Emission level of air pollutants during 2019 pre-haze, haze, and post-haze episodes in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya

Nowadays, due to population growth and industrialisation, air quality in Malaysia is becoming a critical threat. Air pollution has become a serious issue due to its impacts on humans, animals, and the environment. Malaysia experienced air quality deterioration in 2019 when the episodes of haze happened from July to September. It was due to the local and transboundary sources such as vehicles, factories, power plants, and biomass burning from Sumatra. This study aims to differentiate the level of the potential air pollutants, examine the influence of meteorological factors on the potential air pollutants and determine the local and transboundary impact on the potential air pollutants during episodes of pre-haze, haze, and post-haze in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya in 2019. Secondary physical and data on meteorology were obtained from the continuous ambient air quality monitoring (CAQM) stations by the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE). The data obtained from CAQM were physical: particulate matters (PM2.5 & PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and level ozone (O3); as well as meteorological: temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS) and wind direction (WDir). Overall, the particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and carbon monoxide which are the pollutants that involve the formation of haze in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya are higher during haze episodes compared to pre-haze and post-haze episodes while the other pollutants (NO2, SO2, O3) are fluctuated throughout the entire episode due to its sources and the influence of meteorological factors. The backward trajectory indicated that the air pollutants are influenced by wind direction from South West Malaysia (SWM) and North East Malaysia (NEM) throughout the entire year.

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Selected air pollutants in urban and rural areas, under the influence of power plants

Acta Innovations ◽

10.32933/actainnovations.29.5 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 41-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert Cichowicz ◽

Artur Stelegowski

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Power Plants ◽

Ambient Air ◽

So2 Emissions ◽

Large Power ◽

Power Stations ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

The Impact

The operation of large power plants, including power stations, and combined heat and power stations, causes the emission of significant amounts of gaseous pollutants into the environment. As a result, in the urban and agricultural areas occurs a pollution of undesirable gaseous substances, such as nitrogen and sulfur oxides. This is especially dangerous for living organisms, soil and water, because, in combination with water vapor, these pollutants are the cause of acid rain. In addition, nitrogen oxides participate in the formation of ground-level ozone, which affects both human health and the condition of existing vegetation. Therefore, the distribution of air pollutants (NO2, SO2 and O3) in the selected urban and rural areas, under the influence of power plants, located in the Lodz Voivodeship, in Poland, in Central-Eastern Europe, was analyzed for a 10-year period (2007–2016). As a result, it was possible to evaluate the impact of the entry into force of Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 “on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe” on the changes in emissions and concentrations of pollutants in selected locations. As a result of the analysis, a significant decrease in the concentration of SO2 (by 75% in the urban area and by 59% in the rural area), and small changes (from - 8% to + 12%) in NO2 and O3 concentrations in ambient air were found. This indicates the effectiveness of actions aimed at reducing SO2 emissions, however the influence of the power plants on the concentration of air pollutants in these areas is not clear. At the same time, considering the criterion of permissible concentration of ozone and nitrogen dioxide, although the air quality did not improve, the air quality index can be considered as being in the category of "good".

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Assessment of the contribution of TEX air pollutants from Nigeria’s petroleum refineries to the ambient air quality: Part II

Cogent Engineering ◽

10.1080/23311916.2021.1947007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1947007

Author(s):

Ebenezer Leke Odekanle ◽

Chinchong Blessing Bakut ◽

Abiodun Paul Olalekan ◽

Roseline Oluwaseun Ogundokun ◽

Charity O. Aremu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Quality ◽

Petroleum Refineries

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Air Quality Assessment in the State of Kuwait during 2012 to 2017

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12060678 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Adeeba Al-Hurban ◽

Sawsan Khader ◽

Ahmad Alsaber ◽

Jiazhu Pan

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Ambient Air ◽

The State ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Northeast Monsoon ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Industrial Areas ◽

The State Of Kuwait

This study aimed to examine the trend of ambient air pollution (i.e., ozone (O3), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), benzene (C6H6) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 microns (PM10), and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) at 10 monitoring stations located in the main residential and industrial areas in the State of Kuwait over 6 years (2012–2017). We found that the SO2 level in industrial areas (0.065 ppm) exceeded the allowable range of SO2 in residential areas (0.030 ppm). Air pollution variables were defined by the Environmental Public Authority of Kuwait (K-EPA). In this study, integrated statistical analysis was performed to compare an established air pollution database to Kuwait Ambient Air Quality Guidelines and to determine the association between pollutants and meteorological factors. All pollutants were positively correlated, with the exception of most pollutants and PM10 and O3. Meteorological factors, i.e., the ambient temperature, wind speed and humidity, were also significantly associated with the above pollutants. Spatial distribution mapping indicated that the PM10 level remained high during the southwest monsoon (the hot and dry season), while the CO level was high during the northeast monsoon (the wet season). The NO2 and O3 levels were high during the first intermonsoon season.

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Air Quality Profile in an Enclosed Car Park

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 567 ◽

pp. 3-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nurul Izma Mohammed ◽

Nurfadhilah Othman ◽

Khairul Bariyah Baharuddin

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Health Effects ◽

Sulphur Dioxide ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Kuala Lumpur ◽

Short Supply ◽

Car Park

Complaints on poor air quality in an enclosed car park have been raised up among the public, which might cause serious health effects to the drivers, passengers, and labours who are working at the premises. Improper design of mechanical ventilation systems in a car park would result in a poor indoor environment. The exhaust emission of motor vehicle contains a variety of potentially harmful substances encompassing carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, hydrocarbons, and fine particulates. In Kuala Lumpur, there is a great demand but a short supply of lands and building spaces. Thus, a large multi-storey underground car parks is a common solution for both, the government and developers. Although the health effects of the motor vehicle emissions and ambient air pollution are already known, but due to the nature of enclosed multi-storey car parks, these health risks are predicted to be intensified. Thus, it is crucial to investigate and evaluate the status of the air pollution in the enclosed car parks with emphasis on sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxides (NO2). Samples were collected in one of the famous shopping malls in Kuala Lumpur using a GrayWolf Advanced Sense Direct Sense; Toxic Gas Test Meters from 8 am until 5 pm on weekdays and weekends. The results demonstrate that the concentrations of SO2 and NO2 on weekends is higher than weekdays. Besides, the concentrations for both weekdays and weekends have exceeded the standard limit set by the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline (MAAQG).

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Ambient Air Quality Assessment with Particular Reference to Particulates in Western part of Jharia Coalfield, India

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.10.2.18 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 523-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gurdeep Singh ◽

Amarjeet Singh

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Power Plants ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Underground Mines ◽

Opencast Mining ◽

Ambient Air Quality ◽

Jharia Coalfield

India is in the list of fastest growing countries of the world. India's energy needs are also increasing due to population and industrial growth for improving quality of living style. In India, coal is major input infrastructure industries for example Power plants, Steel plants and Cement industries. India’s 52% of primary energy is coal dependent1. 66% of India's power generation depends upon coal production1. Jharia Coalfield (JCF) is falling in the Lower Gondwana Coalfields of India. The area of the JCF is about 450 km2. It is important for the major supply of precious coking coal required for steel plants in India. It is located in Dhanbad district of Jharkhand state of India, The latitude is 23° 39' to 23° 48' N and longitude is 86° 11' to 86° 27' E for the Jharia coalfield. Based on environmental parameters, all the 103 mines of BCCL have been grouped under 17 Clusters. A cluster consists of a group of mines with mine lease boundary lying in close vicinity and includes-Operating mines, Abandoned/ closed mines and proposed projects.The focused study area is in the western part of the Jharia coalfield is named as Cluster XV group of mines of BCCL consists of four mines, Kharkharee Colliery (UG), Dharmaband Colliery (UG), Madhuband Colliery (UG) and Phularitand Colliery (UG) .The present study was carried out with the objective to measure the ambient air quality of the study area with reference to particulate matter (SPM, PM10 & PM2.5). Ambient air monitoring results have shown that the observe air quality were found within the limit prescribed by MoEF / CPCB. It may due to Underground mines as there are pollution causing lesser activities involved in the UG mining process compared to opencast mining. Implementation of Master plan for Jharia coalfields for environmental management has also improve the air quality in the area10,11.

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Associations of Ambient Air Pollutants and Meteorological Factors With COVID-19 Transmission in 31 Chinese Provinces: A Time Series Study

INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing ◽

10.1177/00469580211060259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 004695802110602

Author(s):

Han Cao ◽

Bingxiao Li ◽

Tianlun Gu ◽

Xiaohui Liu ◽

Kai Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Wind Velocity ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Concentrations ◽

Air Pollutant Concentrations

Evidence regarding the effects of environmental factors on COVID-19 transmission is mixed. We aimed to explore the associations of air pollutants and meteorological factors with COVID-19 confirmed cases during the outbreak period throughout China. The number of COVID-19 confirmed cases, air pollutant concentrations, and meteorological factors in China from January 25 to February 29, 2020, (36 days) were extracted from authoritative electronic databases. The associations were estimated for a single-day lag as well as moving averages lag using generalized additive mixed models. Region-specific analyses and meta-analysis were conducted in 5 selected regions from the north to south of China with diverse air pollution levels and weather conditions and sufficient sample size. Nonlinear concentration–response analyses were performed. An increase of each interquartile range in PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO at lag4 corresponded to 1.40 (1.37–1.43), 1.35 (1.32–1.37), 1.01 (1.00–1.02), 1.08 (1.07–1.10), 1.28 (1.27–1.29), and 1.26 (1.24–1.28) ORs of daily new cases, respectively. For 1°C, 1%, and 1 m/s increase in temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity, the ORs were 0.97 (0.97–0.98), 0.96 (0.96–0.97), and 0.94 (0.92–0.95), respectively. The estimates of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and all meteorological factors remained significantly after meta-analysis for the five selected regions. The concentration–response relationships showed that higher concentrations of air pollutants and lower meteorological factors were associated with daily new cases increasing. Higher air pollutant concentrations and lower temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity may favor COVID-19 transmission. Controlling ambient air pollution, especially for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, may be an important component of reducing risk of COVID-19 infection. In addition, as winter months are arriving in China, the meteorological factors may play a negative role in prevention. Therefore, it is significant to implement the public health control measures persistently in case another possible pandemic.

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Community Air Sensor Network (CAIRSENSE) project: Evaluation of low-cost sensor performance in a suburban environment in the southeastern United States

10.5194/amt-2016-131 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wan Jiao ◽

Gayle Hagler ◽

Ronald Williams ◽

Robert Sharpe ◽

Ryan Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Air Quality ◽

Sulfur Dioxide ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Low Cost ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Sensor Technology ◽

Sensor Performance

Abstract. Advances in air pollution sensor technology have enabled the development of small and low cost systems to measure outdoor air pollution. The deployment of a large number of sensors across a small geographic area would have potential benefits to supplement traditional monitoring networks with additional geographic and temporal measurement resolution, if the data quality were sufficient. To understand the capability of emerging air sensor technology, the Community Air Sensor Network (CAIRSENSE) project deployed low cost, continuous and commercially-available air pollution sensors at a regulatory air monitoring site and as a local sensor network over a surrounding ~ 2 km area in Southeastern U.S. Co-location of sensors measuring oxides of nitrogen, ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and particles revealed highly variable performance, both in terms of comparison to a reference monitor as well as whether multiple identical sensors reproduced the same signal. Multiple ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide sensors revealed low to very high correlation with a reference monitor, with Pearson sample correlation coefficient (r) ranging from 0.39 to 0.97, −0.25 to 0.76, −0.40 to 0.82, respectively. The only sulfur dioxide sensor tested revealed no correlation (r 0.5), step-wise multiple linear regression was performed to determine if ambient temperature, relative humidity (RH), or age of the sensor in sampling days could be used in a correction algorithm to improve the agreement. Maximum improvement in agreement with a reference, incorporating all factors, was observed for an NO2 sensor (multiple correlation coefficient R2adj-orig = 0.57, R2adj-final = 0.81); however, other sensors showed no apparent improvement in agreement. A four-node sensor network was successfully able to capture ozone (2 nodes) and PM (4 nodes) data for an 8 month period of time and show expected diurnal concentration patterns, as well as potential ozone titration due to near-by traffic emissions. Overall, this study demonstrates a straightforward methodology for establishing low-cost air quality sensor performance in a real-world setting and demonstrates the feasibility of deploying a local sensor network to measure ambient air quality trends.

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Air Pollution Monitoring and Control System for Subway Stations Using Environmental Sensors

Journal of Sensors ◽

10.1155/2016/1865614 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gyu-Sik Kim ◽

Youn-Suk Son ◽

Jai-Hyo Lee ◽

In-Won Kim ◽

Jo-Chun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Scattering Method ◽

Environmental Sensors ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Subway Stations

The metropolitan city of Seoul uses more energy than any other area in South Korea due to its high population density. It also has high emissions of air pollutants. Since an individual usually spends most of his/her working hours indoors, the ambient air quality refers to indoor air quality. In particular, PM10concentration in the underground areas should be monitored to preserve the health of commuters in the subway system. Seoul Metro and Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation measure several air pollutants regularly. In this study, the accuracy of an instrument for PM measurement using the light scattering method was improved with the help of a linear regression analysis technique to continuously measure thePM10concentrations in subway stations. In addition, an air quality monitoring system based on environmental sensors was implemented to display and record the data of PM10, CO2, temperature, and humidity. Through experimental studies, we found that ventilation fans could improve air quality and decrease PM10concentrations in the tunnels effectively by increasing the air flow rate.

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Air Pollution, Air Quality, and Climate Change

Heat Advisory ◽

10.7551/mitpress/9780262034876.003.0007 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Alan H. Lockwood

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Air Quality ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ozone Production ◽

Atmospheric Water ◽

Particulate Pollution ◽

Volatile Organic

The effects of climate change on air quality are difficult to model due to the large number of unpredictable variables. Hotter temperatures favor ozone production. Higher atmospheric water content may blunt this effect in some regions. Higher levels of natural volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as terpenes from plants, are likely to act synergistically with anthropogenic VOCs to favor ozone production. Droughts increase wildfire risks that produce particulate pollution and carbon monoxide, a VOC involved in ozone production. Some models predict increased ozone concentrations in many urban settings. Future revisions of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, a process driven by politics and science, should consider these effects.

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Poor Air Quality and Its Association with Mortality in Ho Chi Minh City: Case Study

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11070750 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 750

Author(s):

Hoang Ngoc Khue Vu ◽

Quang Phuc Ha ◽

Duc Hiep Nguyen ◽

Thi Thu Thuy Nguyen ◽

Thoai Tam Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Air Quality Modeling ◽

World Health ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Annual Average ◽

Quality Modeling ◽

Concentration Of Air Pollutants

Along with its rapid urban development, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in recent years has suffered a high concentration of air pollutants, especially fine particulate matters or PM2.5. A comprehensive study is required to evaluate the air quality conditions and their health impact in this city. Given the lack of adequate air quality monitoring data over a large area of the size of HCMC, an air quality modeling methodology is adopted to address the requirement. Here, by utilizing a corresponding emission inventory in combination with The Air Pollution Model-Chemical Transport Model (TAPM-CTM), the predicted concentration of air pollutants is first obtained for PM2.5, NOx, and SO2. Then by associating the pollutants exposed with the mortality rate from three causes, namely Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), cardiopulmonary, and lung cancer, the impact of air pollution on human health is obtained for this purpose. Spatial distribution has shown a high amount of pollutants concentrated in the central city with a high density of combustion vehicles (motorcycles and automobiles). In addition, a significant amount of emissions can be observed from stevedoring and harbor activities, including ferries and cargo handling equipment located along the river. Other sources such as household activities also contribute to an even distribution of emission across the city. The results of air quality modeling showed that the annual average concentrations of NO2 were higher than the standard of Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality (QCVN 05: 2013 40 µg/m3) and World Health Organization (WHO) (40 µg/m3). The annual average concentrations of PM2.5 were 23 µg/m3 and were also much higher than the WHO (10 µg/m3) standard by about 2.3 times. In terms of public health impacts, PM2.5 was found to be responsible for about 1136 deaths, while the number of mortalities from exposure to NO2 and SO2 was 172 and 89 deaths, respectively. These figures demand some stringent measures from the authorities to potentially remedy the alarming situation of air pollution in HCM City.

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