scholarly journals Aquaculture in Brazil and worldwide: overview and perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 098-107
Author(s):  
Eduardo Soares Calixto ◽  
Danilo Ferreira Borges Santos ◽  
Denise Lange ◽  
Melina Santos Galdiano ◽  
Inayat Ur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
World Population ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
Productive Method

Aquaculture is the cultivation of aquatic organisms through a controlled cultivation process. Currently, half the fish consumed by the world population is produced by aquaculture activity. This review, and informed data, trends, and the general panorama of aquaculture in Brazil and worldwide, as well as the scenario of the tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production, in order to provide specific directions for future investments and researches. Globally, fish aquaculture productivity is approximately 110 million tons in 2016, with China being the country with the highest productivity (49 million tons). Brazil occupies the 13th place with about 700 thousand tons of aquaculture fish, where tilapia is one of the most cultivated. Furthermore, the ration production for aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing sectors in the country (930 thousand tons of ration represents 1.33% concerning the total feed produced to cultivation of the animals – data of 2016), with emphasis on the biofloc system, which represents a productive method with better cost-benefit and low environmental impact. In general, aquaculture trends are the real progress of this activity, but so that social, economic, and environmental aspects are interconnected and progressing concomitantly.

scholarly journals The True Cost of Sugar: Economic trade-offs in conventional, organic and Fairtrade sugarcane and sugar beet production.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris den Boer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Production ◽  
Economic Criteria

Sugar is an important economic commodity that is produced and consumed around the world. The impacts of different production methods differ on social, economic and environmental aspects. This research focuses on the economic trade- offs in conventional, organic and Fairtrade sugarcane production in India and sugar beet production in the Netherlands. Previous research provides insights into single production methods, but a complete comparison between different production methods is currently lacking. Data was collected using both literature research and interviews in the Netherlands and India. After developing a Multi-Criteria Analysis, it is concluded that organic sugarcane and Fairtrade sugarcane rank slightly higher than conventional sugarcane on the economic criteria. However, conventional sugar beet and organic sugar beet rank higher on all economic aspects, with conventional sugar beet ranking the highest. The main differences between the production methods can be seen in the innovation, and to a lesser extent the in the production.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF Β THALASSEMIA IN NORTHERN ISRAEL - A COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS.

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e2014012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Koren ◽  
Lora Profeta ◽  
Luci Zalman ◽  
Haya Palmor ◽  
Carina Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Program ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
World Population ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

Background:β Thalassemia major is characterized by hemolytic anemia, ineffectiveerythropoiesis and hemosiderosis. About 4 % of the world population carries a Thalassemiagene. Management includes blood transfusions and iron chelation, this treatmentis costly and population screening may be significantly more cost benefit. Purpose: Thepurpose of the current study is to analyze the cost of running a preventionprogram for β Thalassemia in Israel and compare it to the actual expensesincurred by treating Thalassemia patients. Methods: Threecost parameters were analyzed and compared: The prevention program, routinetreatment of patients and treatment of complications. An estimation of theexpenses needed to treat patients that present with complications werecalculated based on our ongoing experience in treatment of deterioratingpatients. Results andConclusions: The cost of preventing one affected newborn was $63,660 comparedto $1,971,380 for treatment of a patient during 50 years (mean annual cost:  $39,427). Thus, the prevention of 45 affectednewborns over a ten years period represents a net saving of $88.5 million tothe health budget. Even after deducting the cost of the prevention program ($413.795/yr.), the program still represents abenefit of $ 76 million over ten years. Each prevented case could pay thescreening and prevention program for 4.6 ys.

scholarly journals Dilemmas over the theory and practice of the modern world pseudoconcreteness and scientific thinking

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (162) ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
Radosav Anicic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World Population ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Human History ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Economic Development

The reality of the modern world has become characteristic in many aspects even historically, due to a large number of almost insoluble contradictions of social-economic development most often accompanied by seriously warning retrograde processes, existential problems of a large part of the world population and other phenomena that are difficult to solve by using knowledge of contemporary science. Starting from this, as well as from a well known premise of the philosophy of science dating from the Plato age that "a thought arises from the opposite", it is possible to conclude that there have been few periods in recent human history so inspiring and at the same time so aggravating for the science as the period in which we are living. This paper deals with the following question: is the contemporary scientific thought and to what extent, capable of facing this challenge especially bearing in mind that it has been argued that, due to a general crisis of practice, science itself, as its reflective form, is also facing a crisis. The paper aims at critical reviewing of those attitudes and beliefs in which the essence of science and its interdependency upon the reality it studies are incomplete or inadequate.

scholarly journals PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT OF LIVELIHOOD RESOURCES AND ADAPTATIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN MADI VALLEY OF CHITWAN, NEPAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Shree Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
The Social ◽  
Participatory Assessment

This paper has applied participatory tools to assess the livelihood resources and adaptations in Madi Valley, Nepal. It has utilized the social, economic, and environmental aspects of the identified adaptations through participatory scoring (1 to 5) for participatory cost-benefit (PCB) analysis. Additionally, it considered gender equality, technical feasibility, inclusiveness, future vulnerability for multi-criteria assessment (MCA). Series of focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to generate data based on communities’ perceptions. Based on PCB ratio, afforestation was the most prominent adaptation strategy, whereas early warning siren and evacuation tower (EWSET) was found the most effective adaptation based on the MCA.

scholarly journals Analysis of COVID -19: Where Do We Stand?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelli Umberto
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
World Population ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Background: The COVID-19 is a real pandemia and only very few countries in the world were minimally affected. Objective: To measure the impact of COVID-19 deaths in 49 countries (49 SC or selected countries) and correlate them with, ecological, demographical, social, economic variables, aging and chronic diseases. Material and methods: The 49 SCs are those considered by WHO reliable in term of deaths records. Data concerning COVID-19 were taken from John Hopkins records updated to December 5th. The ecological, demographical, social, economical variable were consistent with the CIA Fact Book 2020. The deaths due to the most common diseases and cancers were taken from the WHO records in term of ASDRs (Age Standardized Death Rate). The age index was taken from The World Bank. The correlations were calculate in term “r” (linear correlation). Results: The 49 SC represent about 19% of the world population accounting for about 61% of the total worldwide deaths. Very consistent differences among countries were shown, from 0% deaths up to 1.5 % deaths/1000 inhabitants. Any correlation was found with aging and ecological, demographical/social, economic variables. The same was for the most common diseases (a part of peptic ulcer) and cancers (a part of bladder cancer). Conclusion: The COVID-19 seems to be an independent disease, and the efficiency in reducing deaths belongs mainly by political issues.

Biodiesel production from non-edible oils: A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Jatinder Kataria ◽  
Saroj Kumar Mohapatra ◽  
Amit Pal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
The World

The limited fossil reserves, spiraling price and environmental impact due to usage of fossil fuels leads the world wide researchers’ interest in using alternative renewable and environment safe fuels that can meet the energy demand. Biodiesel is an emerging renewable alternative fuel to conventional diesel which can be produced from both edible and non-edible oils, animal fats, algae etc. The society is in dire need of using renewable fuels as an immediate control measure to mitigate the pollution level. In this work an attempt is made to review the requisite and access the capability of the biodiesel in improving the environmental degradation.

Making Human Rights a Reality

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie M. Hafner-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
World Population ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
National Human ◽  
The World ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
National Human Rights Institutions

In the last six decades, one of the most striking developments in international law is the emergence of a massive body of legal norms and procedures aimed at protecting human rights. In many countries, though, there is little relationship between international law and the actual protection of human rights on the ground. This book takes a fresh look at why it's been so hard for international law to have much impact in parts of the world where human rights are most at risk. The book argues that more progress is possible if human rights promoters work strategically with the group of states that have dedicated resources to human rights protection. These human rights “stewards” can focus their resources on places where the tangible benefits to human rights are greatest. Success will require setting priorities as well as engaging local stakeholders such as nongovernmental organizations and national human rights institutions. To date, promoters of international human rights law have relied too heavily on setting universal goals and procedures and not enough on assessing what actually works and setting priorities. This book illustrates how, with a different strategy, human rights stewards can make international law more effective and also safeguard human rights for more of the world population.

EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ASPECTS AND APPROACHES

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVED ALAM SHEIKH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
World Population ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Almost 50 per cent of the world population is constituted by the women and they have been making substantial contribution to socio-economic development. But, unfortunately their tremendous contribution remains unrecognized and unnoticed in most of the developing and least developed countries causing the problem of poverty among them. Empowering women has become the key element in the development of an economy. With women moving forward, the family moves, the village moves and the nation moves. Hence, improving the status of women by way of their economic empowerment is highly called for. Entrepreneurship is a key tool for the economic empowerment of women around the world for alleviating poverty. Entrepreneurship is now widely recognized as a tool of economic development in India also. In this paper I have tried to discuss the reasons and role of Women Entrepreneurship with the help of Push and Pull factors. In the last I have also discussed the problems and the road map of Women Entrepreneurs development in India.

Gender Ideology and Fertility: Evidence for a Curvilinear Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Stefani ◽  
Gabriele Prati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the relationship between fertility and gender ideology revealed inconsistent results. In the present study, we argue that inconsistencies may be due to the fact that such relationship may be nonlinear. We hypothesize a U- shaped relationship between two dimensions of gender ideology (i.e. primacy of breadwinner role and acceptance of male privilege) and fertility rates. We conducted a cross-national analysis of 60 countries using data from the World Values Survey as well as the World Population Prospects 2019. Controlling for gross domestic product, we found support for a U-shaped relationship between gender ideology and fertility. Higher levels of fertility rates were found at lower and especially higher levels of traditional gender ideology, while a medium level of gender ideology was associated with the lowest fertility rate. This curvilinear relationship is in agreement with the phase of the gender revolution in which the country is located. Traditional beliefs are linked to a complementary division of private versus public sphere between sexes, while egalitarian attitudes are associated with a more equitable division. Both conditions strengthen fertility. Instead, as in the transition phase, intermediate levels of gender ideology’s support are associated with an overload and a difficult reconciliation of the roles that women have to embody (i.e. working and nurturing) so reducing fertility. The present study has contributed to the literature by addressing the inconsistencies of prior research by demonstrating that the relationship between gender ideology and fertility rates is curvilinear rather than linear.

EXPLORING EX-ANTE IMPACTS AND SOCIAL AND SPORTIVE CHALLENGES OF HOSTING A FUTURE NEW INTERNATIONAL MAJOR EVENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE WORLD ROLLER GAMES IN BARCELONA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Saló ◽  
Laia López
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Research Question ◽  
City Image ◽  
Local Council ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Consequences ◽  
Mega Event ◽  
The City ◽  
The Postponement

Research Question: This analysis arises from the decision of the current local council of Barcelona regarding the postponement of the sporting mega-event ‘World Roller Games’, due to a lack of a social and sportive implication in this event. This research tries to shed some light on the matter and give evidence to the local council to become the world capital of skating. The research question is to analyse whether non-economic impacts could be relevant enough to organise a mega-event.Research Methods: The methodology is based on the perception and experience of spectators and participants on four main impacts (social, economic, sports city image and sports practice) using a survey from a National Roller Skating Championship in Spain, considering that this profile of respondents have a better knowledge of the current situation of this sport.Results and Findings: There are positive expected future consequences of this mega-event to be held in Barcelona in social and sportive terms. We can also conclude that the local council must still introduce some social and sportive policies in the city in order to improve the chances of success in social, sports practice and sportive brand image development.Implications: It is demonstrated that a mega-event should not be seen purely from a perspective of business generation, especially with minority sports like roller skating. There is a clear opportunity to develop social and sportive practice initiatives that can push social cohesion throughout the city thanks to a mega-event such as this one.

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