scholarly journals Differences of anteroposterior facial dimensions in male and female children on intermediate mixed and early permanent dentition using Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Ica Listania ◽  
Sri Kuswandari ◽  
Putri Kusuma Wardani Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Maturation Index ◽  
Cervical Vertebral Maturation

Introduction: Cervical vertebrae are one of the indicators for craniofacial bones maturation. Timing of craniofacial bone maturation determined achievement of orthodontic early treatment. Some previous researchers recommended cervical vertebral maturation to assess craniofacial growth. This study was aimed to analyse the differences of anteroposterior facial dimensions in male and female children on intermediate mixed and early permanent dentition using Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Index (CVMI). Methods: An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on the students of Islamic Elementary School (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah) in Depok district, Sleman, Yogyakarta, from July 2019 to January 2020. Subjects consisted of 22 males and 22 females aged 8-11 years, obtained by a consecutive sampling technique. The anteroposterior facial analysis was performed on the lateral cephalometry for measuring the distance of Sella turcica to Nasion (S-N) representing the anterior cranial base, Posterior Nasal Spine to Anterior Nasal Spine (PNS-ANS) representing the maxilla and Gonion-Menton (Go-Me) and Condylion-Gnathion (Co-Gn) represents the mandible. Assessment of CVMI was decided by the Hassel and Farman methods. Data were analysed by One Way ANOVA. Results: The mean value of S-N, PNS-ANS, Go-Me, and Co-Gn dimensions, generally were higher in males than females; however, only dimensions of maxillary and mandibular were showed significant difference (p<0.05), while the S-N dimension was not significantly different (p>0.05). At the interval of CVMI 3 and 4, the Go-Me and Co-Gn dimensions showed a significant difference (p<0.05) both in males and females. Conclusion: There was a difference in anteroposterior dimensions of the maxillary and mandibular in cervical vertebral maturation in children with intermediate mixed and early permanent dentition, however, no difference was found in the anterior cranial base.

scholarly journals Physiological maturation stage of cervical vertebrate index in cleft lip/palate and non-cleft lip/palate patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Wenti Komala ◽  
Endah Mardiati ◽  
Eky Soeria Soemantri ◽  
Isnaniah Malik
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cleft Lip Palate ◽  
Stage Transition ◽  
Maturation Index ◽  
Cervical Vertebral Maturation

Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies. Cleft lip and palate patients encounter growth problems in lip and palate area, although their overall growth and development remains unknown. Cervical vertebral maturation are indicators of physiological maturation used in interceptive treatment and orthognathic surgery. The present study aims to determine physiological maturation stage of cervical vertebrae maturation index in cleft andnon-cleft patients. Lateral cephalogram of 26 cleft patients and 27 non-cleft patients with a range of chronological age from 8-16 years old were involved. The cervical vertebrae maturation were analyzed in six stages of cervical vertebrae maturation method of Hassel and Farman. Data were analyzed using t-test (p≤ 0.05). The result shows that physiologicalmaturation stage of cervical vertebrae maturation index in cleft and non-cleft patients has no significant difference in stage acceleration (p= 0.38), stage transition (p= 0.41) and deceleration (p= 0.39). Likewise, there is no significant difference in physiological maturation stage of cervical vertebrae maturation index between cleft and non-cleft patients. 

scholarly journals Three-dimensional positional assessment of glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Macêdo de Mattos ◽  
Juan Martin Palomo ◽  
Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas ◽  
Paula Loureiro Cheib ◽  
Manhal Eliliwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Condylar Position ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Anterior Posterior

ABSTRACT Objectives: To test the null hypotheses that the positions of the glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles are identical on the Class I and Class II sides of patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion. Materials and Methods: Retrospective three-dimensional (3D) assessments of the positions of the glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles were made in patients with Class II malocclusion. Relative to a fiducial reference at the anterior cranial base, distances from the glenoid fossae and condyles were calculated in pretreatment cone beam computed tomographic scans of 82 patients: 41 with Class II and 41 with Class II subdivision malocclusions. The 3D distances from glenoid fossae to sella turcica in the X (right-left), Y (anterior-posterior), Z (inferior-superior) projections were calculated. Results: Patients with Class II malocclusion displayed a symmetric position of the glenoid fossae and condyles with no statistically significant differences between sides (P &gt; .05), whereas patients with Class II subdivision showed asymmetry in the distance between the glenoid fossae and anterior cranial base or sella turcica (P &lt; .05), with distally and laterally positioned glenoid fossae on the Class II side. (P &lt; .05). Male patients had greater distances between glenoid fossae and anterior cranial fossae (P &lt; .05). The condylar position relative to the glenoid fossae did not differ between the two malocclusion groups nor between males and females (P &gt; .05). Conclusions: The null hypotheses were rejected. Patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion displayed asymmetrically positioned right- and left-side glenoid fossae, with a distally and laterally positioned Class II side, although the condyles were symmetrically positioned within the glenoid fossae.

Lexical decision task for taxonomic and thematic categorization in typically developing Kannada-English-speaking bilingual children

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Nanjappa ◽  
Sandra Sebastian ◽  
M.S. Deepa
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Taxonomic Relation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Children ◽  
English Speaking

AbstractThe present study investigated the association between the taxonomic, thematic and combined (taxonomic-thematic) conditions during the lexical decision task in Kannada-English speaking bilingual children. Further, the study explored the nature of categorization skills in typically developing Kannada-English speaking bilingual children with respect to the taxonomy and thematic aspects across gender.Considered for the study were 20 preschool children including ten boys and ten girls in the age range of 4–5 years. A total of 50 pictures, including ten target, ten taxonomically related, ten thematically related and 20 distracters were taken from an internet source. Three tasks were introduced to examine the association of the pictures based on taxonomic, thematic and combined conditions. For the first and second task (considered as Experiment I), the children were expected to relate pictures based on taxonomic relationship followed by thematic relationship in the second task. For the final task (Experiment II), both relationships (taxonomic and thematic) were given for each target picture, and the children were expected to relate it with either one of them. Responses were scored and statistically analyzed.There was a significant difference in the performances between male and female children for the taxonomic condition but not for the other two tasks (i.e. thematic and combined conditions). The comparison across three conditions revealed that the performance of those children varied between the conditions. Further, on pair-wise comparison, there was a significant difference for both combined-thematic and combined-taxonomic conditions but not for taxonomic and thematic conditions.The study supports the phenomenon of “thematic to taxonomic shift”, which is found to be emerging in pre-school children. This occurs differently among male and female children. The preferences of thematic relation as opposed to taxonomic relation is highlighted in the present study.

scholarly journals Relationship between anterior occlusion and frontal sinus size

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 752-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar T. Said ◽  
P. Emile Rossouw ◽  
Leonard S. Fishman ◽  
Changyong Feng
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Class I ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Edge Group ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Incisor Inclination

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the relationship between anterior occlusion and frontal sinus size. Methods: The patient database at the Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, was searched for male patients older than 15 years and females older than 13 years of age. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, participants' photos and lateral cephalometric and posteroanterior radiographs were examined then classified into a control class I group (n = 20, 15.7 ± 2.7 years) and eight malocclusion groups (n = 136, 16.1 ± 2.1 years). The frontal sinus area on the lateral cephalometric radiograph and on the posteroanterior radiograph were measured and compared between groups. Results: One-way analysis of variance demonstrated a significant difference among all nine groups (P = .0001). Pairwise comparison showed a significant difference between the class I group and all other malocclusion groups (P &lt; .05) except the edge-to-edge group for both radiographs and except the bimaxillary protrusion group for the lateral cephalometric radiographs. Tukey's method was not able to demonstrate a significant difference among the subgroups of skeletal malocclusions (P &gt; .05). Linear regression analyses with stepwise model selection demonstrated that anterior cranial base, mandibular plane angle, and upper incisor inclination commonly have a significant effect on frontal sinus size. Conclusion: The frontal sinus size could be used as an indicator of harmonious anterior occlusion. There were no differences among the subgroups of each skeletal malocclusion. The anterior cranial base, facial height, and maxillary incisor inclination appear to have a significant effect on frontal sinus size.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF CERVICAL VERTEBRAL MATURATION (CVM) STAGE AND ANTEROPOSTERIOR FACIAL DIMENSIONS IN INDONESIAN POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
MAHINDRA AWWALUDIN ROMDLON ◽  
Setiadi W Logamarta ◽  
Yulia Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
T Test ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bone Maturation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

Background: Growth and development are two different but interrelated and difficult to separate factors. The growth spurt in boys is different from girls. Facial growth is closely related to overall body growth, one of which is the growth of the cervical vertebrae. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the anteroposterior dimensions of the face based on the maturation levels of cervical vertebrae in 12-14 years old children. Method: Quantitative research using an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on 21 boys and 21 girls. Measurement of anteroposterior facial length (S-A' and PTM-A) and assessment of cervical vertebral bone maturation level using the Hassel and Farman method. Results: Independent t-test results showed that there was a significant difference (p <0.05) in facial length (S-A') between male and female subjects at all maturation levels of cervical vertebrae. There was a significant difference (p <0.05) in facial length (S-A') based on the maturation level of the cervical vertebrae (CVMS) in male subjects. Independent t-test results showed that there was a significant difference in facial length (PTM-A) based on the maturation level of cervical vertebrae in female subjects (p <0.05). Conclusion: There was a difference in facial length (S-A ') between male and female subjects at all maturation levels of the cervical vertebrae. There is a difference in facial length (S-A') based on the maturation level of the cervical vertebrae (CVMS) in male subjects. There are differences in anteroposterior facial length (PTM-A) based on the maturation level of the cervical vertebrae in female subjects. There is a relationship between the maturation level of the cervical vertebrae with the anteroposterior dimensions of the face S-A' and PTM-A in male subjects.

Sella Turcica Dimensions and Morphology in a Yoruba Ethnic Population: A Computed Tomography Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 270-276
Author(s):  
Okon Etim Bassey ◽  
Hyacienth Uche Chiegwu ◽  
Chistopher Chukwuemeka Ohagwu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Cranial Computed Tomography ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Ethnic Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Anteroposterior Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Several sellar and parasellar pathologies affect the size and shape of sella turcica. A deviation from normal dimensions of sella turcica could be an indication of a pathological condition of the structure itself or the pituitary gland. Aim: This study was designed to assess the dimensions and morphology of the sella turcica of Yoruba ethnic population using cranial computed tomography (CT) images. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study involving 321 cranial CT images of the Yoruba subjects acquired in a tertiary health institution between January 2020 and April 2021. The sella turcica length, depth and anteroposterior diameter were measured using the digital calipers of the CT system while sella morphological shape was determined qualitatively by observing the floor of sella in the midsagittal slice and quantitatively by taking the ratio of superoinferior diameter to the transverse diameter. Result: In general, the mean and standard deviation value of sella turcica length was 12.2±`2.35mm. The mean sella length for males was 12.62`±2.50 and that for females was 11.69 ±`2.04mm. The result showed that males’ sella length differed significantly from that of females (t=3.635, p=0.000). A significant difference was noted between the sella depths of the two genders (p=0.032). The total mean anteroposterior diameter (APD) of sella turcica was 13.4`± 2.47mm. Male and female mean diameters were 13.6`± 2.45mm and 13.3±`2.17mm respectively. No significant difference was noted in sella length and APD across the age categories but sella depth showed a significant difference, which was noted to only exist between early adulthood (≤34 years) and late adulthood (≥65) (p=0.027). No statistically significant association was noted between sella shape and gender (c2=3.124, p=0.210) as well as age (c2=9.336, p=0.156). Conclusion: Only the mean sella length and depth differ significantly between male and female genders. Anteroposterior diameter is the same irrespective of gender. The sella turcica dimensions obtained from this study will serve as reference values for physicians in the assessment of sellar and parasellar pathologies in the study population. Key words: Computed tomography, sella turcica, morphology.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the anterior and posterior length and deflection angle of the cranial base, in individuals with facial Pattern I, II and III

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Thiesen ◽  
Guilherme Pletsch ◽  
Michella Dinah Zastrow ◽  
Caio Vinicius Martins do Valle ◽  
Karyna Martins do Valle-Corotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deflection Angle ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Profile Angle ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Facial Pattern ◽  
Caucasian Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Hoc

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the variations in the anterior cranial base (S-N), posterior cranial base (S-Ba) and deflection of the cranial base (SNBa) among three different facial patterns (Pattern I, II and III). METHOD: A sample of 60 lateral cephalometric radiographs of Brazilian Caucasian patients, both genders, between 8 and 17 years of age was selected. The sample was divided into 3 groups (Pattern I, II and III) of 20 individuals each. The inclusion criteria for each group were the ANB angle, Wits appraisal and the facial profile angle (G'.Sn.Pg'). To compare the mean values obtained from (SNBa, S-N, S-Ba) each group measures, the ANOVA test and Scheffé's Post-Hoc test were applied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference for the deflection angle of the cranial base among the different facial patterns (Patterns I, II and III). There was no significant difference for the measures of the anterior and posterior cranial base between the facial Patterns I and II. The mean values for S-Ba were lower in facial Pattern III with statistically significant difference. The mean values of S-N in the facial Pattern III were also reduced, but without showing statistically significant difference. This trend of lower values in the cranial base measurements would explain the maxillary deficiency and/or mandibular prognathism features that characterize the facial Pattern III.

scholarly journals Mud therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with cervical dorsopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
Elena V. Filatova ◽  
Khajimurat M. Malayev ◽  
Oleg E. Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rehabilitation Treatment ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
Mud Therapy

Aim. To identify specificity of reaction of a male and female organism to galvanic mud application procedures in cervicalgia. Materials and Methods. 48 Patients (23 men and 25 women) with the diagnosis of cervicalgia who took a course of rehabilitation treatment in Republican Hospital of Rehabilitation Treatment of Makhachkala, were examined. The patients received medicinal treatment and medical massage. Galvanic mud therapy was conducted with the underlying standard therapy. The effectiveness and safety of the procedure were evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS), and also parameters of the arterial pressure and heart rate before and after the procedure, and also values of Kerdo vegetative index, body mass index, mobility of the cervical part of the spine, psychoemotional condition by WAM test. Results. Analysis of predomination and characteristics of pain syndrome revealed predomination of the damage to the upper cervical parts (in women – 62.0%, in men – 40.0%), and statistically more common cervicocranialgias in women (22.0% against 8.0% in men). Headaches associated with pain in the neck were reliably more common in women than in men (48.0% and 10.0%, respectively). A significant difference in the rate of complaints of pain irradiation to the upper limbs was recorded (20.0% of women against 10.0% of men). Intensity of pain syndrome determined by VAS test significantly differed in the compared groups before rehabilitation (5.25±1.64 points in men and 5.62±1.98 points in women, р<0.05); after rehabilitation treatment VAS parameters decreased in both groups: in men down to 1.62±0.83 points (р<0.05), in women – to 2.25±1.07 points (р<0.05), here, no significant differences between the groups were found. In women with cervicalgias the distance between the upper and lower cervical vertebrae was on average 14.0±0.1 cm, increment on bending before treatment was 2.43±0.75 cm and after treatment 2.75±0.11 cm which indicates a tendency to normalization of the condition of muscle tissue, but preservation of spastic component. Conclusion. Mud therapy in complex rehabilitation of patients positively influences recovery of the motor activity of the cervical part of the spine.

scholarly journals Craniofacial morphology in males with 46,XX chromosomal constitution

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Ivana Scepan ◽  
Branislav Glisic ◽  
Marko Babic ◽  
Zorana Nikolic ◽  
Dusan Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Base ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chromosomal Constitution ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this investigation was to assess the craniofacial morphology of five male individuals with 46,XX chromosomal constitution, and to compare them with normal male individuals (46,XY) and normal female participates (46,XX). The investigation was carried out on the lateral cephalomestic radiographs of five male individuals with sex reverse syndrome (46,XX chromosomal constitution), 62 normal female (46,XX) and 31 normal male (46,XY chromosomal constitution) participants. The following angular variables were measured: SNA, SNB, ANB, SN/SpP, SN/MP and SpP/MP. For each variable the mean value and standard deviation were calculated. The Student t-test was used to compare the result obtained between the group of patients with sex reverse syndrome and group of normal male, as well as of normal female participants. The male individuals with 46, XX chromosomal constitution showed slight bimaxillary retrognathism, and class III sagittal jaw relationship. Due to decreased inclination of the upper jaw to the anterior cranial base, the angle of vertical jaw relationship slightly increased in the group of patients with sex reverse syndrome, compared to normal male and female participants.

scholarly journals Sex-Based Diverse Plaque Microbiota in Children with Severe Caries

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.C. de Jesus ◽  
R. Shikder ◽  
D. Oryniak ◽  
K. Mann ◽  
A. Alamri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Related Quality

Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is a multifactorial disease that can lead to suffering and reduced oral health–related quality of life in young children. The bacterial and fungal composition of dental plaque and how children’s sex is associated with S-ECC are largely unknown. In this study, V4-16S rRNA and ITS1 rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to compare the plaque bacteriome and mycobiome of children <72 mo of age: 40 with S-ECC (15 males, 25 females) and 40 caries-free (19 males, 21 females). Health- and nutrition-related questionnaire data were also investigated. This study aimed to analyze potential sex-based differences in the supragingival plaque microbiota of young children with S-ECC and those caries-free. Behavioral and nutritional habit differences were observed between children with S-ECC and those caries-free and between male and female children. Overall, higher levels of Veillonella dispar, Streptococcus mutans, and other bacterial species were found in the S-ECC group as compared with caries-free controls ( P < 0.05). A significant difference in the abundance of Neisseria was observed between males and females with S-ECC ( P < .05). Fungal taxonomic analysis showed significantly higher levels of Candida dubliniensis in the plaque of children with S-ECC as compared with those caries-free ( P < 0.05), but no differences were observed with Candida albicans ( P > 0.05). Significant differences in the relative abundance of Mycosphaerella, Cyberlindnera, and Trichosporon fungal species were also observed between the caries-free and S-ECC groups ( P < 0.05). Machine learning analysis revealed the most important bacterial and fungal species for classifying S-ECC versus caries-free. Different patterns of crosstalk between microbial species were observed between male and female children. Our work demonstrates that plaque microbiota and sex may be important determinants for S-ECC and could be factors to consider for inclusion in caries risk assessment tools.

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