scholarly journals Biological Effects of EM Radiations from Mobile Phones

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Adel A. Ali ◽  
Ahmed M. Al-Naamany
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Thermal Heating ◽  
Heating Effects ◽  
Rf Exposure

Direct health effects could result following exposure to RF by thermal (heating effects). Recent Studies have shown that there are public fears on effects that can be caused mainly by holding mobile phones close to the body, or as a result of possible non-thermal effects from both phones and base stations.  This paper offers an overview on the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation caused by mobile phones. Exposures of individuals to RF radiation from these sources will depend upon their proximity and may be above those from mobile phone base stations, although still well below guidelines. From a review of the scientific literature, it is concluded that there were no established health effects from exposure to the RF fields from mobile phones. However, there are gaps in knowledge requiring further research, but current knowledge suggests that RF exposure to levels below the guidelines were not a risk to health.  

scholarly journals Health effects of electromagnetic fields on children

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 422-428
Author(s):  
Jin-Hwa Moon
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Low Frequencies

In today’s world, most children are exposed to various manmade electromagnetic fields (EMFs). EMFs are electromagnetic waves less than 300 GHz. A developing child’s brain is vulnerable to electromagnetic radiation; thus, their caregivers’ concerns about the health effects of EMFs are increasing. EMF exposure is divided into 2 categories: extremely low frequencies (ELFs; 3–3,000 Hz), involving high-voltage transmission lines and in-house wiring; and radiofrequencies (RFs; 30 kHz to 300 GHz), involving mobile phones, smart devices, base stations, WiFi, and 5G technologies. The biological effects of EMFs on humans include stimulation, thermal, and nonthermal, the latter of which is the least known. Among the various health issues related to EMFs, the most important issue is human carcinogenicity. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer’s (IARC’s) evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, ELFs and RFs were evaluated as possible human carcinogens (Group 2B). However, the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) view of EMFs remains undetermined. This article reviews the current knowledge of EMF exposure on humans, specifically children. EMF exposure sources, biological effects, current WHO and IARC opinions on carcinogenicity, and effects of EMF exposures on children will be discussed. As well-controlled EMF experiments in children are nearly impossible, scientific knowledge should be interpreted objectively. Precautionary approaches are recommended for children until the potential health effects of EMF are confirmed.

scholarly journals THE RISKS OF MOBILE TELEPHONY AND THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE

2005 ◽  
Vol 04 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
A.A. de SALLES ◽  
C.R. FERNÁNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Base Station ◽  
The Body ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mobile Phone Technology ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Radiated Energy

There has been a dramatic increase in the use of mobile phone technology in the last decades, with widespread benefits in many professional and private activities. In parallel with this, the concern regarding the possibility of adverse health effects due to the absorption of electromagnetic fields by humans also increased. For several years, many research groups in different countries were developing research projects on these subjects in the areas of medicine, biophysics, engineering, etc. Also, the World Health Organization (WHO) has coordinate efforts including many countries to access the existing scientific evidence of harmful health effects of non ionizing radiation (NIR) emitted from different communication equipment, such as the mobile phones and their base stations, with special emphasis to the non-thermal effects. In principle, the base stations radiate more energy. However, their antennas are usually located on the top of elevated towers (or masts) and the radiated energy is mainly concentrated in the horizontal direction. Therefore people are usually far from these antennas, and also in directions reasonably apart from those of maximum radiation. Because the conventional monopole (or whip) antennas being used now in mobile phones typically show a circular radiation pattern in the horizontal plane, they may radiate substantial levels of energy in almost all directions, very close to the body and during considerable time. It is observed that when they are operated very close to the user’s head (e.g., 2,5 cm or less) , most of energy is absorbed in the head tissues (such as the bone, the brain, eye, etc), and less energy is radiated to the nearest base station. This situation is undesirable since quality of communication is worse, and the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the user’s head and the battery drain are increased.

scholarly journals Adverse impacts of mobile phone tower radiation on human health

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
Shriyash Mohril ◽  
Mahipal Singh Sankhla ◽  
Swaroop S Sonone ◽  
Kapil Parihar ◽  
Rajeev Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Microwave Frequencies ◽  
Adverse Impacts

These days mobile phones have become associated with elementary a part of our life, this is often one in every of the foremost necessary mediums for communication. Consequently, several portable towers are planted to hide additional areas, particularly in huddled cities and concrete areas. Now, the bottom stations made on these locations have transceivers that employ mistreatment frequency (RF) waves to determine communication among users within the mobile network. Because of the variety of base stations needed it will increase with bigger portable use with market competition, and with new technological capabilities. The microwave frequencies utilized in mobile communication cause thermal and non-thermal effects and leave a negative impact on the biological system. The quantity of RF-EMW radiation energy absorbed by human tissue depends on the frequency, intensity, polarization, and period of exposure. The EMR is recognized because of the major reason behind cancer. This review paper presents the potential biological and medicine health effects of high-intensity portable tower radiation.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Electromagnetic Field Exposure during the Use of Portable Radios in the Context of Potential Health Effects

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6276
Author(s):  
Jarosław Kieliszek ◽  
Joanna Wyszkowska ◽  
Jaromir Sobiech ◽  
Robert Puta
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Portable Radio ◽  
Neurophysiological Tests

The paper presents research on the electromagnetic hazards related to the flow of electric currents throughout the bodies of employees using portable radios. The values often exceed established limits, which may lead to potential dysfunctions of the body and affect the safety of performed professional duties. The measurements of the electric field (E-field) distribution of a typical commercial portable radio, the limb contact current calculations, and the computer simulations determining a specific absorption rate (SAR) were supplemented with pilot neurophysiological tests. The assessment indicated a large spatial variability of the E-field strength around the devices. The head of the operator and the hand holding the radio were often in the electromagnetic field (EMF), which exceeded the established limits. The calculated SAR values ranged within the permitted limits. The conducted neurophysiological tests showed no effects of EMF exposure in comparison to the control group. The assessment of exposure to the EMF using a portable radio is initially performed by analyzing external measures: both computer simulations and measurements of workers’ limb currents. The SAR values exclude thermal effects; however, they do not eliminate potential neuromuscular effects. More neurophysiological tests are needed to obtain a broader picture of possible health effects.

scholarly journals Protocol for personal RF-EMF exposure measurement studies in 5th generation telecommunication networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Velghe ◽  
Sam Aerts ◽  
Luc Martens ◽  
Wout Joseph ◽  
Arno Thielens
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Device ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Body ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Exposure Measurement ◽  
5G Technologies

Abstract Background The general population is exposed to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMFs) used by telecommunication networks. Previous studies developed methods to assess this exposure. These methods will be inadequate to accurately assess exposure in 5G technologies or other wireless technologies using adaptive antennas. This is due to the fact that 5G NR (new radio) base stations will focus actively on connected users, resulting in a high spatio-temporal variations in the RF-EMFs. This increases the measurement uncertainty in personal measurements of RF-EMF exposure. Furthermore, a user’s exposure from base stations will be dependent on the amount of data usage, adding a new component to the auto-induced exposure, which is often omitted in current studies. Goals The objective of this paper is to develop a general study protocol for future personal RF-EMF exposure research adapted to 5G technologies. This protocol will include the assessment of auto-induced exposure of both a user’s own devices and the networks’ base stations. Method This study draws from lessons learned from previous RF-EMF exposure research and current knowledge on 5G technologies, including studies simulating 5G NR base stations and measurements around 5G NR test sites. Results To account for auto-induced exposure, an activity-based approach is introduced. In survey studies, an RF-EMF sensor is fixed on the participants’ mobile device(s). Based on the measured power density, GPS data and movement and proximity sensors, different activities can be clustered and the exposure during each activity is evaluated. In microenvironmental measurements, a trained researcher performs measurements in predefined microenvironments with a mobile device equipped with the RF-EMF sensor. The mobile device is programmed to repeat a sequence of data transmission scenarios (different amounts of uplink and downlink data transmissions). Based on simulations, the amount of exposure induced in the body when the user device is at a certain location relative to the body, can be evaluated. Conclusion Our protocol addresses the main challenges to personal exposure measurement introduced by 5G NR. A systematic method to evaluate a user’s auto-induced exposure is introduced.

scholarly journals Mobile telephony and its effects on human health

2019 ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Andrzej Magiera ◽  
Jolanta Solecka
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Mobile Telephony ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of electromagnetic radiation sources such as mobile phones and base stations of mobile telephony. This radiation has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B). For this reason, many studies have been carried out on the impact of mobile telephony on human health. The largest of the experiments were carried out on animals. Due to the divergent results of many studies, there was no clear answer on the possible carcinogenic effects of this type of radiation on health. Detection of cancer shortly after an exposure is the most difficult task in analyzing the results. Some of the studies require repetition and verification of the results. In the case of negative effects of electromagnetic fields on brain activity, sleep, heart rate, cognitive function and blood pressure, no consistent evidence has been obtained either. In view of the increasing popularity of mobile phones, their location at short distances from the body (mainly the head) and the development of mobile phone technologies (which entails an increase in the number of base stations), further research, especially among young people, is needed. The duration of human exposure to electromagnetic radiation is subject to an increase and only further research can provide an answer on the possible negative effects of mobile phones and base stations.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation and its Impact on Our Health and Eco-System

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 915-920
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Agency ◽  
The Impact

Electromagnetic Field (EMF) radiation is a wave of the electromagnetic field. The radiation from mobile phones, cordless phones, mobile antennas, and many other devices pose health threats, especially when they are close to the body for extended period. In humans and animals, bioelectrical signals regulate many processes. Therefore, EMF radiations can interfere with the natural way of how our body works; it affects our body at cell level. Moreover, the impact of EMF radiation on our eco-system is serious due to growing number of broadcasting antennas, mobile communications base stations etc. World Health Organization (WHO) says the EMF radiations produced by mobile phone is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as possible carcinogen to humans. The aim of this research paper is to survey on mobile phone usage and EMF radiation awareness. Our results from analyzing the survey data shows that 86.2% people keep their mobile phones near their ears while receiving calls, 77.7% people keep mobile phones in their bedroom before going to bed. Based on the results and considering the major impact of EMF radiations, we propose innovative house design called Radiation Reduced Dwelling (RRD) by which the EMF radiation exposure can be minimized at home. Moreover, we propose an Environment Friendly Link (EFL) by which mobile base stations case be avoided in forests and hilly areas.

EXPOSURE CATEGORIZATION IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON POSSIBLE HEALTH EFFECTS OF MOBILE PHONES AND BASE STATIONS

Epidemiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. S114
Author(s):  
Niels Kuster ◽  
Juerg Froehlich ◽  
Asher Shepard ◽  
Michael Kelsh
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Base Stations

Cannabis Associated “High” Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality: Marijuana Smoke Like Tobacco Smoke? A Déjà Vu/Déjà Vécu Story?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 870-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora A. Manolis ◽  
Antonis A. Manolis ◽  
Antonis S. Manolis
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
English Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cannabis Smoking ◽  
Deja Vu ◽  
Déjà Vu

Background: Cannabis use has increased over the past several years as some countries have legalized its use for the treatment of certain medical conditions and/or for recreational use. Thus, concerns have risen about potential adverse health effects. Increasing number of reports have associated cannabis use with serious cardiovascular (CV) complications. Furthermore, there appears to be a likeness in the harmful health effects, especially on the CV and respiratory systems, of cannabis smoking to those of tobacco smoking. Objective: To review the CV effects of cannabis use and compare them with those of tobacco use. Methods: Articles were reviewed that were published in English literature reporting on cannabis and cannabinoid pharmacology and their effects on the CV system and their consequences. Emphasis was also placed on articles reporting on cannabis use in adolescents, exposure to secondhand smoke, its effect on exercise and finally its inter-relationship and similarities with tobacco use. Results: With growing cannabis use, an increasing number of reports have emerged associating marijuana use with serious and life-threatening CV complications, including acute coronary syndromes, potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias and ischemic strokes. There are certain similarities of the deleterious CV and respiratory effects of cannabis smoking with those of tobacco smoking. Despite the difference in the active ingredients (tetrahydrocannabinol vs. nicotine), each substance produces a plethora of chemicals when smoked and these are largely identical; furthermore, due to different modes of smoking, cannabis chemicals are retained in the body for a longer time. Of course, concomitant tobacco and cannabis smoking is a perplexing factor in isolating damages specifically pertaining to cannabis use, while the health risk is additive. Although the mechanisms producing CV harm may be somewhat different between these two substances, the outcome appears similar, or even worse, as the effects may emerge at a younger age. Conclusion: There is an increasing concern that, apart from the mental health problem with cannabis smoking, societies may be facing another wave of a déjà vu/déjà vécu phenomenon similar to the tobacco smoking story.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document