scholarly journals Law and Logic: E. Bulygin’s Deductive Pattern of Judicial Reasoning

wisdom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Elena TIMOSHINA ◽  
Arseny KRAEVSKY
Keyword(s):  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Language Theory ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Open Texture ◽  
General Rules ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Judicial Reasoning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Deductive Theory

In the twentieth century, the debate over the possibilities and limits of logic in law became particularly acute with the emergence of judicial realism, a philosophical and legal trend that denied the deductive nature of judicial decision-making. This compromised the theory of the judicial syllogism, assuming that a judicial decision could be deduced as a logical consequence from the premises - norms and facts, and generally provoked a sceptical attitude towards logic in law. The subject of the article is the deductive model of the justification of judicial decisions proposed by the outstanding legal philosopher Eugenio Bulygin. The aim of the article is to show Bulygin’s contribution to the improvement of the deductive model of judicial reasoning. The main innovations Bulygin brought to the deductive model of judicial reasoning are: 1) justifying, based on logical analysis and open texture of language theory, the analytical character of the court interpretative sentences; 2) distinguishing the individual and the generic subsumptions, etc. At the same time, the authors conclude that Bulygin’s improved deductive theory is not free from criticism, as the Argentine jurist does not succeed in complete eliminating doubts about the logical deducibility of at least some categories of decisions from general rules.

Book Review: The Judicial Process: Realism, Pragmatism, Practical Reasoning and Principles

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Bevan Marten
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

This article is a book review of E W Thomas The Judicial Process (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005) (414 + xxvi pages) Hardback NZ$180. In his belief that too many judges are simply 'muddling along' without a sound conception of what their role entails, Justice Thomas (a retired judge) has written a book putting forward a theory of judicial decision-making. The book represents the development of Thomas' thinking since an earlier monograph on the subject, but the two pillars on which he bases his theory remain unchanged: that the demands of justice in the individual case, and the requirement that the law meets society's reasonable needs, be at the forefront of every judgment. Marten notes that the book is deliberately pitched at a level that many people can read and enjoy. On the whole, Marten states that the book is a well-written and engaging book by one of New Zealand's most distinctive judges.

Collective Oath Compurgation in Anglo-Saxon England and African states

1979 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Shack
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
African State ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Early English ◽  
William The Conqueror

Social historians and historians of jurisprudence have, on occasion, drawn attention to the close resemblances between Anglo-Saxon society at the time when it is said to have been dominated by kinship relationships and the large kingdom states in Africa. The truth of the matter is not so easily come by, however, since the content of pre-medieval social relationships linking persons of different station was inadequately recorded by early writers. The faulty character of early records becomes evident in the area of jurisprudence, especially whenever attempts are made to assess the extent to which kinbased social relationships invaded the legal principles in Anglo-Saxon society in matters of dispute and settlement. This notwithstanding, it seems an instructive sociological task to reconsider comparatively with African state societies, wherever possible, certain of those legal ideas that allegedly formed the basis for judicial decision-making in early English courts before the introduction of trial by jury. The interpretation of these early ideas, set against the background of rights, duties, and obligations that obtained between persons of set status, should define more clearly than before whatever general agreement exists between these legal principles and those that obtain in African state societies. A more ambitious treatment of the subject than is attempted in this essay would extend beyond Anglo-Saxon society. But, because of the faulty character of early records, I limit this literary exercise to the period before William the Conqueror crossed the Channel.

scholarly journals La adjudicación judicial: modelos de racionalidad jurídica y particularidades de la decisión judicial en materia de salud

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Lucía Irene Lapenta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Judicial Reasoning ◽  
The Right

Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre las particularidades del razonamiento judicial en materia de salud, en el marco de los modelos de racionalidad material. A tal fin, se analizan cinco fallos jurisprudenciales y se ofrecen algunas reflexiones en relación con el razonamiento judicial subyacente, identificando aquellos elementos que caracterizan la toma de decisión judicial en materia de salud.   This article presents an analysis of the specifications in judicial reasoning in health matters, with reference to models of material rationality. To do that, we analyze five jurisprudential decisions and offer some reflections in relation to the underlying judicial reasoning, identifying those elements that characterize the judicial decision making regarding the Right to Health.

scholarly journals The Human Element in the Judicial Process

1969 ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honourable Mr. Justice Louis-Philippe Pigeon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Human Element ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Selection Of

The imprecision in ascertaining facts and the uncertainty in laws is the subject of this article. The author discusses this in the framework of judicial discretion by examining the strengths and weaknesses of the exercise in discretion. He recognizes that judges do not blindly apply fixed laws by emphasizing the unavoidable imprecision in the law and the exercise of judicial discretion in making law. The author concludes by pointing out the existence of personal factors which enter into the judicial decision-making process and the tremendous social importance of the selection of members of judiciary.

“The Duty to Act Fairly”: Ethics, Legal Anthropology, and Labor Justice in the Manual Workers Union of Botswana

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pnina Werbner
Keyword(s):  
Legal Anthropology ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Public Sector Union ◽  
High Court ◽  
Legitimate Expectations ◽  
Public Ethics ◽  
Judicial Reasoning ◽  
Court Of Appeal

AbstractThis paper analyses the significance of the Botswana High Court and Court of Appeal judgments of a case in which the Manual Worker Union, a blue-collar public sector union, challenged the Botswana Government to reinstate dismissed workers with all their past benefits. I examine the role of public ethics and morality in Botswana as reflected in key notions used by High Court judges, such as “the duty to act fairly” and “legitimate expectations,” and argue that legal anthropologists have neglected such ideas, despite their having become a bedrock of contemporary judicial reasoning. While anthropology has shown a renewed interest in ethics, issues of public ethics and morality remain relatively unexplored in contemporary legal anthropological debates. One has to go back to the work of Max Gluckman on reasonableness in judicial decision-making among the Barotse to find foundational anthropological insights into the morality and ethics of law in non-Western societies. In the legally plural context of Botswana, notions of equity and fairness, this paper argues, “permeate” the legal landscape.

Identity and Diversity on the International Bench

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Freya Baetens
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
National Origin ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
International Courts ◽  
Institutional Frameworks ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Religion And Ethnicity ◽  
The Individual

This chapter explores the implications of adjudicators’ identity and diversity for the normative and sociological legitimacy of international courts and tribunals. It considers a range of elements that constitute a person’s identity, including gender, national origin, legal culture, religion, and ethnicity. In doing so, the chapter provides an overview of the volume’s contribution to the existing literature on matters of identity and diversity, focusing among other on appointment processes, judicial decision-making and adjudicators’ legacies. The chapter outlines the various justifications used to advocate greater diversity, highlights the relevance of institutional frameworks, and engages with the question whether the pursuit of diversity risks affecting quality. It analyses existing and emerging regulation as well as practices relating to diversity, in search of the reasons for its lack on international benches. Finally, it outlines the tripartite structure underlying the volume (the importance of an adjudicator’s identity before, during, and after their time on the bench), explains how the individual chapters fit into this framework and sets out how future scholarship may build on the present research findings.

Ideology and Partisanship

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Election Law ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Independent Effects

The question of whether partisan or ideological preferences influence judicial decision-making has been the subject of numerous studies. Due to the strong correlation between party and ideology, scholars have often chosen to examine the combined effects of party and ideology. Recently, however, and in spite of the fact that correlation between party and ideology is growing, scholars have begun to investigate the independent effects of party and ideology by studying a unique group of election law cases, where partisan and ideological considerations often conflict. There has also been an emerging interest in identifying the causes behind the increased polarization of the Court. The increased polarized of the Senate is one posited theory.

Differential Effects of Competence and Morality on Self-Esteem at the Individual and the Collective Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Wiktor Soral ◽  
Mirosław Kofta
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The importance of various trait dimensions explaining positive global self-esteem has been the subject of numerous studies. While some have provided support for the importance of agency, others have highlighted the importance of communion. This discrepancy can be explained, if one takes into account that people define and value their self both in individual and in collective terms. Two studies ( N = 367 and N = 263) examined the extent to which competence (an aspect of agency), morality, and sociability (the aspects of communion) promote high self-esteem at the individual and the collective level. In both studies, competence was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the individual level, whereas morality was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the collective level.

The Autobiographical Subject and the Death Penalty

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
E. S. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
First Person ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Why does writing of the death penalty demand the first-person treatment that it also excludes? The article investigates the role played by the autobiographical subject in Derrida's The Death Penalty, Volume I, where the confessing ‘I’ doubly supplements the philosophical investigation into what Derrida sees as a trend toward the worldwide abolition of the death penalty: first, to bring out the harmonies or discrepancies between the individual subject's beliefs, anxieties, desires and interests with respect to the death penalty and the state's exercise of its sovereignty in applying it; and second, to provide a new definition of the subject as haunted, as one that has been, but is no longer, subject to the death penalty, in the light of the worldwide abolition currently underway.

METHODOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH OF PERSONALITY SELF-DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Svitlana Kuzikova
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Life Strategy ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Development Organization ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

The author's approach to the empirical study of the peculiarities of self-development of a person has been  considered. The criteria of self-development as a subject activity have been characterized. Its indicators have been  given.  The  psychological  resources  of  personal  self-development  have  been  singled  out:  the  need  for  self- development as its source and determinant; conditions that ensure its success; mechanisms as functional means and  conditions  for  its  implementation.  Their  essence  has  been  revealed.  The  need  for  self-development  has  been  determined by the actualization of the characteristics of self-development (self-activity, vital activity, development of  self-consciousness) and has been occurred when the content structure of the individual consciousness and the  transformation of semantic entities changed. Conditions of self-development has been defined by mature I of  personality, openness, tolerance to the new, the presence of a conscious goal of self-realization and active life  strategy. Reflection, self-regulation and feedback have been considered as mechanisms of self-development. The  methodical approaches and means of studying the peculiarities and factors of the development of the subject of self- development in adolescence in the process of professional training have been offered, and the results of their  integrated empirical research have been highlighted. Particular attention has been paid to the analysis of the level  of actualization of self-development resources among students, discovered with the author's diagnostic method  "DCPSD" (Dispositional Characteristic of Personality of Self-development). It has been proved that psychological  resources as a set of possibilities of development already exist in the psychological reality of a person. It has been  shown that the dominance of the level of self-development resources’ actualization of the individual (and their  combination) can be correlated with the dimensions of the individual psychological space, indicating the individual  peculiarity of the personal self-development organization. It has been noted that, at the same time, actualization,  strengthening and harmonization of all psychological resources of a person self-development, enrichment of its  relations with the environment and other people, and increasing spirituality is necessary for the implementation of  progressive conscious personal self-development. У  статті  розглянуто  авторський  підхід  до  емпіричного  вивчення  особливостей  саморозвитку  особистості. Охарактеризовано критерії саморозвитку як суб’єктної діяльності, наведено його показники.  Виокремлено психологічні ресурси особистісного саморозвитку: потребу в саморозвитку як його джерело і  детермінант; умови, які забезпечують його успішність; механізми як  функціональні засоби і умови його  здійснення.    Розкрито    їх    сутність.    Потреба    в    саморозвитку    визначається    актуалізованістю  характеристик саморозвитку (самоактивність, життєдіяльність, розвиненість самосвідомості) і виникає  при зміні змістової  структури індивідуальної свідомості та трансформації смислових утворень. Умови  саморозвитку  окреслюють  зріле  Я  особистості,  відкритість,  толерантність  до  нового,  наявність  усвідомленої   мети   самоздійснення   та   активної   життєвої   стратегії.   Як   механізми   саморозвитку  розглядаються рефлексія, саморегуляція та зворотній зв'язок. Запропоновано методичні підходи і засоби  вивчення особливостей та чинників становлення суб’єкта саморозвитку в юнацькому віці в процесі фахової  підготовки, висвітлено результати їх комплексного емпіричного дослідження. Особливу увагу приділено  аналізу  рівня  актуалізації  ресурсів  саморозвитку  у  студентів,  виявленого  за  допомогою  авторської  діагностичної методики «ДХСО». Доведено, що психологічні ресурси  як сукупність можливостей розвитку  вже існують у психологічній реальності людини. Показано, що домінування рівня актуалізації ресурсів  саморозвитку особистості ( та їх поєднання) можна співвіднести з вимірами психологічного простору  особистості,   що   свідчить   про  індивідуальну   своєрідність   організації   особистісного  саморозвитку.  Зазначено,  що  в  той  же  час  для  здійснення  прогресивного  усвідомленого  особистісного  саморозвитку  необхідна   актуалізація,   взаємопосилення   і   гармонізація   всіх   психологічних   ресурсів   саморозвитку  особистості, збагачення її зв’язків із навколишнім середовищем та іншими людьми, підвищення духовності.

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