scholarly journals Urbanization Processes in the Oil Region of Tatarstan in 1950–1960-s

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Marat Rinalovich Minkin ◽  
Irina Yuryevna Danilova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
War Economy ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

Large-scale urbanization processes that took place in the USSR in the 1950–1960s were associated with the restoration of the post-war economy and the continuation of the implementation of the industrial development program. The intensity of urbanization was directly dependent on the development of pro-duction in a particular region. The paper considers urbanization processes in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, where the country’s larg-est oil reserves were discovered during the study period, and the formation of an oil-producing indus-trial hub began. For several years, the backward agrarian region transformed into an industrial center with a developed urban economy and culture. The paper revealed the peculiarities of urbanization pro-cesses that took place in the 1950–1960s, using the example of the oil-producing region – the Tatar Au-tonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, analyzed the impact of the formation and development of large industrial production on changing the size and structure of the region's population. In this study individual stages of urbanization are shown, posi-tive and negative aspects are considered. The re-sults of urbanization in the Tatar Autonomous Sovi-et Socialist Republic in the economic, demographic and social spheres were revealed. The authors con-cluded that urbanization processes in the oil-producing region led to the formation of a new so-cio-cultural image of the republic, the active devel-opment of an urban society characterized by nation-al and regional specifics.

scholarly journals THE CHUVASH AUTONOMY AS PART OF NIZHNY NOVGOROD – GORKY TERRITORY (1929–1936): THE NATURE OF INTERACTION AMONG PARTY BODIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Anna V. Chernyshova ◽  
Elman E. Rzaev
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Management Personnel ◽  
Active Core ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Stated Problem

The article discusses the period when the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ChASSR) existed as a part of Nizhny Novgorod – Gorky Territory in 1929 – 1936. The reasons for the unification of regions are defined. The role of the ACP (b) governing bodies in the development of the region in the conditions of forced socialism construction is shown. The mechanisms of interaction between the party bodies of the ACP (b) regional organization and the party bodies of the Chuvash Autonomy are presented. The materials of regional party conferences reveal territory committee’s positive and negative assessments of the activity performed by the Chuvash party organization on solving the main problems of the Soviet society development in the 1930s: ensuring the industrial development of the Republic, collectivization and improvement of agriculture efficiency, cultural development of the region, its personnel support on the principles of indigenization. The analysis of meeting agendas defined the role of the plenum, the secretariat of the Party’s territory committee and regional assemblies of the party active core in improving the effectiveness of the party bodies of the Chuvash autonomy. Examples of interaction between sectoral structural divisions and institutions of party bodies to solve the problems of management personnel quality and anti-religious activity are given. The main features of interaction between the party bodies of Nizhny Novgorod – Gorky Territory and Chuvashia are emphasized. Prospects of performing research of the stated problem, its source base are determined.

Resettlement Processes in the Ukrainian SSR during the Holodomor (1932–34)

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-99
Author(s):  
Olesia Rozovyk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Power ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Federative Socialist Republic

This article, based on archival documents, reveals resettlement processes in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1932–34, which were conditioned by the repressive policy of the Soviet power. The process of resettlement into those regions of the Soviet Ukraine where the population died from hunger most, and which was approved by the authorities, is described in detail. It is noted that about 90,000 people moved from the northern oblasts of the Ukrainian SSR to the southern part of the republic. About 127,000 people arrived in Soviet Ukraine from the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) and the western oblasts of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). The material conditions of their residence and the reasons for the return of settlers to their previous places of inhabitance are described. I conclude that the resettlement policy of the authorities during 1932–34 changed the social and national composition of the eastern and southern oblasts of Ukraine.

THE IMPACT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROPERTY RELATIONS ON THE INSTITUTIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vugar Nazarov ◽  
◽  
Jamal Hajiyev ◽  
Vasif Ahadov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Scale Transformation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Property System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Local and foreign scientists are now paying growing attention to various issues of property and the philosophical and ethical, political, economic, institutional, social, psychological, and other aspects of its formation, taking into account the requirements of large-scale transformation, which primarily concern post-industrial areas of social development. In consequence, as modern studies rightfully point out, considering property relations, two general restrictions should be taken into account: this is an attempt to explain the absoluteness of their roles, the presence and content of all aspects of socio-economic relations by property relations; and the denial of the role of property as one of the most important factors determining the direction of social development in the present and future.This situation forces a new look at the economic policy of the state in this area, because any financial and monetary measures taken by the government will be doomed to failure if their implementation will be without interaction with the mechanisms of the private property system. The article defines the entrepreneurial sector of the region, its interaction with the institutions of the market system operating in all sectors and spheres of the region's economy, and also shows the influence of the development of property relations on the institutions of entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals National language issue in Soviet Azerbaijan (1920’s)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Khagan Balayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
National Language ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

On April 28, 1920, the Peoples Republic of Azerbaijan was overthrown as a result of the intrusion of the military forces of Russia and the support of the local communists, the Soviet power was established in Azerbaijan. The Revolutionary Committee of Azerbaijan and the Council of Peoples Commissars continued the language policy of the Peoples Republic of Azerbaijan. On February 28, 1921, the Revolutionary Committee of Azerbaijan issued an instruction on the application of Russian and Turkish as languages for correspondences in the government offices. On June 27, 1924, the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic executed the resolution of the second session of the Central Executive Committee of Transcaucasia and issued a decree “on the application of the official language, of the language of the majority and minority of the population in the government offices of the republic”. Article 1 of the said decree declared that the official language in the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic was Turkish.

scholarly journals The evaluation of Suchana, a large-scale development program to prevent chronic undernutrition in north-eastern Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuzhat Choudhury ◽  
Mohammad Jyoti Raihan ◽  
S M Tanvir Ahmed ◽  
Kazi Eliza Islam ◽  
Vanessa Self ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Cluster Randomized Trial ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Service Delivery Systems ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Evidence of the impact of community-based nutrition programs is uncommon for two main reasons: the lack of untreated controls, and implementation does not account for the evaluation design. Suchana is a large-scale program to prevent malnutrition in children in Sylhet Division, Bangladesh by improving the livelihoods and nutrition knowledge of poor and very poor households. Suchana is being implemented in 157 unions, the smallest administrative unit of government, in two districts of Sylhet. Suchana will deliver a package of interventions to poor people in about 40 randomly selected new unions annually over four years, until all are covered. All beneficiaries will receive the normal government nutrition services. For evaluation purposes the last 40 unions will act as a control for the first 40 intervention unions. The remaining unions will receive the program but will not take part in the evaluation. A baseline survey was conducted in both intervention and control unions; it will be repeated after three years to estimate the impact on the prevalence of stunted children and other indicators.This stepped wedge design has several advantages for both the implementation and evaluation of services, as well as some disadvantages. The units of delivery are randomized, which controls for other influences on outcomes; the program supports government service delivery systems, so it is replicable and scalable; and the program can be improved over time as lessons are learned. The main disadvantages are the difficulty of estimating the impact of each component of the program, and the geographical distribution of unions, which increases program delivery costs. Stepped implementation allows a cluster randomized trial to be achieved within a large-scale poverty alleviation program and phased-in and scaled-up over a period of time. This paper may encourage evaluators to consider how to estimate attributable impact by using stepped implementation, which allows the counterfactual group eventually to be treated.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF NATION-BUILDING IN KAZAKHSTAN IN 1923-1926: EXPERIENCE OF KORENIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF LANGUAGE LEGISLATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-844
Author(s):  
S.Sh. Kaziyev ◽  
E.N. Burdina
Keyword(s):  
Nation Building ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
National Language ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Language Legislation ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to nation-building in Kazakhstan in the first years of Soviet power. It is noted that significant attention in this process was given to the languages of the titular nations as official languages. The authors made an attempt to present the formation of legal guarantees for the functioning of the Kazakh and Russian languages of the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and their use in the state apparatus of the republic. The study is based on legislative acts and documents of 1917-1924 with the involvement of archival materials. The authors examined practical steps of korenization (nativization) with respect to party and Soviet administrative structures and transition to paperwork in two state languages in the KASSR. The article reflects the main problems of the implementation of language legislation and percentage korenization as a policy aimed at the formation of national management personnel and solving the problems of serving the population of Kazakhstan in their native language. The problems of introducing office work in the language of the titular nation of material, personnel, mental and other nature are investigated. The authors drew attention to the failure of the attempts of the Soviet state to quickly create an administrative apparatus in the KASSR from national personnel and introduce paperwork in the Kazakh language, as well as to the fact that the Soviet leadership understood this. The study shows the reasons for a significant revision of the korenization policy in the USSR and Soviet Kazakhstan, as well as the introduction of office work in the national language since 1926. Among the positive achievements of the Soviet regime, the creation of strong legal guarantees for the functioning of the Kazakh and Russian languages as the state languages of Kazakhstan of the studied period, as well as the partial korenization of the administrative apparatus of Kazakhstan as a result of targeted and progressive steps of the Soviet state to create national personnel, were noted.

A Study on the Establishment of Criteria for Reduction measures of Mega Drought in Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Park MooJong ◽  
Song Youngseok ◽  
Lee Heesup ◽  
Park Juhyeok
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Drought Damage

<p>Recently, climate change due to global warming has been frequented by large-scale weather disasters that have not been experienced in the past. Among various weather disasters, drought is one of the representative weather disasters in Korea recently along with heavy rains. In the case of drought, it occurs in a wide range in the short term and long term, and it is difficult to identify specific occurrence times, places, and causes, and damage and influence are enormous.</p><p>In the past, the Republic of Korea has been prepared with non-structural measures such as securing irrigation water for drought restoration, developing emergency management, and developing a drought information system based on drought index. The reduction measures for drought degradation were mainly used by Palmer Draught Severity Index (PDSI), Standardized Precision Index (SPI), Crop Moisture Index (CMI), Crop Specific Drug Index (CMI), and Profication (DICS Index), and Survey.</p><p>In this study, we intend to establish standards for reducing drought damage by investigating and analyzing drought damage characteristics in Korea. In the past, drought damage in Korea occurred in agriculture, living and industry, and the ministry manages and stores the data on drought damage. The drought damage in South Korea from 1965 to 2018 occurred a total of 204 times, mostly in South Gyeongsang and South Jeolla provinces, rather than in special cities and metropolitan cities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of drought damage in Korea and establish the measures to reduce mega drought.</p><p>Acknowledges : This research was supported by a grant(2019-MOIS31-010) from Fundamental Technology Development Program for Extreme Disaster Response funded by Korean Ministry of Interior and Safety(MOIS).</p>

Constantine Karamanlis

2020 ◽  
pp. 629-644
Author(s):  
Evanthis Hatzivassiliou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Political Methodology ◽  
Political Career ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Personal Impact ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the impact of Constantinos Karamanlis on Greek politics. Karamanlis, leader of the Greek Right, served as prime minister for fourteen years (1955–63 and 1974–80), and as president of the republic for ten (1980–5 and 1990–5). A major (and, at times, dominant) figure from the mid-1950s until the mid-1990s, he was pivotal in the attainment of economic development and the founding of an established democracy in 1974–75, as well as Greece’s association with the EEC (1961) and its eventual succession (1979–81). The chapter discusses his long political career, his popular support base and the evolution of the Greek Right from the early 1950s until the late 1970s. It also evaluates Karamanlis’ political methodology: it disputes the assumptions of older bibliography which focused on his personal impact only, and puts forward the more contemporary thesis that Karamanlis was the leader of a team that expressed a wider ideological trend and the need to adjust to Western governance in the post-war era. Last but not least, Karamanlis’ legacies are discussed, mostly on the European identity of the country; arguably, this legacy allowed the Greek Right to survive the grave economic and social crisis of the 2010s.

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