Agreement and disagreement in the light of the theory of speech acts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-315
Author(s):  
Boris Justinovich Norman
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Colloquial Speech

The article examines the place occupied by agreement and disagreement in speech activity. The background for solving this urgent problem is the theory of speech acts. Examples from Russian fiction and colloquial speech are used as factual material. It is shown that the categories of agreement and disagreement can act as: a) independent replicas that regulate the development of dialogue (such as Russian Da and Net); b) semantic presuppositions that are part of some speech acts (approval, surprise, permission, indignation, etc.); c) dominant linguistic and psychological attitudes in the production of the text; d) features that characterize the language personality. Combinations of agreement or disagreement with other meanings mask these intentions, and the recipient, in order to understand the text correctly, must restore the entire chain of propositions used by the speaker. It also describes the situation of neutralization of agreement and disagreement, due to either the complexity of the discursive conditions, or the personal qualities of the speaker. The connection of these situations with the phenomena of hedging and empathy, which are tuning of interpersonal relations in the group, is noted. It is concluded that agreement and disagreement are complex, multi-level communicative categories.

scholarly journals “Substantial Mutuality”: The Road to Trust between NGOs’ stakeholders

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bour
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Current System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trust Development ◽  
The Road ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Development Agendas

Multi-level governance materialises in the chain of influence between donors, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), local partners and beneficiaries. This stepped relationship is often characterised by a degree of mutual mistrust and by divergent interests. It exists in a realm between formal highly bureaucratised and standardised development systems coupled with ineffective management practices, short-term agendas and lack of interpersonal relations, which undermine the creation of mutuality between the former and mostly informal stakeholders at the receiving end. This enquiry on “leadership as process” examines the role of NGOs in creating “substantial” mutuality in this chain of relationships. The data collected showed that there is a gap between upstream (donors and NGOs) objectives and the context in which they operate. The study concludes that by establishing mutuality and ownership NGOs can bridge the gap and limitations of the current system. Keyword: multi-level governance; non-governmental organisations; leadership-as-process; trust; development agendas

scholarly journals Young People’s Emotional Intelligence and Type of Interpersonal Behavior with Different Sociometric Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-117
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Kochetova ◽  
M.V. Klimakova
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Sociometric Status ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The development of emotional intelligence in early adolescence is important and urgent problem, since at this age the need for communication is actively realized, manifesting itself in behavioral patterns as types of interpersonal behavior that poorly understood. The problem of the study is to identify components of emotional intelligence and types of interpersonal behavior of respondents with high and low sociometric status. Research hypothesis: the combination of the level of emotional intelligence components development and the prevailing types of interpersonal behavior are associated with the achievement of high or low sociometric status. The study sample consisted of 956 people: 456 girls (47.7%) and 500 boys (52.3%) aged 16-17. Research methods: a questionnaire of emotional intelligence "Emin" by D.V. Lyusin; test "The Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality" by T. Leary; sociometry by J. Moreno in the adaptation by M.R. Bityanova. The relationship between emotional intelligence, the prevailing types of interpersonal behavior, and the sociometric status was studied using mathematical statistics methods of SPSS Statistics 20 program (cluster analysis procedure). Six clusters were identified. They describe the combination of components of emotional intelligence and the prevailing type of interpersonal behavior between young men and women with low and high sociometric statuses. Comparison of cluster indicators revealed significant differences at a high level of significance (α<0.01) across all scales. Thus, the hypothesis was confirmed. The research has a high practical significance because it opens up opportunities for the development of emotional intelligence, as well as the harmonization of interpersonal relations.

DEVELOPMENT OF A MODERN ENTERPRISE AS A PROCESS OF SYSTEMATIC DYNAMIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE ECONOMY OF AN ECONOMIC ENTITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
A. G. BAUTIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Dynamic Transformation ◽  
Modern Enterprise ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Many

The development of a modern enterprise is a systematic dynamic transformation, the transformation of its subsystems within the strategic goals to ensure sustainable innovative development. The urgent problem of the latter is the rationalization and integration of all processes in the management system. This is due to the many multi-level goals, objects and subjects of management that need to be coordinated, and the complexity of their harmonization.

scholarly journals Speech Act of Threat in Everyday Conflict Discourse: Production and Perception

Lege Artis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Probst ◽  
Tatiana Shkapenko ◽  
Arina Tkachenko ◽  
Alexey Chernyakov
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Discourse Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Colloquial Speech

Abstract The article explores pragmasemantic aspects of the speech act of threat (SAT) in everyday conflict discourse, using examples from Russian colloquial speech. The authors analyze the impact of direct and indirect threats on the addressee from the point of view of the theory of speech acts, biopsychology, and physiology, which makes it possible to understand the nature of SATs and identify the key communicative and semantic factors of this type of speech acts.

The language ability, speech competence, speech activity of Generation Z

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
L. O. Butakova
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
School Students ◽  
Conceptual Information ◽  
Association Tests ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Written Speech

The paper aims to demonstrate possible approaches to solving problems arising during comprehensive linguistic description of the language ability, speech competence, speech activity of Generation Z. This purpose was achieved with the help of evaluation of speech acts performed in the process of associating and in the course of spontaneous connected written speech activity. Material: the results of free and directed pair by association tests conducted by the author in 2010–2012, 2015–2016, 2019–2021. Additionally, essay texts about the topics «I and the world around me», «If it were not for computers and tablet computers», «My city» («What places in Omsk do I like to visit? Why? «), «Who do I want to resemble?», «An elderly person. What is he / she like?», «Old age. What is it like? «, «In my old age I will…», «Happiness… as I understand it» were used. The essays were written by school students of the 7th, 8th and 9th forms in 2005, 2010, 2015–2016, 2020. Methods: free and directed pair by association experiments, comprehensive text analysis. The latter enabled the author to define the following parameters: communicative (speech strategies and tactics, communication types), cognitive (actualisation of meanings and cognitive structures), semantic (word selection, distribution of object features, identification of predicates and so on), statistical (the number of words per sentence and sentences per text). The results of the study: specific features of speech actions during free and directed pair by association tests were determined. Additionally, the research revealed that Generation Z members use slang verbal and graphic signs; typical scenarios caused by certain cognitive fragments which are present in their linguistic consciousness prevail. Conclusions: I-to-subject communication is the key means for organising narration, and it dominates the communicative organisation of connected texts independent of the topic. Semantic text development is based on the form and contents of the title and virtually follows it in the reactive dialogical mode. Introductions and conclusions in the essays are reduced. At the informational level, conceptual information outweighs factual and directly develops the thesis implied in the title. The variety of semantic, conceptual, cognitive features of the texts is limited; the essays are devoid of conceptual multiple layers. The development level of teenagers’ discursive thinking, in particular, inadequate development of speech activity determines their mastering of the format of a cohesive speech piece. This is shown in organisational simplicity and insufficient text volume; cohesion is achieved with the help of lexical and syntactic repetition. In the process of written speech, the types of performed speech actions aimed to verbalise meanings are connected with the reproduction of cognitive scenarios (temporal, identification, existential) already formed in the mind. The mentioned scenarios are also manifested during free and directed by pair association in the experimental setting.

scholarly journals EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS OF PREPARING STUDENTS OF SPECIALIZED UNIVERSITIES FOR ACTIVITIES IN EXTREME SITUATIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
A. A Karapuzikov
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
Learned Behavior ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Educational Conditions

In modern realities it is an urgent problem to fully prepare the students universities of the State Fire-Fighting Service of the EMERCOM of Russia for activities in extreme situations. This article analyzes the vocabulary of the study and gives author definitions of such terms as “extremeness”, “extreme situation”, “preparation of students of specialized universities for activities in extreme situations”, and “readiness of students of specialized universities for activities in extreme situations”. The key term of this research is the “readiness of students of specialized universities for activities in extreme situations” which is understood as a system of personal qualities combined with the result of educating a professional to conduct activities in extreme situations, including mature moral-volitional qualities, emotional stability, stress resistance, physical fitness, advanced skills, and learned behavior that are jointly necessary to perform professional tasks in extreme conditions. The article also provides a detailed analysis of the educational conditions that are needed to effectively implement the author's system of preparing students of specialized universities for activities in extreme situations”. Such conditions are: (1) the reflective and value-based orientation as a condition for the formation of readiness for the said activities; (2) the formation in students of the diversified forecasting skills; (3) the introduction of optional Training for Extreme and Emergency Situations course into the educational program of specialized universities. The experimental work confirmed the effectiveness of the formulated educational conditions. The identified criteria showed a positive trend in the readiness of students for activities in extreme situations.

scholarly journals Language Markers of Leadership in Political Discourse

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-146
Author(s):  
Olga M. Litvishko ◽  
Mohamad Ghashim ◽  
Svetlana N. Lvova
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Professional Group ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Anthropological Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Special Language

Leadership as an indispensable element of social relations is an object of research within different schools of thought; however, its common understanding has not been developed yet. Different authors share the opinion that leadership includes authority, ability to lead, take decisions, influence people, organize and structure group interaction, unite people to achieve a goal. In linguistics it is studied in sociolinguistics, political and anthropological linguistics. In the research the authors aim at detecting special language markers of leadership in the speech of a political leader which are verbalized by language means of different language layers, while their choice depends on sociocultural codes shared by the leader, typical of certain linguoculture, age, social, professional group, and stipulated by individual features of the leader’s personality. Considering the existing approaches to linguistic markers analysis, the authors point out at the relevance of sociolinguistic and athropolinguistic approaches, as these markers lie in the area of intersection of social dialect and leader’s idiolect. On the material of the interview of V.V. Putin to NBC journalist the authors attempt to detect, describe and classify markers of leadership in the political leader’ discourse. To define the lexical means of verbalization of leadership the authors employ the theoretical insights of conceptual fields theory. Pragmarhetoric markers are studied through speech acts theory. The research proved the authors’ hypothesis that a leader’s speech contains a multi-level complex of language markers of leadership, i.e. lexical and pragmarhetoric units which express the phenomenon of leadership in the discourse of a political leader.

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