marital adjustment theistic (β =-15) in a hierarchical regression model with all primary variables and controls entered. These findings replicate and extend prior findings on the perceived sanctity of marriage with US samples of predominantly Christians to Muslims living in the Middle East, and offer novel cross-cultural insights into the possible roles that sanctification of marriage and r/s coping may play for marital well-being for non-distressed married Muslims.

scholarly journals Study on conscientiousness, academic self-efficacy and self-esteem predictive power on academic procrastination among counselling students

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibiam Dike ◽  
Stephen Oluwaseun Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Academic Procrastination ◽  
Hierarchical Regression Model ◽  
Counselling Students ◽  
Academic Self Efficacy ◽  
Random Method

The purpose of this study is to investigate the predictive effect of Conscientiousness, Academic Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem on Academic Procrastination among Counselling Students. Three hundred students studying Counselling in a College of Education in Nigeria, West Africa were selected through the simple random method and completed the measures of Conscientiousness, Academic Self-efficacy, Self-esteem, and Academic Procrastination. The result from the correlation matrix and hierarchical regression model shows that academic procrastination behavior of students is explained by conscientiousness, academic self-efficacy, and self-esteem. It was also shown from the model that all the predictor variables contributed 54% of the total variance in academic procrastination among counselling students. Research results are discussed in the light of related literature and practicable recommendations were provided.

scholarly journals Does Organizational Justice Moderate The Negative Influence of Job Insecurity on Organizational Commitment?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-189
Author(s):  
Anik Herminingsih
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Hierarchical Regression Model ◽  
Sense Of Justice ◽  
Contract Labor

The increasing use of contract labor has triggered job insecurity resulting in a decline in organizational commitment. It is a challenge for the management of human resources to keep the committed employees by providing good treatments, for example, by giving a sense of justice of the organization. The study aims to analyze whether organizational justice moderates the negative influence of job insecurity on organizational employee commitment. The study involves 30 students of regular2; the data are obtained by filling in a self-rating questionnaire. The data are analyzed by using hierarchical regression model  by using SPSS. The results show that job insecurity affects negatively and significantly on organizational employee commitment, while organizational justice affects positively and significantly on organizational employee commitment. Organizational justice has not been proven to moderate the influence of job insecurity on organizational employee commitment.   Keywords: moderation, negative influences, organisasional commitment, insecurity

Identification of consumption patterns: an empirical study in millennials

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Escandon-Barbosa ◽  
Andrea Hurtado-Ayala ◽  
Josep Rialp-Criado ◽  
Jairo A. Salas-Paramo
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Hierarchical Regression Model ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Brand Perception

Purpose Societal changes and technological development have brought about drastic lifestyle change in the past decades. This drastic change is evident when comparing the lifestyle and general characteristics of generations who have been born immersed in this technological context to those of other generations. The objective of this paper is to analyze brand image (BI) as determinant of brand attitude (AB), and the moderating effect of brand equity (BE), in the use of online information among millennial shoppers from Colombia. In general, the purpose of this paper is to contribute to existing literature related to the importance of generational membership in classifying individuals regarding brand perception (BI, AB and BE) and association with the use of shopping channels between different generations. Design/methodology/approach A hierarchical regression model is estimated with a sample of university students in Colombia who are considered potential coffee consumers, and who were classified as millennials based on their age. Findings The results support that BE effect has a greater impact on AB when consumers have a good BI. Millennials also use more online communication sources to create brand perceptions. Originality/value Nevertheless, few studies have concurrently analyzed the characteristics of brand building and types of sources of information (online vs offline). This paper attempts to analyze the behavior of millennial consumers and the use of information channels online vs offline to manage brand and analyze BI, AB and BE.

scholarly journals Product Newness, Low Competition, Recent Technology, and Export Orientation as Predictors for Entrepreneurial Growth Aspirations

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5818
Author(s):  
José Pedro Carreón-Gutiérrez ◽  
José Manuel Saiz-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Financial Capital ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Export Orientation ◽  
Hierarchical Regression Model ◽  
Entrepreneurial Growth ◽  
Firm Exports ◽  
Recursive Residuals ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the contribution of how product newness, low competition, recent technology, and export orientation affect entrepreneurial growth aspirations moderated by financial capital. Based on a Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) sample of 512 Mexican new entrepreneurs, we use a hierarchical regression model to study the independent and interaction effects between these variables, and we apply a Chow breakpoint test and a CUSUMSQ (cumulative sum of squares of recursive residuals) test to analyze structural change and robustness. Our results suggest that achieving higher educational levels, acquiring recent technology, and product newness slightly increase the entrepreneurial growth ambition of the firm, and that financial capital positively moderates the impact of product newness and recent technology on growth aspirations. Besides this, we show that the interaction effect of financial capital with low competition and export activity on their growth aspirations is not crucial, and business angles tend to finance, primarily when the firm exports new products and services are facing a reduced number of competitors.

Disproportionality in Juvenile Justice Diversion: An Examination of Teen Court Peer-Derived Consequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-233
Author(s):  
Katie Cotter Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Diversion Programs ◽  
Teen Court ◽  
Hierarchical Regression Model ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Additional Charges ◽  
To Receive ◽  
White Youths

Abstract Juvenile justice diversion programs, such as Teen Court (TC), represent an alternative to traditional juvenile justice responses to youth misbehavior and delinquency. However, although TC represents a potential strategy to address disproportionate minority contact, there is a dearth of research examining the extent to which TC programs are racially equitable. To address this gap, the current study examines racial disproportionality in a TC program in Arizona. Results indicated that in a diverse sample of youths involved in a TC program in Arizona, youths who identified as Latinx or American Indian were more likely to receive a severe consequence from the peer jury compared with their non-Latinx, white counterparts. Multiracial youths were less likely to receive a severe consequence compared with white youths. A hierarchical regression model indicated that offense-related variables explained the largest proportion of variance in number of consequence hours assigned. However, disparities for Latinx and American Indian youths compared with non-Latinx, white youths persisted after controlling for other demographics, type of offense, prior offenses, and additional charges. The results of the current study are the first to document racial disparity in the TC process.

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