scholarly journals Nutritional Study of Processed Amygdalus communis L. Sesamum indicum and Bertholletia excelsa Nuts on Two Weeks Old Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Blessing M. Onyegeme-Okerenta ◽  
Omeodu Steve ◽  
Okere Peace Ijeoma
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Water Group ◽  
Brazil Nuts ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

The study evaluated the nutritional benefits of processed Almond nuts, Sesame seeds and Brazil nut on two weeks old Wistar rats. The rats were weighed and arranged into seven groups and feed for 4 weeks. Group one (control) was fed with commercial rat feed and distilled water. Group two was fed with a diet formulated from Brazil nuts and distilled water. Group three was fed with a diet formulated from almond seeds and distilled water only while Group four was fed with a diet formulated from sesame seeds. Group five was fed with diet from sesame + almond seeds while Group six was fed with a diet formulated from Brazil +almond nuts. Group seven was fed with a diet formulated from Brazil + Almond nuts +Sesame seeds. Biochemical and haematological analyses were carried out applying standard methods and procedures. Results for proximate analysis indicated that Brazil nut contains 4.03% Ash, 7.61% crude moisture, 43.74% crude lipid, 12.82% crude protein, 8.7% crude fibre and 28.1% carbohydrate. Plasma enzyme activities of rats fed with Brazil nuts were: ALT (22.96±1.95U/l), AST (66.49±3.33 U/l), ALP (64.18±2.76 (U/l) and GGT (6.89±1.69 (U/l). Total protein, albumin, and total bilirubin concentrations were 53.56±2.03 g/dl, 32.13±1.21 g/dl and 3.82±0.20 g/dl respectively. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL concentrations were 2.83±0.42 mmol/l, 1.35±0.02 mmol/l, 4.10±0.19 mmol/l, 4.72±0.13 mmol/l respectively. The PCV, Hb, WBC, RBC, Platelet and MCV concentrations of rats fed with Brazil nuts only were 48.20±1.79%, 15.02±0.65 g/dl, 7.06±0.44 X103/mm3, 7.28±0.23 X106/mm3, 195.00±5.79 X103/ml, and 6.63±0.43 X10-7fl respectively which were significantly (p<0.05) different from the control values. The result is suggestive that they can be incorporated as a supplementary diet for Wistar rats. However, the results obtained from rats feed with almond and Brazil nuts were more significant when compared with sesame seeds.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Nutritional Profiles of Cnidoscolus chayamansa (Mc Vaugh) Leaf Collected in Jos, North Central, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
M. K. Jiyil ◽  
R. J. Kutshik ◽  
C. E. Mafuyai ◽  
V. P. Dalong ◽  
D. H. Edward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
North Central ◽  
Cnidoscolus Chayamansa ◽  
Nutritional Profiles

Background: Plants could either be ornamental, medicinal, as well as nutritional, hence there has been a high level of reliance on plants as a whole by both man and animals for survival. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the Phytochemical contents and Nutritional Profiles of Cnidoscolus chayamansa  Leaf Collected in Jos, North Central, Nigeria. Study Duration: This study was conducted on 30th June, 2019 at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria. Methodology: The proximate and phytochemical compositions were investigated in accordance with standard procedures. Mineral concentrations were determined by using flame photometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, calorimetry.  Crude protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method and amino acid profile were analyzed using Technicon sequential Multi-Sample Amino Acid Analyzer (TSM). Results: The preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, tanins, saponins, terpenes and steroids, balsam and phenol with the absence of cardiac glycosides, and resin. The proximate analysis showed high carbohydrate (27.48±0.02), crude fibre (25.18±0.02) and protein (18.63±0.01), moderate concentration of moisture content (12.62±0.00) and ashes content (11.68±0.01), low concentration of crude lipid (4.40±0.01). The minerals detected were calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, manganese, cobalt, sulphur, aluminium, zinc, molybdenum, and Phosphorus. Seventeen amino acids were analysed; nine essential amino acids namely; Leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, trptophane, valine, threonine, arginine, methionine and histidine and Eight non-essential amino acids namely; proline, tyrosine, cysteine, alanine, glutamate, gycine, serine and aspartic. Glutamic and leucine acids were found in higher concentration as 10.14+ 0.016 and 8.99+ 0.000 respectively. Conclusion: This investigation shows that Cnidoscolus chayamansa leaf from Jos, Nigeria contains high medicinal and nutritional compositions which could be exploited for the treatment of diseases as well as nutritional supplements.

scholarly journals Exploring the Antimicrobial Activities of Chrysophyllum albidum Seed oil in Pharmaceutical and the Seeds in Food industry.

2021 ◽  
pp. 412-421
Author(s):  
Iyabo Oluremi Olabanji ◽  
Emmanuel Olugbenga Akinkunmi ◽  
Nancy Aniki O ◽  
Sunday Michael Arowosegbe ◽  
Olukayode Solomon Ajayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

The anti- microbial activity tests of the seed oil, NaOH and ash soaps of the seed oil, of C.albidum were carried out to determine their effectiveness against gram+, gram– bacteria and some fungi strains. The proximate analysis of C.albidum seeds was performed to determine its nutritional benefits to mankind. Agar diffusion tests using Disc diffusion for the pure oils and soaps while the cup plate test method for dilutions was used in the determination of in-vitro activities. Standard methods as described by AOAC, (1990); AOAC, (1984) and Kjeldahl method described by Chang (2003) were used for proximate determinations. The results show the activity of the oil against Klebsiella pneumonia at a concentration as low as 10 mg/ml. The ash-soap of the leaves shows the highest antimicrobial activities because its MIC is the closest to the standard, Streptomycin. It possesses activity against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia at a concentration as low as 5mg/ml. The % proximate analysis composition shows Moisture content, Ash content, Crude Fibre, fat/Oil, Protein, Carbohydrates as follows (14.98, 1.90, 2.09, 2.38, 12.14 and 67.65)%. The study concluded by unleashing the great potential of Chrysophyllum albidum seeds as a useful raw material in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries rather than being regarded as waste in the environment

scholarly journals Brazil nuts: nutritional benefits from a unique combination of antioxidants

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Giovanini de Oliveira Sartori ◽  
Marisa A. B. Regitano-d’Arce ◽  
Leif H. Skibsted
Keyword(s):  
Health Effect ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Brazil Nuts ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Brazil nut is the seed of the Bertholletia excelsa tree, which grows naturally in the rainforests of South America. The production chain is environmentally sustainable as seeds are collected from the hard-shelled indehiscent fruits as they fall on the forest floor, without the need of deforestation. Brazil nut is among the most popular and commercially important tree nuts, and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease among other health benefits have been related to their consumption. A high content of both soluble and bound phenolic antioxidants, especially in the brown skin of the kernel, partly explains this positive health effect together with a high content of oleic acid and linoleic acid. The ω-3/ω-6 is less favorable, but the relatively high content of delta-tocopherol for a tree nut and the highest selenium (Se) level among all foods warrant other health benefits such as antioxidant activity and anticancer effects. Se levels in Brazil nuts vary strongly depending on origin, and recommendations for their safe consumption should be made and added in food labels in order to avoid selenosis.

scholarly journals Nutrition Evaluation of Faidherbia albida Seeds and Pulp as Source of Feeds for Livestock

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Hassan L. G. ◽  
◽  
Kabiru J Umar ◽  
Yuguda H
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Faidherbia Albida ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Acacia Albida

The present study was conducted to find out the nutritional values of Faidherbia albida (Acacia albida) seeds and pulp to be used as components in livestock feeds. The samples were randomly collected from various trees during the period of January to February. The samples were separated, milled and analysed for proximate components and mineral elements using standard methods of the AOAC. Proximate analysis results showed that the concentrations of tested parameters in the seed and the pulp respectively on % dry matter were: dry matter (90.0 + 0.4; 93.3 + 0.2), ash (3.3 + 0.1; 6.7 + 0.1), crude protein (20.6 + 1.2; 19.5 + 0.4), crude lipid (13.3 + 0.1; 3.3 + 0.1), crude fibre (6.7 + 0.1; 13.3 + 0.2), and available carbohydrate (46.1 + 0.1; 50.53 + 0.7). The results indicated that the contents of dry matter, ash, crude fibre and available carbohydrate were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the pulp compared to the seed while the crude lipid values, however, were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in seeds compared to pulp. Crude protein values did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between treatment means of seeds and pulp. The estimated energy value was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the seed (1,682 kJ/100g) compared to pulp (1,363kJ/100g). The results for the mineral analysis indicate that the seeds and pulp contain appreciable concentrations (mg/100g) of Ca (136.6 + 5.0; 55.0 + 5.0); Mg (135.0 + 2.0 + 5.0; 84.7 + 3.0); P (26.6 + 0.9; 29.6 + 0.7); K (144.5 + 0.2; 88.8 + 0.1); Na (12.5 + 0.1; 6.8 + 0.1); Fe (6.2 + 0.2; 8.8 + 0.3); Cu (5.8 + 0.1; 2.5 + 0.1) and Zn (8.0 + 0.1; 3.0 + 0.1). Mineral elements in seed are significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to that of pulp in most cases. From the results it can be inferred that the seed and pulp of F. albida could be an important source of feed ingredient for livestock if properly harnessed.

scholarly journals Nutritive Values of the Leaves of Crescentia Cujete (Ugbuba)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Umudi E. Queen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Analytical Chemist ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Edible Purpose ◽  
Crescentia Cujete

Mineral and proximate analysis of Crescentia Cujete (Ugbugba) leaves were examined using the methods recommended by Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC). The leaves contained 51.00+1.05% moisture, 2.30+0.2% ash, crude protein 51.00+0.43%, crude lipid 1.90+0.08%, crude fibre 4.00+0.12%, carbohydrates 40.40+0.02%. The minerals ranges from mg/g dry weight K(30.02 + 0.03), Na (12.10+0.32), Ca (60.00+0.01). Mg (361.42+0.01), P(14.19 +0.42), Mn (6.32 + 1.01), Fe (2.43+0.01), Cu (13.04+0.10), Zn (1.20+0.43), Na/K (0.40) and Ca/P (2.14), K, Mg, Ca and Fe were found in significant concentrations. The findings showed that Crescentia Cujete leaves are source of nutrients for edible purpose, a good Na/K ratio for lowering blood pressure.

scholarly journals Proximate Analysis and Phytochemical Properties of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Seeds Grown and Consumed In Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nwobasi Chukwudi Samuel ◽  
Attamah Chinyere Genevieve
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Edible Seeds ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

Proximate and phytochemical compositions of Sesamum indicum seeds cultivated and consumed in Abakaliki, were determined. Abakaliki is the capital of Ebonyi State, one of the five south-eastern states of Nigeria. Sesame seeds are edible seeds which grow in pods. The fruit is a pubescent capsule grooved with a short triangular beak. Proximate analysis was carried out using the methods described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, A.O.A.C. (1997), while phytochemical analysis was carried out using the methods described by Harborne (1973). Sesame is principally cultivated in the northern part of Nigeria. However, bountiful harvest has been recorded recently in some southern states including Abakaliki, Ebonyi. This research was thus carried out to determine the effect of change in soil and climatic conditions on the nutritional contents of sesame. Proximate analysis indicated that sesame seeds contained 28.37% carbohydrate, 26.63% fats/oil, 23.32% protein, 7.37% moisture, 10.28% crude fibre and 4.02% ash. Determination of the phytochemical contents of the seed showed the presence of saponin (5.60mg/100g), alkaloid (4.80mg/100g), tannin (3.87mg/100g), phenol (13.83mg/100g) and flavonoids (18.03mg/100g). Statistical analyses showed that carbohydrates, fats/oil and proteins occur in significant quantities; an indication that sesame seeds possess high nutritive values. Also, the presence of significant values of some phytochemicals like flavonoids and phenol implies that sesame seeds are endowed with antioxidant and other medicinal potentials. Consumption of Sesamum indicum seeds is thus recommended as part of daily dietary intake due to the high nutritional and medicinal values.

Lidocaine as Endotracheal Tube Cuff Inflating Agent

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Nadeem Parvez Ali ◽  
Md Tauhid-ul-Mulck ◽  
Mahbub Noor ◽  
Md Torab Mollick ◽  
Masud Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Endotracheal Tube Cuff ◽  
Postoperative Sore Throat ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Tube Cuff ◽  
Water Group ◽  
A Prospective Study

A prospective study was carried on 120 patients undergoing surgical operations lasting less than 90 minutes. The incidence of postoperative sore throat, dysphasia and hoarseness of voice with 2% lidocaine (Group L) as endotracheal cuff inflating agent was compared with that with distilled water (Group D) and air (Group A). Seventy two percent of lidocaine group in comparison to 60% distilled water group and 37% air group experienced none of the above complications during the entire study period. Only 5% in lidocaine group had sore throat after 22-24 hours compared to 20% in the distilled water group and 45% in the air group. Twenty three percent complained of dysphasia in both lidocaine and distilled water group after 1-3 hours compared to 45% in air group. After 22-24 hours it completely resolved in lidocaine group compared to 20% persisting in the other two groups. Twenty three percent complained of hoarseness in lidocaine group as compared to 35% and 55% in distilled water and air groups respectively after 1-3 hours. This completely resolved in lidocaine group but persisted in 20% and 45% in the distilled water and air group respectively after 22-24 hours. The results showed an advantage in using lidocaine as an endotracheal tube cuff inflating agent in reducing postoperative sore throat, dysphasia and hoarseness in comparison to distilled water and air. Key Words: Lidocain, Endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff inflating agent.   doi: 10.3329/jafmc.v5i1.2847 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 5, No 1 (June) 2009 pp.25-28

Effects of dietary oil palm, plantain and Calopogonium spp. leaves on performance and sensory values of rabbit meat

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
J.N. Ingweye ◽  
J. Mfon ◽  
G.A. Kalio ◽  
F.I. Ologbose
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Better Than

Performance and organoleptic indices of rabbits fed plantain, oil palm and calopogonium leaves was assessed using 48, eight weeks old bucks. They were allotted to four groups of 12 animals and three replicates of four animals each. Group A (control) was fed calopogonium leaf while groups B, C, and D were fed plantain leaf, oil palm leaf, and 50% oil palm + 50% plantain leaves, respectively. Animals consumed fixed amount of commercial pellets while forages and water were given ad libitum. Completely randomized design, one-way analysis of variance was used. Proximate analysis of pellets and forages as well as feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were assessed. At the end of the experiment, meat from one rabbit per treatment was used for sensory evaluation by 20 semi-trained panelists using 7-point hedonic scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Significant means were separated using Least Significant Difference. Crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and ash contents of the leaves ranged from 25.11±1.50 (calopogonium) to 4.90±0.92 (oil palm), 38.40±2.12 (oil palm) to 15.38±0.07 (plantain), 9.71±0.01 (plantain) to 2.30±0.01 (oil palm), 47.80±0.56 (oil palm) to 32.27±0.02 (calopogonium) and 11.93±0.02 (plantain) to 2.99±0.01 (oil palm), respectively. Groups A and B had the highest (p<0.05) final weight and weight gains while groups A, B and C had the highest (p<0.05) forage intake. Feed conversion ratios of groups A and B were better (lower) than others. Forages had no effect on meat colour and texture. Groups B and D meats tasted better than others. Group D meat aroma was better than those fed single forages. Meats from groups C and D were the juiciest while meats from groups A, C and D were the most acceptable. Consideration of final weights, weight gains, feed conversion ratio and taste of meat would require that plantain leaves be used to feed meat rabbits. Keywords: Organoleptic indices, Dry season feeding, Forage

MINERAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE ANALYSIS OF BULBINE ABYSSINICA A. RICH. USED IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS AND COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Cromwell Mwiti Kibiti ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Tea Leaf

Background: B. abyssinica is a succulent member of the genus Bulbine (Asphodelaceae). It occurs from the Eastern Cape, through Swaziland and further north to Ethiopia. The species is used in traditional medicine to treat rheumatism, dysentery, bilharzia, cracked lips and diabetes. The tea leaf is used to treat cough, vaginal and bladder problems. Whereas B. abyssinica has ethno medicinal value, not much data concerning its phytonutrient, macro and micro element composition can be found in literature. Materials and Methods: Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the nutritional quantitative composition of the plant using standard procedures. Results: The proximate analysis revealed the carbohydrate, crude fibre, moisture, ash, crude protein and crude fat contents as 74.8%, 8.9%, 8.8%, 8%, 7.7% and 0.6%, respectively. The species showed high levels of oxalates and phytic acids, moderate levels of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and phenols, while tannins were in low levels. Vitamin A, C and E contents were 12, 12.3 and 22.1 mg/100g, respectively. Amongst the mineral elements investigated, potassium and calcium were in high levels. Magnesium, iron, sodium, aluminium and phosphorus were moderately present, while manganese, zinc and copper where in low amounts. These vitamins and mineral elements were within their recommended daily allowance in humans. Conclusion: The amount of these phytochemicals suggests the plant can serve as nutritional supplements which are vital in maintaining good health status. These findings also suggest the potential role of B. abyssinica in the treatment of infections and some chronic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Staining Interactions of Bixa Orellana (Annatto) Seed Extracts with Tissues of Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasogbon Samuel Ayobami
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bixa Orellana ◽  
Seed Extracts

Introduction: Bixa orellana is an ancestral multi use plant popularly known as Achiote or lipstick tree in view of its reddish – orange dye on its seeds, Central and South American populations used these seeds to color their bodies and lips, B. orellana is the only species of Bixaceae family. Aim: The aim of this study was to stain the organs such as skin, liver, kidney, brain, intestines, and bone marrow of a wistar rats with solutions of Bixa orellana (Annatto) seed extracts. Methods: The study design was experimental research, the seeds of Bixa orellana were extracted in distilled water, absolute ethanol and acetone, using maceration methods and the fractions of the extracts were determined using column chromatography while preliminary, the solutions of the extracts were used to stain tissues listed above at varying pH to establish staining interactions of the crude extracts and fractions eluted from the column chromatography. Results: The most significant staining interaction were observed in ethanol solution of bixa extract, followed by acetone and distilled water and staining were also observed at column fraction(9-26), with background yellowish appearance in all the staining solutions which was contrast to controls (haematoxylin and eosin) stained sections and no staining reaction was observed in blood smear of wistar rat. The staining interactions of great quality was observed at pH 5.0 and 7.5, despite its staining ability it was neither superior to eosin nor a substitute to giemsa stain due to the yellowish background appearance and its complete inactivity on blood smear. Conclusion: Bixa orellana dye extracts can be grouped under compound dyes or neutral dyes due to its interaction at both pH 5.0 and 7.5 and cannot be used as substitute for Giemsa stain.

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