scholarly journals Aktivitas Sinergistik Campuran Ekstrak Buah Piper aduncum dan Tiga Jenis Insektisida terhadap Ulat Plutella xylostella

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko Prijono ◽  
Djoko Prijono ◽  
Wanda Russianzi
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Combination Index ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Respective Field ◽  
Leaf Residue ◽  
Piper Aduncum

Synergistic Activity of Mixtures of Piper aduncum Fruit Extract and Three Commercial Insecticides against the Diamond Back Moth, Plutella xylostellaPlutella xylostella is an important pest of Brassicaceae vegetable crops. Frequent use of insecticides containing single active ingredients can cause resistance in P. xylostella. This work was done to evaluate the synergism between Piper aduncum fruit extract and three commercial insecticides, i.e. abamectin, chlorfenapyr, and spinetoram, against P. xylostella from Pacet District, Cianjur Regency. Results of leaf-residue feeding bioassays with 48-h feeding treatment showed that LC95 of abamectin, chlorfenapyr, and spinetoram at 96 h after treatment (HAT) was about 5.8, 7.0, and 1.9-fold higher than their respective field rates. Thus, P. xylostella larvae from Pacet-Cianjur were not susceptible to abamectin and chlorfenapyr, but were still fairly susceptible to spinetoram. LC95 of P. aduncum extract at 96 HAT was 0.68% (w/v). Based on combination index at the LC95 level - 96 HAT, mixtures of P. aduncum extract with all three test insecticides were synergistic. Thus, P. aduncum extract is potential to be used as an alternative ingredient to increase the effectiveness of the three test insecticides against P. xylostella.

scholarly journals Synergistic Activity of Mixtures of Piper aduncum Fruit Extract and Three Microorganism-Derived Insecticides against the Diamond Back Moth, Plutella xylostella

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Wanda Russianzi ◽  
Djoko Prijono
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Insecticide Mixtures ◽  
Respective Field ◽  
Piper Aduncum

Plutella xylostella is an important pest of Brassicaceae vegetable crops. Frequent use of insecticides containing single active ingredients can cause resistance in P. xylostella. This work was done to evaluate the synergism between Piper aduncum fruit extract and three microorganism-derived insecticides, i.e. abamectin, chlorfenapyr, and spinetoram, against P. xylostella from Pacet District, Cianjur Regency. Results of leaf-residue feeding bioassays with 48-h feeding treatment showed that LC95 of abamectin, chlorfenapyr, and spinetoram at 96 h after treatment (HAT) was about 5.8, 7.0, and 1.9-fold higher than their respective field rates. Thus, based on leaf-feeding assays P. xylostella larvae from Pacet-Cianjur were not susceptible to abamectin and chlorfenapyr, but were still fairly susceptible to spinetoram. LC95 of P. aduncum extract at 96 HAT was 0.68% (w/v). Based on combination index at the LC95 level - 96 HAT, mixtures of P. aduncum extract with all three test insecticides were synergistic. Thus, P. aduncum extract is potential to be used as an alternative ingredient to increase the effectiveness of the three test insecticides against P. xylostella.Keywords: Botanical insecticides, cabbage pest, insecticide mixtures, microorganism-derived insecticides, synergism.

scholarly journals Effect of Noni Fruit Extract (Morinda citrifolia L.) And Application Time To Control Crocidolomia binotalis Zell. On Cabbage Plant

Akta Agrosia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Dewi Rahmawati ◽  
Djamilah Djamilah ◽  
Bilman W Simanihuruk
Keyword(s):  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Crocidolomia Binotalis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Wet Weight

Crocidolomia binotalis Zell is an important pest in Brassicaceae vegetable crops. Vegetable insecticide is one potential alternative to controlling the pest. This study aims to determine the application time of noni fruit extract and to determine the effective concentration of noni fruit extract as a vegetable insecticide in controlling C. binotalis larva on cabbage plants in the field. this study used a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of two treatment factors and four replications. The first factor is the concentration of extract (5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm and 20 ppm) and the second factor is the time of application of vegetable pesticide before the pest is invested (W1) and after the pest is invested (W2). So there are 32 units of experiments and 4 units of experiments added as control. The results showed, noni fruit extract had no significant effect on mortality of C. binotalis larvae. The highest mortality rate is at 100% K2 (10ppm) concentration at the time of application before the pest is invested (W1). The interaction had significant effect on the wet weight of the plant canopy but had no significant effect on the mortality of the pest, the intensity of the attack, the percentage of pupa formed, and the present percentage of imago.

Potency and preclinical evidence of synergy of oral azole drugs and miltefosine in an ex vivo model of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Lucía Fernández ◽  
Mariana Rosales-Chilama ◽  
Natali Quintero ◽  
Bruno L. Travi ◽  
Dawn M. Wetzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Potential Synergy ◽  
Sensitive Line

Failure of treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with antimonial drugs and miltefosine is frequent. Use of oral combination therapy represents an attractive strategy to increase efficacy of treatment and reduce the risk of drug resistance. We evaluated the potency of posaconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and fluconazole, and the potential synergy of those demonstrating the highest potency, in combination with miltefosine (HePC), against infection with Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis . Synergistic activity was determined by isobolograms and calculation of Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI), based on parasite quantification using an ex vivo model of human PBMCs infected with a luciferase-transfected, antimony and miltefosine sensitive line of L. panamensis . The drug combination and concentrations that displayed synergy were then evaluated for anti-leishmanial effect in 10 clinical strains of L. panamensis by qRT-PCR of Leishmania 7SLRNA. High potency was substantiated for posaconazole and itraconazole against sensitive as well as HePC and antimony resistant lines of L. panamensis , whereas fluconazole and voriconazole displayed low potency. HePC combined with posaconazole (Poz) demonstrated evidence of synergy at free drug concentrations achieved in plasma during treatment (2 μM HePC + 4 μM Poz). FICI, based on 70% and 90% reduction of infection, was 0.5 for the sensitive line. Combination of 2 μM HePC + 4 μM Poz effected significantly greater reduction of infection by clinical strains of L. panamensis than individual drugs. Orally administrable miltefosine/posaconazole combinations demonstrated synergistic anti-leishmanial capacity ex vivo against L. panamensis , supporting their potential as a novel therapeutic strategy to improve efficacy, and effectiveness of treatment.

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluations of a wild crucifer Barbarea vulgaris as a management tool for the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-hua Lu ◽  
Shu-sheng Liu ◽  
A.M. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Barbarea Vulgaris ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Trap Cropping ◽  
Important Pest

AbstractThe term ‘dead-end trap cropping’ has recently been proposed to identify a plant that is highly attractive for oviposition by an insect pest, but on which offspring of the pest cannot survive. The potential of the wild crucifer Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. to allure and serve as a dead-end trap crop for the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.), an important pest of cruciferous crops worldwide, was examined in laboratory experiments. When P. xylostella adults were provided with a dual-choice of plants of B. vulgaris, and Chinese cabbage Brassica campestris (L.), in one arena, adult moths laid 2.5–6.8 times more eggs on the former than on the latter. When P. xylostella adults were provided with a dual-choice of plants of B. vulgaris and common cabbage Brassica oleracea L., adult moths laid virtually all their eggs on the former and ignored the latter. Nearly all P. xylostella eggs laid on the three species of plants hatched successfully, but nearly all individuals on plants of B. vulgaris died as neonates or early instar larvae, while 87–100% of the larvae on Chinese cabbage and common cabbage survived to pupation. Dual choice tests with a Y-tube olfactometer showed that volatiles from B. vulgaris were much more attractive to P. xylostella adults than those from common cabbage. The results demonstrate that B. vulgaris has a great potential as a dead-end trap crop for improving management of P. xylostella. Factors that may influence the feasibility of using B. vulgaris as a trap crop in the field are discussed, and ways to utilize this plant are proposed.

scholarly journals Increased Responses of Phenoloxidase in Chlorantraniliprole Resistance of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian-Meng Wang ◽  
Jing-Jing Li ◽  
Ze-Yu Shang ◽  
Qi-Tong Yu ◽  
Chao-Bin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Transcriptional Expression ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Resistant Strains

Abstract The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, DBM) is an important pest of cruciferous vegetables. The use of chlorantraniliprole has been essential in the management of the DBM. However, in many countries and areas, DBM has become highly resistant to chlorantraniliprole. Three different DBM strains, susceptible (S), chlorantraniliprole-selected (Rc), and field-collected (Rb) resistant strains/populations were studied for the role of phenoloxidase in resistance development to the insecticide. By assaying the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) in the three different DBM strains, the results showed that the PO activity in the Rc strain was increased significantly compared with the S strain. The synergistic effects of quercetin showed that the resistant ratio (RR) of the QRc larvae to chlorantraniliprole was decreased from 423.95 to 316.42-fold compared with the Rc larvae. Further studies demonstrated that the transcriptional and translational expression levels of PxPPO1 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-1 gene) and PxPPO2 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-2 gene) were increased to varying degrees compared with the S strain, such as the transcriptional expression levels of PxPPO2 were 24.02-fold that of the S strain. The responses of phenoloxidase were significantly different in chlorantraniliprole-resistant DBM.

Seasonal abundance of the parasitoid complex associated with the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Hangzhou, China

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Sheng Liu ◽  
Xin-Geng Wang ◽  
Shi-Jian Guo ◽  
Jun-Hua He ◽  
Zu-Hua Shi
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cotesia Plutellae ◽  
Pupal Parasitoids ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Brassica Vegetable ◽  
June July

AbstractAn investigation of insect parasitoids of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella(Linnaeus), in brassica vegetable crops in the suburbs of Hangzhou was conducted during five periods from 1989 to 1997. Eight species of primary parasitoids were recorded: Trichogramma chilonis Ishii, Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov, Microplitis sp., Oomyzus sokolowskii Kurdjumov, Diadromus collaris(Gravenhorst), Itoplectis naranyae (Ashmead), Exochus sp. and Brachymeria excarinata Gahan. Seven species of hyperparasitoids were also collected. Rates of parasitism of eggs of P. xylostella were usually very low. However, rates of parasitism of larvae and pupae were substantial and showed two peaks each year, around June–July and September–November respectively. Rates of parasitism during peaks were usually 10–60% and reached over 80% on a few occasions. Cotesia plutellae, O. sokolowskii and D. collaris were the major larval, larval-pupal and pupal parasitoids respectively. In the field, C. plutellae was active throughout the year. Oomyzus sokolowskii was active from May to October, entered a quiescent pupal stage in October–November to overwinter and did not emerge until next April–May. Diadromus collariswas recorded from April to July and October. Rates of parasitism of P. xylostellain radish and mustard fields were usually higher than those in cabbage and Chinese cabbage fields in the same locality. Negative correlations of parasitism rates between C. plutellae and O. sokolowskii indicate a competitive relationship for host larvae between these two larval parasitoids.

scholarly journals Development of Strategies to Evaluate Brassica oleracea L. Vegetable Crops for Wirestem Caused by Rhizoctonia solani

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 621c-621
Author(s):  
Mark W. Farnham ◽  
Anthony P. Keinath
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Respective Field ◽  
Controlled Environments

Wirestem, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a destructive disease of B. oleracea cole crops and is distributed worldwide. Effective means of wirestem control include soil fumigation and soil treatment with pentachloronitrobenzene, which are increasingly expensive and environmentally undesirable. As a consequence, alternative methods of wirestem control are needed. Thus, we conducted controlled-environment and field experiments to develop methodology to study host-plant resistance and possibly biocontrol agents as potential wirestem control alternatives. Seedlings of 12 cultivars (three each of cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, and collard) at the four- to five-leaf stage were transplanted to trays in a growth room or into field plots and covered with soil infested with R. solani AG-4 sclerotia. Disease progression (percent of plants healthy, diseased, and dead) was observed every 3 days for 2 weeks in the controlled environments and for 3 weeks in field trials. At the end of two studies, plants were dug with roots intact and rated for disease using a 1 to 10 scale. In all trials, percent healthy plants stabilized at about 2 weeks after inoculation. Incidence of wirestem disease varied among experiments ranging from 70% to 100% diseased, dead plants in controlled environments, and from 51% to 88% and 33% 65% in the two respective field studies. Disease rating was always negatively and significantly correlated with percent healthy plants. Although a genotype × environment interaction was observed, some cultivars (i.e., `Snowcone' and `Snowcrown' cauliflowers) were always severely diseased, while others (i.e., `Viking' broccoli and `Blue Max' collard) were consistently among the least diseased.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Insektisida Campuran Ekstrak Air Buah Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae) dan Batang Cymbopogon ciratrus (Dc.) Stapf (Poaceae) Terhadap Larva Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Eka Candra Lina ◽  
Adventus Supriadi ◽  
Yunisman Yunisman ◽  
Martinius Martinius
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Piper Aduncum

Crocidolomia pavonana is an important pest in Brassicaceae. Botanical insecticides is pest control alternative  which meet to eco-friendly manajement. This study aims to determine lethal concentration of single  and mixture of water extract of Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) fruit and Cymbopogon cirtatus (Poaceae) stem against Crocidolomia pavonana larvae. The study was conducted in laboratory experiment through preliminary test and advance test using a completely randomized design (CRD). Observations were included to larval mortality, antifeedant effect, and duration of larval development. Bioassay was done against second instar larvae of C. pavonana using leaves immersion method during 48 hours. The results show that LC50 and LC95 value of mixture extract are 2.83% and 5.79% respectively. Based on index combination analysis, P. aduncum and C. citratus mixture extract  were antagonistic at LC50  and additive  at LC95 . Water extract of   P. aduncum and C. citratus were relatively weak to influence feeding activity of C. pavonana larvae (41%). Mixture extract  also extend larval development from second instar to third instar  around 0.24 days and third instar to fourth instar around 0.97 days.

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