scholarly journals Proximate Analysis and Phytochemical Properties of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Seeds Grown and Consumed In Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nwobasi Chukwudi Samuel ◽  
Attamah Chinyere Genevieve
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Edible Seeds ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

Proximate and phytochemical compositions of Sesamum indicum seeds cultivated and consumed in Abakaliki, were determined. Abakaliki is the capital of Ebonyi State, one of the five south-eastern states of Nigeria. Sesame seeds are edible seeds which grow in pods. The fruit is a pubescent capsule grooved with a short triangular beak. Proximate analysis was carried out using the methods described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, A.O.A.C. (1997), while phytochemical analysis was carried out using the methods described by Harborne (1973). Sesame is principally cultivated in the northern part of Nigeria. However, bountiful harvest has been recorded recently in some southern states including Abakaliki, Ebonyi. This research was thus carried out to determine the effect of change in soil and climatic conditions on the nutritional contents of sesame. Proximate analysis indicated that sesame seeds contained 28.37% carbohydrate, 26.63% fats/oil, 23.32% protein, 7.37% moisture, 10.28% crude fibre and 4.02% ash. Determination of the phytochemical contents of the seed showed the presence of saponin (5.60mg/100g), alkaloid (4.80mg/100g), tannin (3.87mg/100g), phenol (13.83mg/100g) and flavonoids (18.03mg/100g). Statistical analyses showed that carbohydrates, fats/oil and proteins occur in significant quantities; an indication that sesame seeds possess high nutritive values. Also, the presence of significant values of some phytochemicals like flavonoids and phenol implies that sesame seeds are endowed with antioxidant and other medicinal potentials. Consumption of Sesamum indicum seeds is thus recommended as part of daily dietary intake due to the high nutritional and medicinal values.

scholarly journals Determination of Nutritional Composition of Ackee’s Apple Blighia sapida and Monkey Kola Cola millenii

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Oyetade Joshua Akinropo ◽  
Bello Lukman Abidemi ◽  
Adesiyan Blessing Adedayo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fruit Samples

The proximate analysis of the fruit sample that homogenously sampled from the wild was taken and quartered to get appreciable weight fit for analysis. Due to it perishable nature the quartered sample for each of the fruit was stored in an air tight container and kept in the refrigerator at a temperature of about 4°C. For the determination of the nutritional composition, parameters which include their proximate, minerals, and vitamin C were quantitatively determined while the anti-nutrient composition were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Compared to ackee’s apple, monkey cola was found to consist of 64.41% moisture content, 1.69% ash, 10.21% crude fibre, 1.25% crude fat, 4.44% crude fibre, 18.06% carbohydrates while ackee’s apple consist of 73.21% moisture, 1.49% ash, 9.38 % crude protein, 13.98% crude fat, 2.08% crude fibre, 0.86% carbohydrates and 4.45% of vitamin C. The mineral analysis for both samples was quantitatively determined using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The minerals determined for ackee’s apple and monkey cola were magnesium which was 1391.65 ppm, calcium 628.23 ppm, sodium 506.96 ppm, potassium 3976.14 ppm, iron 1.0 ppm, copper 5.00, zinc 4.00, cobalt 3.0 and phosphorus 2616.90 ppm the iron however, was not detected. Ackee’s apple on the other hand, consist of magnesium 498.01 ppm, calcium 478.56 ppm, sodium 398.80 ppm, potassium 4970.18 ppm, copper 2.00, zinc 5.00, cobalt 3.0 and phosphorus 373.84 ppm. The qualitative screening of the anti-nutrients revealed the absence of phenol from both fruit samples while tannins were present only in the monkey cola. The flavonoids, phytic acid and oxalate were quantitatively determined to be 1240 mg, 625 mg and 155 mg for Monkey kola and 640 mg, 340 mg and 65 mg for Ackee’s apple.

scholarly journals Proximate Analysis and Phytochemical Profile of Brachystegia eurycoma Leaves

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uyoyoghene O. Ududua ◽  
Michael O. Monanu ◽  
Lawrence C. Chuku
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Oleoyl Chloride ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Aim: This study investigated the proximate and phytochemical composition of Brachystegia eurycoma leaves. Methods: Crude ethanol extract of B. eurycoma leaves was obtained by cold extraction method.  AOAC method was used for proximate analysis. Phytochemical profiling was done with qualitative phytochemical evaluation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analytical method. Matching and interpretation of the spectral was done with the National Institute standard and Technology (NIST05) library. Results: The proximate analysis result showed B. eurycoma leaves to be abundant in param­eters evaluated in the order of 31.47±0.43% Carbohydrate > 15.15±0.04% Ash > 14.45±0.15 crude fibre > 13.83±0.32 protein > 13.14±0.22 moisture > 1.97±0.01 fat. Qualitative phytochemical analysis detected alkaloid, saponin, tannin, diterpenes, phenol, quinine, flavonoid, protein, xanthoprotein and cardiac glycoside in the leaves of B. eurycoma. GC/MS data showed that the prevailing volatile bioactive compounds in ethanol leaf extract of B. eurycoma were 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (13.23%), cis-9-Hexadecenal (10.40%), Desulphosinigrin (10.34%), Phytol (7.58%), Hydroquinone (7.23%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (6.61%), Oleoyl chloride (6.10%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (5.89%), Hexadecanoic acid, (2.97%), Benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-(1.94%), Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) (1.92%). Conclusion: The result of this preliminary investigation reveals the potentials of B. eurycoma leaves as candidate for food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutraceutical industries.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis on the Phytochemical, Proximate and Mineral Composition of the Seeds and Peels of Lime

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Uzama ◽  
S. C. Okolo ◽  
R. U. Okoh-Esene ◽  
A. B. Adebiyi ◽  
A.T. Orishadipe
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

Comparative Analysis on the Phytochemical, proximate and mineral composition of the seeds and peels of lime was carried out. The phytochemical, and proximate screenings were carried out using standard methods. The mineral analysis was carried out by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The proximate analysis revealed that the seeds contain Moisture 8.20%, Ash 12.09%,Crude fat 8.50%,Crude Protein 1.93%,Crude fibre 20.71%, and Carbohydrate 48.58% while the peels contain Moisture10.60%, Ash 15.27%, Crude fat14.67%, Crude Protein 2.30%, Crude fibre23.36% and Carbohydrate 33.80%.The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and volatile oils in both the seeds and peels of the lime. In addition, the seeds contain steroids, while the peels contain tannins, balsams and anthraquinone. The mineral analysis revealed that the seeds contains Ni(0.17mg/100g),Pb(0.01mg/100g),Mn (0.20mg/100g),Zn(0.57mg/100g)Cr(0.17mg/100g),Mg(9.02mg/100g),Ca(27.02mg/100g),Cd(0.01mg/100g), Fe(2.55mg/100g) and Cu(4.81mg/100g) while the peels contain Ni(0.15mg/100g),Pd(0.21mg/100g),Mn(0,21mg/100g),Zn(0.23mg/100g),Cr(0.13mg/100g),Mg(7.61mg/100g),Ca(100.22mg/100g),Cd(0.01mg/100g),Fe(1.67mg/100g) and Cu(0.21mg/100g).The lime seeds and peels can serve as potential sources of drugs and nutrition with the seeds having higher concentration of minerals. 

scholarly journals Nutritional Study of Processed Amygdalus communis L. Sesamum indicum and Bertholletia excelsa Nuts on Two Weeks Old Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Blessing M. Onyegeme-Okerenta ◽  
Omeodu Steve ◽  
Okere Peace Ijeoma
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Water Group ◽  
Brazil Nuts ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

The study evaluated the nutritional benefits of processed Almond nuts, Sesame seeds and Brazil nut on two weeks old Wistar rats. The rats were weighed and arranged into seven groups and feed for 4 weeks. Group one (control) was fed with commercial rat feed and distilled water. Group two was fed with a diet formulated from Brazil nuts and distilled water. Group three was fed with a diet formulated from almond seeds and distilled water only while Group four was fed with a diet formulated from sesame seeds. Group five was fed with diet from sesame + almond seeds while Group six was fed with a diet formulated from Brazil +almond nuts. Group seven was fed with a diet formulated from Brazil + Almond nuts +Sesame seeds. Biochemical and haematological analyses were carried out applying standard methods and procedures. Results for proximate analysis indicated that Brazil nut contains 4.03% Ash, 7.61% crude moisture, 43.74% crude lipid, 12.82% crude protein, 8.7% crude fibre and 28.1% carbohydrate. Plasma enzyme activities of rats fed with Brazil nuts were: ALT (22.96±1.95U/l), AST (66.49±3.33 U/l), ALP (64.18±2.76 (U/l) and GGT (6.89±1.69 (U/l). Total protein, albumin, and total bilirubin concentrations were 53.56±2.03 g/dl, 32.13±1.21 g/dl and 3.82±0.20 g/dl respectively. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL concentrations were 2.83±0.42 mmol/l, 1.35±0.02 mmol/l, 4.10±0.19 mmol/l, 4.72±0.13 mmol/l respectively. The PCV, Hb, WBC, RBC, Platelet and MCV concentrations of rats fed with Brazil nuts only were 48.20±1.79%, 15.02±0.65 g/dl, 7.06±0.44 X103/mm3, 7.28±0.23 X106/mm3, 195.00±5.79 X103/ml, and 6.63±0.43 X10-7fl respectively which were significantly (p<0.05) different from the control values. The result is suggestive that they can be incorporated as a supplementary diet for Wistar rats. However, the results obtained from rats feed with almond and Brazil nuts were more significant when compared with sesame seeds.

Determination of proximate and phytochemical composition of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) forage

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
M. Afolayan ◽  
S. B. Afolayan ◽  
M. A. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
The Family ◽  
Locust Bean ◽  
African Locust Bean

Browse plants is one of the cheapest sources of feed for ruminants and other farm animals. The leaf of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa), a tree belonging to the family leguminoceae was studied. The Locust bean foliage (LBF) was evaluated for the proximate and antinutritional factors. The proximate analysis showed that LBF had high crude protein (16.23%), dry matter DM (90.05%), crude fibre CF (21.36%), low fats (0.68%), ash (6.11) and soluble carbohydrate (55.62%). Anti–nutrients contents included oxalates (4.02 mg/100g), phytate (0.06 mg/100g), trypsin (0.44g/100g), saponin (2.80 mg/100g), cyanide (1.60 mg/100g), tannin (24.15 mg/100g) and alkaloid (6.70 mg/100g). The values obtained for the proximate composition may be an indication that LBF is a promising browse plants which could be fed to the grazing animals during the dry season, when fresh forages are scarce.

scholarly journals Diversity in proximate analysis of tubers of some African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) (Hochst Ex. A. Rich.) Harms (Fabaceae) accessions

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1787-1793
Author(s):  
T.E. Konyeme ◽  
B.L. Nyananyo ◽  
F.B.G. Tanee
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
African Yam Bean ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

This study was carried out to determine the proximate and mineral composition of fresh tubers of 17 African Yam Bean (AYB) accessions. Standard analytical procedures were adopted in the determination of bioactive compounds in the tubers of the different accessions. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics, principal component and clustering analysis. Ash content ranged between 4.59-9.99%, Carbohydrate (46.59-66.52%), Crude fibre (6.93-12.13), Fat (1.06-4.04%), Moisture content ranged between 11.36-21.91% and Protein (4.91-14.50%). The range of mineral content evaluated were: Calcium (1.53-5.82), Copper (10.59-44.93), Iron (63.52-240.48), Magnesium (0.59-2.26), Manganese (42.25-160.01), Nitrogen (0.75-2.23%), Potassium (1.34-5.08), Sodium (0.05-0.22) and Zinc (28.24-106.93. The proximate variables in the tubers significantly (P<0.05) distinguished the 17 AYB accessions. Three distinct clusters were visible. The seven accessions in cluster I had the highest protein, carbohydrate and moisture content. Cluster II had the least mineral content. Accessions with the highest fat and mineral content were grouped in cluster III. Food, nutritional and medicinal values inherent in AYB tubers is high and promising, its utilization in human and livestock feeds is greatly encourage. Keywords: Accessions, African yam bean, diversity, proximate analysis, tubers

scholarly journals Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacity of the Leaves of Aloe greatheadii var. davyana from Four South African Provinces

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1830-1834
Author(s):  
Sechene S. Gololo ◽  
Denga Nthai ◽  
Motetelo A. Mogale
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Saponin ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

The current study was aimed at the determination of the phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity of the leaves of A. greatheadii from four provinces of South Africa. The leaves samples of A. greatheadii were collected at four different locations in South Africa; namely, Limpopo province (Polokwane), Gauteng province (Ga-Rankuwa), Mpumalanga province (Siyabuswa) and North-West province (Brits) during the summer season of the year. The ground samples were then extracted in a serial sequential procedure with different organic solvents using cold maceration extraction method. The extracts were then subjected to quantitative phytochemical analysis for the determination of total phenolic, total tannin, total flavonoid and total saponin content. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of the methanol extracts were evaluated through the DPPH assay. Quantitative phytochemical analysis showed variation in the total phenolic, total tannin, total flavonoid and total saponin contents of the samples from different locations, with specific phytochemicals found in higher amounts at different locations. However, upon calculation of the total phytochemical content the high amount was recorded with the Limpopo province sample. Variation in the antioxidant capacity (EC50 based) of the samples from different locations was demonstrated, with the Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces’ samples showing high capacity. The results demonstrated that the variation in geographical locations has an effect on the phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity of the leaves of A. greatheadii. Furthermore, the Limpopo province area with a high altitude appeared to be providing suitable growing conditions for high accumulation of phytochemicals and higher antioxidant capacity.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, Proximate and Mineral Analysis of Different Parts of Senna Alata Linn

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Okeke U.C. ◽  
Okeke N.P. ◽  
Orji N.M. ◽  
Mbaukwu A.O. ◽  
Iroka F.C.
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Senna Alata ◽  
Potassium Magnesium ◽  
Iron And Calcium ◽  
Different Parts

This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical and proximate composition of the flowers, leaves, stem and root of Senna alata. The phytochemical analysis result revealed that saponin was highest in the leaf (4.13±0.035), flavonoid was higher in the stem (6.63±0.064) while anthraquinone was highest in the root (4.52±0.438). The result of the proximate analysis showed that carbohydrate was higher in the leaf (33.81±0.827), root (50.52±1.945) and flower (55.67±0.021). The result of the mineral composition showed that the leaf, root, flower and stem extract of S. alata were higher in potassium (779.01±0.276, 556.39±0.198, 1121.85±0.141, and 246.29±0.042). The results obtained from this research revealed that the leaves, roots, flowers and stem of Senna alata Linn were rich in crude fibre, crude protein, carbohydrate, potassium, magnesium, iron and calcium. That is, well-processed parts of Senna alata may improve the health status of livestock.

Adaptive changes of the hair coat of the horses of zabaykalsky aborigenous breed

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Shkyratova ◽  
B. Z. Bazaron ◽  
T. N. Khamiruev ◽  
S. M. Dashinimaev
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Shoulder Blade ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The seasonal changes in the skin thickness and structure of the horses’ coat, as signs of adaptation to environmental factors, were studied. The experiment was carried out with the livestock kept in a herd using winter-grazing technology without additional feedings in the climatic conditions of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The objects of the research were adult mares of Zabaikalsky breed of horses of the same age, class and fatness. The studies were carried out in the middle of each season (May, July, October, February). The length of the coat was measured with a caliper, the coat itself with the determination of the ratio of hair (fl uffy hair, heterotype hair and coarse hair) and the thickness of the skin fold were measured in accordance with the approved methodological recommendations. The minimum skin thickness in winter was detected in mares on the back and shoulder blade – 4.3 and 4.4 mm, the maximum – on the side and thigh – 4.5 4.6 mm. When compared with the summer period, the increase on the side was 0.8 mm, whereas on the back, shoulder blade and thigh – 0.4 mm (p ≤ 0,001). In spring, thickening of the skin was noted within 0.1-0.3 mm in the same topographic areas, compared to autumn. The quantitative indicators of the coat changed depending on the season of the year. In winter, the coat contained more fl uffy hair (23.10%), and less coarse hair (68.24%), in summer there was a lower content of fl uffy hair (4.33%), but more coarse hair (94.01%.) Sharp seasonal changes were noted with regard to the length of the hair. The longest hair was found in winter and spring – 4.96 and 4.26 cm, whereas the shortest – in summer and autumn – 0.94 and 1.90 cm, respectively.

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