scholarly journals Antimycotic Activity of Important Medicinal Plants Against Wilt Pathogen of Pigeon Pea and Leaf Spot Pathogen of Tomato

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-341
Author(s):  
V. Jalander ◽  
M. Mamatha
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of six different medicinal plants such as Adhatoda vasica Nees, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don., Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf., Eucalyptus globules Labill. and Ocimum sanctum L., were tested for their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. udum Butler, a wilt pathogen of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] and Alternaria solani, a leaf spot pathogen of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The leaf extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) prepared from six different plant leaves at different level of concentrations i.e. 5,10, 15 & 20% were incorporated in glucose nitrate liquid medium. The results were indicated that the ethanolic leaf extracts found good inhibitory activity than aqueous leaf extracts against plant pathogenic fungi tested. The ethanolic leaf extract prepared from Azadirachta indica was showed better efficacy against wilt pathogenic fungus and extract from E. globules found good inhibitory activity against leaf spot pathogen of tomato.

scholarly journals Effects of botanicals against anthracnose and blight diseases of Houttuynia cordata Thunb

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Trisha Saha ◽  
Shamim Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata Thunb

Anthracnose and blight were recorded on Houttuynia cordata Thunb. during April 2013 to December 2013. The isolated fungi from the symptomatic plants were identified as Alterneria alternata (Fr.) Keissler and Colletotrichum gloeosporoides (Penz.) Sacc. Ethanol leaf extracts of five plants viz.,Azadirachta indica L., Citrus limon L., Datura metel L., Sennaalata L. and Tagetes erecta L.were evaluated against the pathogenic fungi A. alternata and C. gloeosporoides at 5%, 10% and 20% concentrations in vitro. A. indica recorded as good inhibitor against the test fungi followed by C. limon, S. alata, D. metel and T.erecta. In vivo treatment also showed that A.indica is the most effective in controlling diseases at 10% concentration. The plants treated with A. indica were fresh and healthy up to one month of observation.J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 42(1): 41-48, June 2016

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF TULSI (OCIMUM SANCTUM) AND NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) METHANOL EXTRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Vipul Kumar ◽  
Anurag Chakraborty ◽  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Sony Pandey ◽  
Manoj Kumar Jena
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Objective: This study was focused on to compare the antimicrobial activity of methanolic leaf extracts of tulsi and neem.Methods: We have chosen tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) to compare their antimicrobial activity toward Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Phytochemical extracts have been made by the use of methanol as solvent and dried leaf powder by the cold maceration extraction process. Phytochemical analysis for some secondary metabolites has been done using standard protocols. Nutrient agar plates were inoculated with the above-mentioned microorganisms by spreading bacterial inoculum on the surface of the media. Wells (6 mm in diameter) were punched in the agar. The phytochemical extracts of neem and tulsi were allowed to diffuse into the medium, and after incubation of 24 h at 37°C, the zones of inhibition were observed.Results: Statistical analysis showed that tulsi was more effective toward S. aureus while neem was more effective toward E. coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tulsi for both the microorganisms was 0.4 g/ml, and the MIC of neem for both the microorganisms was 0.2 g/ml. When both the tulsi and neem extract were mixed with each other for every concentration at equal volume, they have shown better effects in comparison to individual neem or tulsi extract and also the MIC got reduced to 0.2 g/ml for both the bacteria.Conclusions: Leaf extracts of both the A. indica and O. sanctum have shown antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. A. indica has higher antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, whereas the O. sanctum was found to be more effective against E. coli (indicated by the zone of inhibition). When both the extracts were mixed with each other, they have shown a better effect toward both bacteria.

scholarly journals BIOASSAY OF BOTANICAL OILS AGAINST ALTERNARIA SOLANI

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Tahira Parveen ◽  
Kanika Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum ◽  
Whatman Paper

Objective: In vitro antifungal activity of six essential oils of 1. Ocimum tenuiflorum (Purple leaves/Krishna Tulsi) 2. Cymbopogon citrates (Nimbu ghas), 3. Origanum majorina (Sweet majoram), 4. Ocimum citriodorum (Nimbu tulsi), 5. Ocimum bascillicum (Gulal tulsi), and 6. Ocimum sanctum (Green leaves/Shree tulsi) were investigated against economically important phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria solani, isolated from infected chilly. Methods: The experiment was carried out by Whatman paper disc method using Whatman paper No.3 on Potato Dextrose Agar with three replicates. Five concentrations of each essential oils i.e., 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% were assayed against the test fungus. The experiment was carried out at 27ᵒC and mycelial growth was measured after every third day, upto 15 d using statistical method.Results: It is an evident from this study that all the oils used in this study are inhibiting test fungi, oil of O. bascillicum and O. sanctum are completely (100%) inhibiting test fungi.Conclusion: It may be concluded from the above study that all the taken oils have a good potential to control plant pathogenic fungi and these could be considered for developing a new fungicide.

Antidiabetic Action Of Polyherbal Ethanolic Extract In Alloxan Induced Diabetic In Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Saxena Pal ◽  
Nikita Saraswat ◽  
Pranay Wal ◽  
Ankita Wal ◽  
Yogendra Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Drug Preparation ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Herbal Products

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a complex, chronic metabolic disease, with heterogeneous etiology and risk factors at the social level and behavioral, environmental, and genetic susceptibility. There are numerous traditional medicinal plants reported having hypoglycemic properties such as Allium sativum (Garlic), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Punica granatum (Anar), Trigonella foenum (Fenugreek), Momordica charantia (Bitter gourd), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi). The use and delivery of herbal medicine as a dosage form in treating and preventing diseases has a long history started with use in Mesopotamia in 2600 B.C. Although the oldest record on the practice of medicinal plants for drug preparation was engraved on a Sumerian clay slab, created over 5,000 years ago. The use of medicinal plants is still continuing in this modern era, and it has been estimated that approximately one-fourth of prescription medicines worldwide are derived from plants. Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of Ethanolic extract of leaves of Punica granatum, Beta vulgaris, and Azadirachta Indica in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The use of herbal products is not only limited to dietary uses, such as food, nutrition, etc., it has a distinct role in the remedy of several diseases. Methods: Animals were induced with diabetes using Alloxan and then were observed on basis of numerous parameters to access the induction and control of diabetes in comparison to all groups. The animal received dosing of Herbal extracts in treated groups and were checked for Fasting blood glucose. Neurobehavioral studies & weight of all animals checked on 7,14,21,28 days after induction of diabetes. Results: The results proved that the herbal extract of the powder was anti-diabetic in action. Conclusion: The herbal extract must be tested for the phyto-constituents and the active constituent must be isolated to perform research on humans.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Extracts of Medicinal Plants on Mungbean in Vivo Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Priyanka Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Alkaline Extract ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

The experiments were conducted at Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Krishi Vishavidhyalaya,Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India to see the allelopathic effect of medicinal leaf extracts of Ocimum sanctum L., Calotropis procera(Ait.) Ait.f and Astragalus tribuloides Delile on the plumule length of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) in vivo conditions. The results indicated that different extracts such as alcoholic,aqueous acidic and alkaline extract of Ocimum sanctum L., Calotropis procera(Ait.) Ait.f and Astragalus tribuloides Delile showed different plumule length of mungbean in vivo conditions. All the extracts of Ocimum sanctum L.showed no effect in comparison of control. The alcoholic extract of Calotropis procera(Ait.) Ait.f, produce considerably higher as compared to control followed by aqueous, acidic but alkaline extract showed negative effect on plumule length of mungbean. However, the alcoholic and alkaline extracts of Astragalus tribuloides Delile showed positive effect than aqueous acidic extract on the plumule of mungbean.

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SEAWEED ULVA LACTUCA L. EXTRACTED CRUDE PROTEIN AGAINST PATHOGENIC FUNGI

2019 ◽  
pp. 393-396
Author(s):  
KRISHNAMOORTHI R ◽  
SIVAKUMAR SR
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cd Spectroscopy ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of seaweed extracted protein against the pathogenic fungi. Methods: Antifungal activity of seaweed Ulva lactuca L. extracted protein was determined against pathogenic fungi such as Alternaria solani, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum by disk diffusion Method. Then, the potentially active protein was determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Results: Seaweeds extracted protein checked for the antifungal activity against A. clavatus, A. solani, and A. flavus better activity compared to standard amphotericin-B and CD spectroscopy. Analysis of the extracts divulges the presence of entire protein compounds. Conclusions: This study extracted seaweed protein sufficient of antifungal activity opposed to antifungal pathogens as compared with the standard. This is first report an activity of seaweed extracted protein against the plant and human pathogenic fungus bearing agricultural important.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Composition, Antimicrobial Effect of Azadirachta indica and Carica papaya Extracts on Fungi Isolated From Gmelina arborea Seedling

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umana E. Johnson ◽  
Patrick I. Akwaji ◽  
Udo S. Effiong ◽  
Markson Aniedi-Abasi ◽  
Orok E. Effiom
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Mucor Mucedo

Gmelina arborea Roxb has important economic value in Nigeria and worldwide. It has been used as timber, for pulp and paper, furniture, plywood and for particle board. Due to the menace caused by fungal diseases in nurseries and sites where the seedlings are raised and the observed disease severity at the Awi Gmelina Forestry Project Nursery in Cross River State, Nigeria. It became necessary to provide a viable environmentally friendly measure to curb the diseases, hence, a trial on the antifungal effects of leaf extracts of Carica papaya and Azadirachta indica in-vitro using different extract solvents on some pathogenic fungi isolated from Gmelina arborea seedlings. The isolated fungi were Trichoderma viride (from stem and leaf) and Mucor mucedo (stem and leaf). The solvents used were ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, acetone, chloroform and distilled water. Phytochemical screening of extracts of C. papaya from the different solvents showed that there was no tannin and hydroxymethyl anthraquinine. Flavonoids and polyphenols were in excess in acetone and methanol extracts respectively. For A. indica, polyphenols were only found in excess in ethanol and methanol extracts. Application of the extracts at different percentages of 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% showed that Carica papaya extracted with butanol was more potent on Trichoderma viride and Mucor mucedo at 60%, 70%, 80% and 100% while the growth of Trichoderma viride and Mucor mucedo was checked by butanol extracts of A. indica at 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%. Conclusively, butanol extracts of C. papaya and A. indica at higher concentrations is recommended for use as spray to control the diseases.

scholarly journals Changes in Peptaibol Production of Trichoderma Species during In Vitro Antagonistic Interactions with Fungal Plant Pathogens

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Parisa Rahimi Tamandegani ◽  
Tamás Marik ◽  
Doustmorad Zafari ◽  
Dóra Balázs ◽  
Csaba Vágvölgyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

Trichoderma species are widely used as biofungicides for the control of fungal plant pathogens. Several studies have been performed to identify the main genes and compounds involved in Trichoderma–plant–microbial pathogen cross-talks. However, there is not much information about the exact mechanism of this profitable interaction. Peptaibols secreted mainly by Trichoderma species are linear, 5–20 amino acid residue long, non-ribosomally synthesized peptides rich in α-amino isobutyric acid, which seem to be effective in Trichoderma–plant pathogenic fungus interactions. In the present study, reversed phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) was used to detect peptaibol profiles of Trichoderma strains during interactions with fungal plant pathogens. MS investigations of the crude extracts deriving from in vitro confrontations of Trichoderma asperellum and T. longibrachiatum with different plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium moniliforme, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum species complex, Alternaria solani and Rhizoctonia solani) were performed to get a better insight into the role of these non-ribosomal antimicrobial peptides. The results revealed an increase in the total amount of peptaibols produced during the interactions, as well as some differences in the peptaibol profiles between the confrontational and control tests. Detection of the expression level of the peptaibol synthetase tex1 by qRT-PCR showed a significant increase in T. asperellum/R. solani interaction in comparison to the control. In conclusion, the interaction with plant pathogens highly influenced the peptaibol production of the examined Trichoderma strains.

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