Social Media Use of Small Wineries in Alsace: Resources and Motivations Analysis

Social media (SM) plays an increasingly important role in small and medium businesses, including wineries. However, little is known about the managerial adoption and use of SM by wineries. This study aims to understand wineries’ SM usage by analysing their strategic objectives of SM usage and main differences in relation to their SM usage, as well as establishing factors contributing to SM usage. The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) framework (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions) is discussed together with additional explanatory factors relevant in the studied context (attitude toward SM, self-efficacy, and anxiety). A quantitative survey of 78 wineries from the Alsace wine region of France was conducted. The results show that SM is currently used by a majority of wineries, but that strategic alignment is missing. There are significant differences in SM usage according to winery size, export orientation, and winemakers’ profiles. The results also confirm that wineries need resources and knowledge to use SM more extensively.

TRADE INTERACTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST: ASSESSMENT OF COMPARATIVE INTENSITY

In the long term, the regions of the Russian Far East traded more intensively with the domestic market than with foreign countries. The low values of trade intensity the Russian Far Eastern regions with NEA countries was compensated by low transport costs. This circumstance determined the export orientation of the Russian Far East in favor of nearby large foreign markets.

Market Power in the Irish Beef Processing Industry

Irish beef processors and cattle farmers have been involved in a lasting controversy on power asymmetry. This paper estimates the degree of market power in the Irish beef processing industry. The New Empirical Industrial Organization approach is extended for estimation, and the market power is testified by conjectural elasticity with supply and demand functions, indicating that beef processors exert a significant market power on cattle farms. Export-orientation and high subsidies are two outstanding features in the Irish beef industry. Exports and subsidies are shown in this paper to have an insignificant influence on market power. This paper confirms that beef processors can exercise market power on farmers to lower prices below the marginal cost.

EXPORT-ORIENTED STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT MAKING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES’ PROFITABLE ACTIVITY

The essence of separate elements of export-oriented strategy of development making in management of profitable activity of industrial enterprises has been researched. The main tendencies of foreign economic activity of national enterprises under the conditions of integration processes have been underlined. The role of macroeconomic and regional institutions that deals with foreign trade activity of industrial enterprises has been studied. The main possibilities that are given for national manufactures with integration processes in the sphere of export activity have been formed. Aspects of extensive and intensive growth of industrial enterprises on the basis of strengthening their export orientation have been characterized. The essence of export-oriented strategy of development from the basic scientific views has been researched. The connection between export-oriented strategy of development and profitability has been actualized. The meaning of transformation changes of economy under the influence of integration stages through the activity of industrial enterprises and its export-oriented strategy making have been detailed. The dependence of economic conditions of integration cycles, complexity of levels of export-oriented strategy of development and management of enterprise’s profitable activity has been emphasized. There were proposed macro- and micro-levels of management that are aimed to study demands of external environment and implement its aspects to the operating and manufacturing activity of export-oriented enterprises’ performance. The importance of macro- and micro-levels of management for starting the process of making export-oriented strategy of development in order to increase the enterprise’s profitability has been detailed and presented in structure that provided and intensified by direct and returned feedback.

DETERMINANTS OF A COUNTRY’S GNP TO GDP POSITION: A REVISIT

In memoriam Professor Eu Chye TAN The Singapore Economic Review express sincere gratitude for the work done by Professor Tan serving on its Editorial Board from 2017–2020. The aim of this paper is to identify the factors that could contribute to an increase in a country’s GNP relative to its GDP. This represents a sequel to [Tan, EC, CF Tang and RD Palaniandi (2019). What could cause a country’s GNP to be greater than its GDP? Singapore Economic Review, doi:10.1142/S0217590819500073.] on what could cause a country’s GNP to exceed its GDP. Annual data of a panel of 52 countries from 1992 through 2016 are mobilized for the purpose, with the sample period split into five-year average intervals. The possible determinants of the relative position include the savings-investment gap, international reserves, state of technology, demography, unemployment, export-orientation, income inequality, size of the primary commodities sector, financial repression, tax incidence and the ease of doing business. Based upon the application of the system GMM technique to winsorized data and filtered data from Cook’s Distance Outlier Test, the savings-investment gap could enhance the GNP–GDP percentage of a country. The percentage could be lowered by export orientation, uneven income distribution and the size of the working age population.

COVID-19 in Southeast Asia: Implications for workers and unions

The labour market effects in Southeast Asia of the COVID-19 pandemic have attracted considerable analysis from both scholars and practitioners. However, much less attention has been paid to the pandemic’s impact on legal protections for workers’ and unions’ rights, or to what might account for divergent outcomes in this respect in economies that share many characteristics, including a strong export orientation in labour-intensive industries and weak industrial relations institutions. Having described the public health measures taken to control the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia, Cambodia and Vietnam, this article analyses governments’ employment-related responses and their impact on workers and unions in the first year of the pandemic. Based on this analysis, we conclude that the disruption caused to these countries’ economies, and societies, served to reproduce existing patterns of state–labour relations rather than overturning them.

Structure and dynamics of Ukrainian merchandise exports: a regional dimension

Ukraine’s integration into the global market has a clear resource-oriented nature, as agricultural products remain the dominant component of domestic merchandise exports. This urges the need to diversify the structure of exports and increase the share of high-tech and medium-tech industries. Given the structural heterogeneity of the formation of domestic merchandise exports in the regional context, the research in this direction is relevant. The purpose of the article is to identify key changes in the export specialization of the regions of Ukraine and to group the latter according to the level of their export activities. Based on the assessment of the structure of merchandise exports of Ukraine and its regions, the export specialization of the latter by commodity groups is determined. The diagnostic study of export activities at the meso-level results from the calculation of indicators that characterize: export orientation of the economy (calculated as the ratio between the value of merchandise exports of the region and gross regional product), export coverage of imports (calculated as the ratio between the values of merchandise exports and merchandise imports of the region), export manufacturability (calculated as the ratio between the values of high-tech exports of the region and merchandise exports in general), the high-tech export orientation of the industry (calculated as the ratio between the value of high-tech exports of the region and the volume of sold industrial products). The regions are divided into four conditional groups according to the level of their export activities, based on the values of the integrated index calculated by the method of the arithmetic mean of partial indicators. Some key trends and problems in the formation and development of Ukraine’s export potential are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the high share of products made from toll raw materials within the high-tech merchandise exports of the vast majority of regions of the Western region. Measures for the implementation of an efficient state policy of export promotion are proposed and their targets are defined.