scholarly journals Anonymity Versus Privacy in a Control Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Melis
Keyword(s):  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Moral Virtue ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Control Society ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Default State ◽  
Privacy And Anonymity

Society is becoming increasingly more securitized with surveillance technologies having entered a phase of ubiquity, with their components built into many of our daily digital devices. The default state of tracking, monitoring, and recording has fundamentally changed our social and communicative environments. Through the lens of surveillance, everything we do and say can be potentially categorized as a “threat.” Our technological devices become the means by which social control becomes informationalized. A common tool of resistance against these pervasive surveillance practices takes the form of arguing for greater privacy protections to be implemented through information privacy and data protection laws. However, beyond the complexity of the privacy discourse itself, there are diverse information environments not easily parsed by law where the tension between transparency and secrecy complicates privacy practices. The main purpose of this article is conceptual. I consider what the practice of anonymity can offer that privacy does not. From a legal perspective, highlighting the nuances between privacy and anonymity helps us to understand the extent to which our speech and behaviors are becoming increasingly more constrained in the digital environment. In cultural and social contexts, privacy and anonymity often connote differing values; privacy is commonly considered a moral virtue, while anonymity is often maligned and associated with criminal or deviant behavior. In contrast to this understanding, I argue that anonymity should be reconsidered in light of the deterioration of privacy considerations as privacy practices are reframed as contractual resources that are co-opted by both the market and the state. Anonymity, more broadly construed as a mode of resistance to surveillance practices, allows for a more flexible, consistent, and collective means of ensuring civil liberties remain intact.

scholarly journals Hoya Eyegenius®: New Method for Measuring and Correcting Fixation Disparity

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-396
Author(s):  
Volkhard Schroth ◽  
Olga Prenat ◽  
Natalia Vlasak ◽  
Roger Crelier
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
New Method ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Fixation Disparity ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Normal Binocular Vision

Abstract Many things interfere with good binocular vision in nowadays modern digital environment: long periods spent looking at screens and switching between different digital devices at short distances. Vision-related or asthenopic complaints such as headaches, tired and burning eyes or blurred vision can be experienced by many people. Prescribing prismatic correction for fixation disparity can help to reduce these symptoms. A new, highly innovative method for measuring and correcting fixation disparity has been developed - HOYA EyeGenius®. The HOYA EyeGenius® method includes the unique examination procedures, pre-tests and fixation disparity measurements at far and near distances. The pre-tests allow to include patients with asthenopic complaints only with normal binocular vision and exclude cases with abnormal binocular vision. The main innovation of EyeGenius is based on direct conversion of the fixation disparity value into a prism amount. Therefore, the trial prismatic lenses are not used during the test. The use of digital devices makes this method interactive and minimizes the influence of the examiner.

scholarly journals Social contexts of music culture in the epoch of “current modernity”: from aleatoric to reflecting Shostakovich

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Marina A. Petinova
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Public Sphere

The dynamic processes taking place in society encompass all the meridians of activity-based forms of culture, including art. The social optics of everyday life shows that today the conditions for the existence of institutions can suddenly change, leading to a change in the way a person exists, transforming his place and habitual forms of activity, leading to an unexpected change in perception, destroying established expectations and goals. Time in such a new social ontology loses its processuality and connectedness, turning into isolated moments, impulses. Creativity processes either freeze, giving way to states of obscurity, prostration, or go into the development of a new media reality, into the public sphere of the digital environment and social communication. The above-described properties of the modern social world have allowed Sigmund Bauman to metaphorically describe it as fluid modernity. But if the borders are fluid and pass everywhere (M. Bakhtin), then the global question arises of the place and position of culture and, in particular, art. Time in such a new social ontology loses its processuality and connectedness, turning into isolated moments, impulses. Creativity processes either freeze, giving way to states of obscurity, prostration, or go into the development of a new media reality, into the public sphere of the digital environment and social communication. The above-described properties of the modern social world have allowed Sigmund Bauman to metaphorically describe it as fluid modernity. But if the borders are fluid and pass everywhere (M. Bakhtin), then the global question arises of the place and position of culture and, in particular, art. In the article, music as a form of culture is considered in relation to the social theory of Z. Bauman. And also mentioned D.D. Shostakovich in the context of the double meaning of his work.

scholarly journals PROCESSOS DE CONVERGÊNCIA DIGITAL E ESTRATÉGIAS MIDIÁTICAS NA CRIAÇÃO DE VALOR: um estudo da Revista Exame

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Egle Müller Spinelli ◽  
Mariana Benvenido
Keyword(s):  
Digital Environment ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Digital Convergence ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
New Strategies

Com a intensificação dos processos midiáticos no ambiente digital, as organizações jornalísticas precisam desenvolver novas estratégias para criar valor tanto para a empresa como para seus consumidores. Este artigo discorre sobre os conceitos de convergência digital e criação de valor para aplicá-los no caso da Revista Exame, um exemplo de reestruturação de lógica comunicacional a partir do desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas e plataformas para impulsionar o consumo de seus produtos. Também pretende-se verificar mudanças ocorridas na cadeia de produção, distribuição e consumo do meio impresso para os dispositivos digitais para aproximar a marca do público. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Jornalismo; convergência; valor; revista; dispositivos digitais. ABSTRACT With the intensification of media processes in the digital environment, the journalism companies need to develop new strategies to create value both for the company and the consumers. This article discusses the concepts of digital convergence and creation of value to apply them in the case of Exame Magazine, an example of communication logic structuring from the development of new tools and platforms to promove the consumption of this products. It is also intended to verify changes occurring in the production chain, distribution and consumption on the print midia for digital devices to bring the brand closer to the public. KEYWORDS: Journalism; convergence; value; magazine; digital devices. RESUMEN Con la intensificación de los procesos de comunicación en el entorno digital, las empresas de noticias necesitan desarrollar nuevas estrategias para crear valor tanto para la empresa y como para sus consumidores. Este artículo analiza los conceptos de convergencia digital y la creación de valor para aplicar en el caso de la revista Exame, un ejemplo de la lógica comunicacional de reestructuración con el desarrollo de nuevos intrumentos y plataformas para impulsar el consumo de sus productos. Tiene también la intención de verificar los cambios en la cadena de producción, distribución y consumo de los medios de impresión para dispositivos digitales para la marca estas mas cerca del publico. PALABRAS CLAVE: Periodismo; convergencia; valor; revista; dispositivos digitales.

scholarly journals Behavior of adolescents in the digital educational environment: Definition of concepts and formulation of the problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-196
Author(s):  
Viktor I. Panov ◽  
◽  
Natalya A. Borisenko ◽  
Ksenia V. Mironova ◽  
Svetlana V. Shishkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Problem Area ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Text Content

The relevance of the problem of adolescent behavior in the digital educational environment is conditioned by acceleration of education digitalization processes, which participate in the formation of a new type of behavior, i.e. digital behavior, that is defined as a system of actions associated with the use of the digital environment. The purpose of the present work is to investigate the current state of this problem and outline the prospects for its further study on the basis of the analysis and generalization of Russian and foreign sources. We employ the methods of theoretical analysis, systematization of the results of relevant psychological and pedagogical studies and the retrospective analysis of key concepts. We also present the general conceptual system of the research area under study and the genesis and semantics of the terms: information behavior, digital behavior, educational environment, digital educational environment (DEE). The study has revealed the process of transformation of views on the educational environment and the difference between the digital environment and the pre-digital one. The problem area of DEE study has been indicated: positive and negative effects of DEE implementation, psychological reasons for rejecting innovations, psychological safety of the educational environment and design of the effective DEE. We have also investigated the problem of full scale use of digital educational platforms and services in Russian schools to improve the quality of the learning process, including distance learning. We have considered the sources and methods of researching digital behavior, i.e. digital psychometrics based on the analysis of “digital footpri nts”. Unlike most works that study deviant behavior of adolescents, our work focuses on normative, pro-social behavior. We have taken into consideration such problems as behavior of schoolchildren on different digital educational platforms, digital multitasking, interaction of adolescents with electronic text content, stages of subjectivity formation in the digital educational space, which are relevant for the study.

scholarly journals The Significance of ‘Things’ in Cybercrime: How to Apply Actor-network Theory in (Cyber)criminological Research and Why it Matters

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-168
Author(s):  
Wytske Van der Wagen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Principles

In recent years computer technologies and digital devices have become ubiquitous in all facets of human existence, including crime and deviant behavior. Various forms of criminality have emerged in which technical entities play a substantial role. It can be argued that such a development urges criminologists and anthropologists to draw more attention to the significance of things in crime. Latour’s (2005) actor-network theory (ANT), which considers non-human entities as active participants of the social, could be a useful approach for extending our analytical focus to the non-human. The article will not only asses why, but also how we can apply ANT as a more-than-human methodology in qualitative research, by discussing three ANT-based methodological principles: ‘follow the tool’, ‘follow the hybrid’ and ‘follow the network.’ In this scope, this article draws on earlier conducted qualitative ANT case studies on different forms of high-tech cybercrime. In a more general vein, the article aims to show that innovations in qualitative research methods can be also informed by theory. 

scholarly journals Science Inside Law: The Making of a New Patent Class in the International Patent Classification

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo Yoon Kang
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
The Novel ◽  
International Patent Classification ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Patent Documents ◽  
Patentable Invention ◽  
Legal Understanding

ArgumentRecent studies of patents have argued that the very materiality and techniques of legal media, such as the written patent document, are vital for the legal construction of a patentable invention. Developing the centrality placed on patent documents further, it becomes important to understand how these documents are ordered and mobilized. Patent classification answers the necessity of making the virtual nature of textual claims practicable by linking written inscription to bureaucracy. Here, the epistemological organization of documents overlaps with the grid of patent administration. How are scientific inventions represented in such a process? If we examine the process of creating a new patent category within the International Patent Classification (IPC), it becomes clear that disagreements about the substance of the novel inventive subject matter have been resolved by computer simulations of patent documents in draft classifications. The practical needs of patent examiners were the most important concerns in the making of a new category. Such a lack of epistemological mediation between the scientific and legal identities of an invention depicts a legal understanding that science is already inside patent law. From an internal legal perspective, the self-referential introduction of the new patent category may make practical sense; however it becomes problematic from a technological and scientific standpoint as the remit of the patent classification also affects other social contexts and practices.

scholarly journals Recommendations with a Nudge

Technologies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi Karlsen ◽  
Anders Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Digital Nudging ◽  
And Behavior

In areas such as health, environment, and energy consumption, there is a need to do better. A common goal in society is to get people to behave in ways that are sustainable for the environment or support a healthier lifestyle. Nudging is a term known from economics and political theory, for influencing decisions and behavior using suggestions, positive reinforcement, and other non-coercive means. With the extensive use of digital devices, nudging within a digital environment (known as digital nudging) has great potential. We introduce smart nudging, where the guidance of user behavior is presented through digital nudges tailored to be relevant to the current situation of each individual user. The ethics of smart nudging and the transparency of nudging is also discussed. We see a smart nudge as a recommendation to the user, followed by information that both motivates and helps the user choose the suggested behavior. This paper describes such nudgy recommendations, the design of a smart nudge, and an architecture for a smart nudging system. We compare smart nudging to traditional models for recommender systems, and we describe and discuss tools (or approaches) for nudge design. We discuss the challenges of designing personalized smart nudges that evolve and adapt according to the user’s reactions to the previous nudging and possible behavioral change of the user.

scholarly journals Doing digital ethnography in the digital age

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Markham
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Key Issues

This working paper introduces key issues and challenges for ethnographic research of digitally saturated social environments, online social contexts, or digitally-mediated phenomena. It focuses on empirical approaches used by ethnographers and sociologists studying digital culture. In the context of digital social research, this may involve observing or collecting actual behaviors and actions in social networking platforms or studying use and interactions with and around digital devices, technologies, and media in naturalistic environments. It might also involve recording and observing in contrived settings, like workshops, focus groups, experiments, or interviews. The target of one’s study could include people in their physical forms or just data produced through human behaviors, movements, or flows of information. The study might seem small scale, whereby one is looking at a single case, instance, individual or small group, or largescale, when exploring patterns in aggregated datasets, analyzing upswells or shifts of interest in events or crisis, examining how ideas flow or emerge through various groups, platforms, or networks. With such a broad range of topics, approaches, choices, there will obviously be different theories, concepts, methods, ethics, and best practices. This paper provides a good starting point. It is a variation of a chapter for a forthcoming Handbook of Qualitative Research.

scholarly journals E-Black Board System-A step towards Digital Education

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Priya Mishra ◽  
Yogita Meshram ◽  
Pallavi Dange ◽  
Amruta Wankhede ◽  
Prakashini Bawankule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Systems ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Android Application ◽  
Small Step ◽  
Digital Education ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Fast Learning ◽  
System A ◽  
Board System

E-Black Board system provides the easiest and convenient way of learning in Educational systems. This project presents a system which takes a small step digital learning. Android application is provided which takes the speech from the user and work in collaboration with the Bluetooth device. In Listening mode, application converts the spoken words into text and displays them onto the LCD screen. Power supply will supply the system energy needed which can be connected to any digital devices (like PC, Laptops, Mobile, etc).The converted text will be then displayed to the LCD screen with the help of Microcontroller. Along with this the customer would be informed about the on-going offers in the store. In today’s digital environment this system provides easy and fast learning facility.

scholarly journals Urban E–Inclusion:An Empirical Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7731-7735
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
User Access ◽  
Chennai City

In the contemporary picture there is conjoint consensus amongst all the policy makers from across the sphere that devoid of ICT and digital inclusion; the growth of an individual is stalled. Specially in developing economy like India, where poverty eradication and employment generation are foremost objectives; digital inclusion is a must. Considering factors like lack of infrastructure, primary education and availability affordable technologies and others, the strategic intervention and collaborative efforts by government and non-government organizations is indispensable. The diffusion of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) like computers and Internet provides great opportunities for the well-being of people in developing countries. Does this covenant hold on for defamed socioeconomic groupings? In examining the differences in gender we have used the notion of E-inclusionestimated by different attributes such as skills, user access to digital devices. In exploring the factors for digital inclusion we found tertiary education and the ability to use ICTs significant. The study follows Descriptive research design. The sample consisted of people located in Chennai city. The researcher adopted structured questionnaire to collect the responses from the respondents. The main objective of the study was to understand and analyze the access to digital devices and skills required. Suitable hypotheses were framed and tested to support the study findings. The responses were analyzed using both expository statistics and inferential statistics. The outcomes additionally guide the dispute that the argument of digital inclusion needs to be examined in terms of the exclusive information needs of several socioeconomic groupings and in unique social contexts. Though the challenges that are hindering the effective digital inclusion of individuals and organizations will continue to change and accordingly government should work in the direction of building resilient, better partnerships, operating collected, to support people and organizations benefit from the internet and ICT.

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