scholarly journals Proximate Analysis and Phytochemical Profile of Brachystegia eurycoma Leaves

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uyoyoghene O. Ududua ◽  
Michael O. Monanu ◽  
Lawrence C. Chuku
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Oleoyl Chloride ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Aim: This study investigated the proximate and phytochemical composition of Brachystegia eurycoma leaves. Methods: Crude ethanol extract of B. eurycoma leaves was obtained by cold extraction method.  AOAC method was used for proximate analysis. Phytochemical profiling was done with qualitative phytochemical evaluation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analytical method. Matching and interpretation of the spectral was done with the National Institute standard and Technology (NIST05) library. Results: The proximate analysis result showed B. eurycoma leaves to be abundant in param­eters evaluated in the order of 31.47±0.43% Carbohydrate > 15.15±0.04% Ash > 14.45±0.15 crude fibre > 13.83±0.32 protein > 13.14±0.22 moisture > 1.97±0.01 fat. Qualitative phytochemical analysis detected alkaloid, saponin, tannin, diterpenes, phenol, quinine, flavonoid, protein, xanthoprotein and cardiac glycoside in the leaves of B. eurycoma. GC/MS data showed that the prevailing volatile bioactive compounds in ethanol leaf extract of B. eurycoma were 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (13.23%), cis-9-Hexadecenal (10.40%), Desulphosinigrin (10.34%), Phytol (7.58%), Hydroquinone (7.23%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (6.61%), Oleoyl chloride (6.10%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (5.89%), Hexadecanoic acid, (2.97%), Benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-(1.94%), Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) (1.92%). Conclusion: The result of this preliminary investigation reveals the potentials of B. eurycoma leaves as candidate for food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutraceutical industries.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL STATUS, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTY OF DATURA METEL L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Jithu U. Krishnan ◽  
Meera George ◽  
Ajesh G.
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Objective: Medicinal plants are a source of great economic value all over the world and are on the front dusk of traditional medicine. Daturametel L, is one among the foresaid and this plant can be explored further as per its diversity of uses and on the basis of wide range of chemical compounds reported to be present in various parts of the plant. In the present investigation, Phyto-chemistry of D. metel has been analysed along with its antibacterial property.Methods: The selected plant leaves were collected and powdered. The bioactive compounds were extracted by using different solvents. Various phytochemical tests for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides and amino acids were done accordingly with standard protocol of testing. The study also extends to view the anti-bacterial potential by determining inhibition of growth using agar well diffusion method.Results: Phytochemical analysis reflected the presence of compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and amino acids. It was noted that steroids and tannins are absent. Antimicrobial activity proves extract of ethanolis the most promising against the pathogens from the rest screened.Conclusion: Thearticle addresses, the undocumented knowledge regarding the phytochemical profile of D. metel which demand further exploration widely to serve Humanity. Antimicrobial potential of ethanol extract are very promising to deliver it as a pharmaceutical.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis on the Phytochemical, Proximate and Mineral Composition of the Seeds and Peels of Lime

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Uzama ◽  
S. C. Okolo ◽  
R. U. Okoh-Esene ◽  
A. B. Adebiyi ◽  
A.T. Orishadipe
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

Comparative Analysis on the Phytochemical, proximate and mineral composition of the seeds and peels of lime was carried out. The phytochemical, and proximate screenings were carried out using standard methods. The mineral analysis was carried out by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The proximate analysis revealed that the seeds contain Moisture 8.20%, Ash 12.09%,Crude fat 8.50%,Crude Protein 1.93%,Crude fibre 20.71%, and Carbohydrate 48.58% while the peels contain Moisture10.60%, Ash 15.27%, Crude fat14.67%, Crude Protein 2.30%, Crude fibre23.36% and Carbohydrate 33.80%.The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and volatile oils in both the seeds and peels of the lime. In addition, the seeds contain steroids, while the peels contain tannins, balsams and anthraquinone. The mineral analysis revealed that the seeds contains Ni(0.17mg/100g),Pb(0.01mg/100g),Mn (0.20mg/100g),Zn(0.57mg/100g)Cr(0.17mg/100g),Mg(9.02mg/100g),Ca(27.02mg/100g),Cd(0.01mg/100g), Fe(2.55mg/100g) and Cu(4.81mg/100g) while the peels contain Ni(0.15mg/100g),Pd(0.21mg/100g),Mn(0,21mg/100g),Zn(0.23mg/100g),Cr(0.13mg/100g),Mg(7.61mg/100g),Ca(100.22mg/100g),Cd(0.01mg/100g),Fe(1.67mg/100g) and Cu(0.21mg/100g).The lime seeds and peels can serve as potential sources of drugs and nutrition with the seeds having higher concentration of minerals. 

scholarly journals AMINO ACID PROFILE AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF SEAHORSE Hippocampus comes

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-617
Author(s):  
Evi Maya Sari ◽  
Mala Nurilmala ◽  
Asadatun Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis

Seahorse is one of the marine living  resources usually used as ornamental fish, traditional medicinal materials, and souvenirs. The purpose of the study was to determine the proximate composition of wet and dry seahorses, determine the profile of amino acid hydrolyzate and powder of seahorses, and determines to content of bioactive compounds from the ethanol extract of seahorses on qualitatively. The sample of this study is seahorses obtained from nature. Prviously, seahorses were morphometric identified, subsequently, seahorses were made of the powder, hydrolyzate, and ethanol extract. Several analyzes used were qualitative analysis of proximate, amino acid, and phytochemical analysis. Morphometric identification results indicate that the type is Hippocampus comes. The proximate composition is water content is 66.16 ± 0.33% (wet) and 10.33 ± 0.16% (dry), ash content of 9.55 ± 0.15% (wet) and 9.65 ± 0.16% (dry), lipid content 1.18 ± 0.23% (wet) and 4.89 ± 0.37% (dry), protein content of 22.73 ± 0.17% (wet) and 69.83 ± 0.31% (dry), carbohydrate 0.39 ± 0.23 (wet) and 5.50 ± 0.34 (dry). The amino acid composition both on hydrolyzate and powder comprising 9 essential amino acids are lysine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalaline, valine, methionine, histidine, arginine, and threonine and 6 non essential amino acids are tyrosine, alanine, glycine, serine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. The results of identification of bioactive compounds is flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, and phenol of hydroquinone. Keywords: Hippocampus comes, proximate analysis, amino acid, and bioactive compounds

scholarly journals PROXIMATE AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HEALTHY AND INFECTED MAIZE GRAINS IN ANAMBRA STATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-40
Author(s):  
C. E Anyaegbu ◽  
O.J Oledibe, ◽  
J.E Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods

Four samples of stored maize grains were bought from Awka, Awkuzu, Onitsha and Nnewi. Direct and indirect methods of Fawole and Oso, 1998 were used to isolate the fungi responsible for the spoilage of post harvest maize grains after which four genera were isolated namely: Curvularia spp, Fusarium spp, Rhizopus spp and Aspergillus spp. They were identified using Barmette and Haunter, 1987 method of identification. The percentage of occurrence of the fungi from different samples shows that Aspergillus niger occured with a frequency of 31.5%, A. flavus with 31%, Rhizopus spp with 15.25%, Fusarium spp with 14.5% and the least Curvularia spp with 7.5%. AOAC method of 1999 was used to obtain the nutritional values of the maize grains. Good and spoilt maize grains were used in this research. Spoilt maize grains were used after four months of purchase. Anova were used to compare the nutritional values of both good and spoilt maize samples from the different locations. Six nutrients were obtained from both good and spoilt maize grains namely: crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, moisture content, ash content and carbohydrate. The results differ in their values for both good and spoilt maize grains. The spoilt maize grains have little protein, fibre and fat and more of ash and carbohydrate. Further research was made on the phytochemical contents of maize and seven metabolites were obtained mamely: oxalate, phytate, tannin, phenol, alkaloid, flavonoid and glycoside. In order to reduce post-harvest grain loss of maize, periodical training of farmers on proper storage facilities are necessary

The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils and extracts of Dalbergia odorifera leaves

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 755-763
Author(s):  
Ruoke Ma ◽  
Heng Liu ◽  
Fujun Shi ◽  
Yunlin Fu ◽  
Penglian Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dalbergia Odorifera

AbstractTo analyze the chemical composition and evaluate the potential commercial value of Dalbergia odorifera leaves, the chemical component and content of the essential oils (EOs), fatty acids (FAs), polyphenols and flavonoids in the leaves of D. odorifera were studied. The composition of the EOs obtained by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) (at the yield of 0.092%) and hydro-distillation (HD) (at the yield of 0.050%) from D. odorifera leaves was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Seventy-six compounds were identified and the major compounds were phytol (22.5–24.3%), 4-vinylguaiacol (8.7–12.7%), dihydroedulan II (7.4–11.2%), γ-elemene (5.1–6.2%), cedrol (2.8–6.1%), coumaran (0.9–3.1%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (2.5–2.7%). The FA yield extracted by ultrasound was 1.145% (w/w), and the most abundant FA components were palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) in leaves. The results of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoli-ne-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+) radical scavenging experiments demonstrated that the EOs and FAs possess strong antioxidant activity. The ethanol extract of the leaves had a high polyphenol content [16.00 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g−1 dry weight (DW)] and flavonoid content [8.92 mg rutin equivalent (RE) g−1 DW]. This research has determined qualitatively and quantitatively the isoflavonoids (biochanin A, isoliquiritigenin, tectorigenin and genistein) by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The phytochemical analysis (EOs, FAs and flavonoids) of the extract showed that the D. odorifera leaf is a rich source of high bioactive compounds and might have the potential to be recommended for further cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals Semibarbula orientalis (Web.) Wijk. and Marg: A Potential Source of Bioactive and High Value Phytochemicals

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Vinod Deora ◽  
G. S. Deora
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Aims: Present study aims to evaluate the presence of bioactive compounds of Semibarbula orientalis (Pottiales: Pottiaceae), a bryophyte whole plant methanolic extract by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) which are important medicinally as well flavouring and colouring agents. Study design: Qualitative preliminary phytochemical and GC-MS analysis. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Department of Botany, Center of Advanced Study, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur-Rajasthan (India) from January 2017 to December 2020. Methodology: The Preliminary phytochemical screening of S.orientalis was carried out qualitatively following the standard methods of Harbourne, Trease and Evans. GC-MS analysis was performed by GC-MS-QP 2010 Shimadzu, Japan equipped with thermal desorption system TD 20. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, phenols, sterols, flavonoids and terpenoids. GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract of whole plant revealed the presence of 49 bioactive phytoconstituents which include mainly n-Hexadecanoic acid, Cis-vaccenic acid, Azulene, Hexadecanoic acid metyl ester, 1,3-Propanediol, 2-(hydroxyl methyl)-2-nitro, 9-12 Octadecadienol chloride (z,z), Octadecanoic acid etc. Conclusion: Preliminary phytochemical and GC-MS profiling of methanolic extract Semibarbula orientalis whole plant showed the presence of high value bioactive compounds with important medicinal properties and other uses in food industries as flavouring and colouring agents.

scholarly journals Proximate Analysis and Phytochemical Properties of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Seeds Grown and Consumed In Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nwobasi Chukwudi Samuel ◽  
Attamah Chinyere Genevieve
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Edible Seeds ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

Proximate and phytochemical compositions of Sesamum indicum seeds cultivated and consumed in Abakaliki, were determined. Abakaliki is the capital of Ebonyi State, one of the five south-eastern states of Nigeria. Sesame seeds are edible seeds which grow in pods. The fruit is a pubescent capsule grooved with a short triangular beak. Proximate analysis was carried out using the methods described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, A.O.A.C. (1997), while phytochemical analysis was carried out using the methods described by Harborne (1973). Sesame is principally cultivated in the northern part of Nigeria. However, bountiful harvest has been recorded recently in some southern states including Abakaliki, Ebonyi. This research was thus carried out to determine the effect of change in soil and climatic conditions on the nutritional contents of sesame. Proximate analysis indicated that sesame seeds contained 28.37% carbohydrate, 26.63% fats/oil, 23.32% protein, 7.37% moisture, 10.28% crude fibre and 4.02% ash. Determination of the phytochemical contents of the seed showed the presence of saponin (5.60mg/100g), alkaloid (4.80mg/100g), tannin (3.87mg/100g), phenol (13.83mg/100g) and flavonoids (18.03mg/100g). Statistical analyses showed that carbohydrates, fats/oil and proteins occur in significant quantities; an indication that sesame seeds possess high nutritive values. Also, the presence of significant values of some phytochemicals like flavonoids and phenol implies that sesame seeds are endowed with antioxidant and other medicinal potentials. Consumption of Sesamum indicum seeds is thus recommended as part of daily dietary intake due to the high nutritional and medicinal values.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, Proximate and Mineral Analysis of Different Parts of Senna Alata Linn

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Okeke U.C. ◽  
Okeke N.P. ◽  
Orji N.M. ◽  
Mbaukwu A.O. ◽  
Iroka F.C.
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Senna Alata ◽  
Potassium Magnesium ◽  
Iron And Calcium ◽  
Different Parts

This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical and proximate composition of the flowers, leaves, stem and root of Senna alata. The phytochemical analysis result revealed that saponin was highest in the leaf (4.13±0.035), flavonoid was higher in the stem (6.63±0.064) while anthraquinone was highest in the root (4.52±0.438). The result of the proximate analysis showed that carbohydrate was higher in the leaf (33.81±0.827), root (50.52±1.945) and flower (55.67±0.021). The result of the mineral composition showed that the leaf, root, flower and stem extract of S. alata were higher in potassium (779.01±0.276, 556.39±0.198, 1121.85±0.141, and 246.29±0.042). The results obtained from this research revealed that the leaves, roots, flowers and stem of Senna alata Linn were rich in crude fibre, crude protein, carbohydrate, potassium, magnesium, iron and calcium. That is, well-processed parts of Senna alata may improve the health status of livestock.

Pharmacognostical fingerprinting and selective bioactivity studies of Solanum glaucophyllum Desf.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindya Sundar Ray ◽  
Suman Kalyan Mandal ◽  
Chowdhury Habibur Rahaman
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

Solanum glaucophyllum Desf. (Solanaceae) is traditionally used for curing several health conditions in both human and domesticated animals. There is no data available regarding pharmacognostic standardization and pharmacological activity of this less known medicinal plant. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to prepare pharmacognostic fingerprints of crude drugs obtained from the leaf and stem parts of S. glaucophyllum. Apart from this detailed phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies have also been carried out. Pharmacognostic study revealed that the leaves are amphistomatic and stomata are strictly of anisocytic type. Values of stomatal index, palisade ratio, ash content of the investigated parts are found distinct and can be used as pharmacognostic standards for evaluation of crude drugs of this medicinal plant. Phytochemical studies of the leaf and stem parts indicated that phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids are present in quite impressible amount. Curcumin content in stem was found very high through HPLC analysis. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, the stem part showed significant antioxidant potential. Ethanol extract of stem produced maximum inhibition zone (11mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the concentration of 50 mg/ml among five test microorganisms. Some pharmacognostic features recorded in this study as diagnostic ones will help in proper identification of this ethnomedicinal plant in its fresh as well as dried form. On the other hand preliminary phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies highlight the S. glaucophyllum as a promising candidate for bioprospecting.

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