scholarly journals Leech Infestation in the Vulvar Region: Causes of Vaginal Bleeding in a Six years old Child

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
Theodomir Sebazungu ◽  
Pascaline Kiota Kabungo ◽  
Emmanuel Manirakiza ◽  
Blaise Dushimiyimana
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The Body ◽  
Topical Anesthetic ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Bed Capacity ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Internal Body

Background: Leeches are hermaphroditic rare blood-sucking human endoparasitesof phylum Annelida and class Hirudinea. Leech infestation is a zoonotic disease acquired by drinking contaminated water, swimming in ponds and streams .1Epidemiology of leech bites in literature is limited and the majority of existing data are case reports from the tropics or subtropics.2–4 Leech bites can occur on various orifices of the body including internal body cavities and orifices, such as the uterus, rectum, urinary bladder, vulva, nasal cavity, peritoneal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, oesophagus, trachea, bronchi and the vagina.5 Different chemicals for leech removal have been utilized and include anesthetics drugs like lidocaine and topical anesthetic spray. Salt, saline, vinegar, alcohol, and heat are also viable options. Of these, saltwater has been shown to be effective in causing the leech to relax and release.Vaginal bleeding resulting from leech bite is rare, but when it occurs, it may be of severe morbidity.2–4 In the present case report that happened at Kabaya district hospital, a six year old child with vaginal bleeding that turned out to be caused by vaginal leech infestation is presented. Kabaya district hospital is a rural hospital with 144-bed capacity and serves 188,902 inhabitants and is geographically difficult to access due to the lack of reliable roads and bridges, especially in the rainy season.

Linezolid Induced Skin Reactions in a Multi Drug Resistant Infective Endocarditis Patient: A Rare Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha K. Rajan ◽  
Ananth Kashyap ◽  
Manik Chhabra ◽  
Muhammed Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Rationale: Linezolid (LNZ) induced Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions (CADRs) have rare atypical presentation. Till date, there are very few published case reports on LNZ induced CADRs among the multidrug-resistant patients suffering from Infective Endocarditis (MDR IE). Here, we present a rare case report of LNZ induced CARs in a MDR IE patient. Case report: A 24-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with chief complaints of fever (101°C) associated with rigors, chills, and shortness of breath (grade IV) for the past 4 days. She was diagnosed with MDR IE, having a prior history of rheumatic heart disease. She was prescribed LNZ 600mg IV BD for MDR IE, against Staphylococcus coagulase-negative. The patient experienced flares of cutaneous reactions with multiple hyper-pigmented maculopapular lesions all over the body after one week of LNZ therapy. Upon causality assessment, she was found to be suffering from LNZ induced CADRs. LNZ dose was tapered gradually and discontinued. The patient was prescribed corticosteroids along with other supportive care. Her reactions completely subsided and infection got controlled following 1 month of therapy. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should be vigilant for rare CADRs, while monitoring the patients on LNZ therapy especially in MDR patients as they are exposed to multiple drugs. Moreover, strengthened spontaneous reporting is required for better quantification.

Visualization of Invasion into the Body and Internal Diffusion of Nanoparticles

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 569-572
Author(s):  
Fumio Watari ◽  
Shigeaki Abe ◽  
I.D. Rosca ◽  
Atsuro Yokoyama ◽  
Motohiro Uo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Diffusion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Level ◽  
Organ Level ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Internal Body

Nanoparticles may invade directly into the internal body through the respiratory or digestive system and diffuse inside body. The behavior of nanoparticles in the internal body is also essential to comprehend for the realization of DDS. Thus it is necessary to reveal the internal dynamics for the proper treatments and biomedical applications of nanoparticles. In the present study the plural methods with different principles such as X-ray scanning analytical microscope (XSAM), MRI and Fluorescent microscopy were applied to enable the observation of the internal diffusion of micro/nanoparticles in the (1) whole body level, (2) inner organ level and (3) tissue and intracellular level. Chemical analysis was also done by ICP-AES for organs and compared with the results of XSAM mapping.

CASE SERIES: INSTANT EFFECT OF MARMA THERAPY IN THE PAIN MANAGEMENT WSR: TO SHOULDER PAIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (11) ◽  
pp. 5174-5178
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Gupta ◽  
Shalini Gupta ◽  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Ashok Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shoulder Joints ◽  
Shoulder Movement ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Traumatic Effect ◽  
Stimulation Of

Science of Marma known as Marma Vigyanam is a dynamic part, specially described in Sushrut samhita and other Ayurvedic classics. According to Sushrut Mamsa, Sira, Snayu, Asthi, and Sandhi, these five elements collectively present at Marma point. This is the peculiarity of Marma.1 Marmas are the vital points on the body having importance regarding surgical procedure and traumatic effect. It is also known as Ayurvedic Accupressure. In this paper, three similar cases of pain and stiffness in shoulder joints are presented, who has attended OPD of District Hospital Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal. In during the clinical examination partially restriction of shoulder movement is also recorded. The case was initially treated with Marma therapy mainly the stimulation of bilateral Bahu Marma along withAmsa Marma for instant pain management. After the treatment of about ten minutes the patient got relief in pain and stiffness and felt lightness in surrounding area of painful place. Amsa Marma manipulation can be used to give instant relief from Shoulder pain effectively.

scholarly journals Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a Bangladeshi Adult: A Case Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
Abdur Rahim ◽  
Md Moniruzzan ◽  
Rashedul Hassan ◽  
Monira Sarmin ◽  
Md Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nasal Bridge ◽  
Cutaneous Tuberculosis ◽  
Exposed Part ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is rare in Bangladesh although very few case reports are seen since last few years. But Visceral Leishmaniasis (kala azar) and PKDL are common in this region. In country like ours where tuberculosis and leprosy are more prevalent Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is very likely to be mistreated as Cutaneous tuberculosis especially lupus vulgaris or leprosy. Cases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) are usually imported to Bangladesh from other endemic countries. A patient from an endemic area of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, a non-healing nodulo-ulcerative lesion on exposed part of the body, dermal infiltration with lymphocytes, histiocytes and plasma cells and demonstration of intracellular parasites in lesional skin establish the diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. We present a case of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a Bangladeshi adult working in Saudi Arabia for more than 15 years. He presented with multiple ulcerative lesions on nasal bridge, right ear lobule and dorsum of right ring finger. The patient’s clinical history, morphology of the lesions and laboratory analysis were consistent with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, a rare entity for Bangladesh.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2014; 25 (2) : 78-80

Mutagenicity, Metabolism, and DNA Interactions of Urethane

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene E. Sotomayor ◽  
Thomas F.X. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Dna Interactions ◽  
Specific Locus ◽  
Vinyl Carbamate

Urethane, a known animal carcinogen, has been the subject of intensive research efforts spanning 40 years. Recent concerns have focused on the presence of urethane in a variety of fermented foods and alcoholic beverages, although no epidemiological studies or human case reports have been published. Much information is available about the mutagenesis, metabolism, and DNA interactions of urethane in experimental systems. Urethane is generally not mutagenic in bacteria although in some instances it acts as a weak mutagen. Urethane is not mutagenic in Neurospora but is weakly mutagenic in Saccharomyces. Drosophila appear to be the only organisms that consistently give positive mutagenic results with urethane, but its mutagenicity is weak and in many cases shows no clear dose dependence. Urethane is a good clastogen in mammalian somatic cells in vivo, but it shows variable results with cells in vitro. It efficiently induces sister chromatid exchanges in a variety of cells. Mammalian spermatogenic cells are insensitive to the induction of specific locus and dominant lethal mutations by urethane. Mutational synergism has been reported to occur between ethyl methanesulfonate and urethane when administered two generations apart, and some investigators have suggested possible synergism for cancer-causing mutations in mice exposed to X-rays and urethane one generation apart. These studies are controversial and have not been confirmed. Studies on the induction of cancer-causing dominant mutations by urethane are at variance with results from extensive studies with the specific locus test in mice. Urethane studies with the unscheduled DNA synthesis assay in mouse spermatogenic cells and with the sperm abnormality test have given negative results. Urethane is rapidly and evenly distributed in the body. The rate of elimination of urethane from plasma is a saturable process and varies according to the strain and age of the animal. Recent studies have concentrated on the effect of ethanol on urethane metabolism. At concentrations similar to those in wine, ethanol inhibits the tissue distribution of urethane in mice. These results are important because they suggest a lower carcinogenic/mutagenic risk than expected from exposure to urethane in alcoholic beverages. Although research on the metabolic activation of urethane has been extensive, no conclusive results have been obtained about its active metabolite, at one time thought to be N-hydroxyurethane. More recently, it has been postulated that urethane is actived to vinyl carbamate and that this metabolite is capable of reacting with DNA. Vinyl carbamate is more carcinogenic and more mutagenic than the parental compound, but despite intensive efforts it has not been identified as a metabolite in animals treated with urethane. Urethane binding to DNA appears to correlate well with tissue susceptibility to cancer. Various studies have attempted to elucidate the molecular nature of the bound molecule and the binding site. Some results have indicated the formation of a single DNA adduct, 7-(2-oxoethyl)guanine. This adduct may isomerize to O6,7-(1'-hydroxyethano)guanine, which might be more mutagenic than the 2-oxoethyl adduct; however, this possibility seems unlikely. Despite extensive research, urethane's metabolism and molecular mechanisms of mutation are still not clearly understood.

scholarly journals Amoxicillin Induced Steven Johnson’s Syndrome: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
R Mahendra Kumar ◽  
Sanatkumar Nyamagoud ◽  
Krishna Deshpande ◽  
Ankitha Kotian
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Oral Consumption ◽  
Life Threatening

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a very rare, potentially fatal skin reaction that is typically the result of reaction to the drug. In particular, SJS is characterized by extensive skin and mucous membrane lesions (i.e. mouth, nose, esophagus, anus, and genitalia), epidermis detachment, and acute skin blisters. In 95 % of case reports, drugs were found to be an important cause for the development of SJS. This story is a case of A 42 year old male hospitalized with rashes all over the body and fever, after oral consumption of Amoxicillin drug for sore throat. This case study discusses the possibility that serious hypersensitivity reactions with Amoxicillin can rarely occur and can be extremely harmful and life-threatening Menacing. Keywords: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Stevens Johnson Syndrome, Adverse drug reaction, Nikolsky’s sign

Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood, neurological comorbidities, intrafamilial variability: case-reports and literature review.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Pavone ◽  
Xena Giada Pappalardo ◽  
Naira Mustafa ◽  
Sung Yoon Cho ◽  
Dong Kyu Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Alternating Hemiplegia Of Childhood ◽  
Novel Variant

Abstract BACKGROUND Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood (AHC) is an uncommon and complex disorder characterized by age of onset before 18 months, recurrent hemiplegia of one or either sides of the body or quadriplegia. Neurological comorbidities observed in two couples of AHC affected children are here reported together with data drawn by literature review. Results of genetic analysis obtained in the probands are also discussed. Developmental delay, epilepsy, tonic or dystonic spells, nystagmus and autonomic manifestations are frequently reported. AHC is mainly caused by mutations in ATP1A3 gene, and to a lesser extent in ATP1A2 gene.CASE PRESENTATION Clinical and genetic findings of a couple of twins and a couple of siblings affected by AHC from two different Italian families were deeply examined. Intrafamilial clinical variability was shown in the present cases. A pathogenic variant rs606231437 in ATP1A3 gene was detected in twins. For the affected siblings of family 2, the genetic results showed that the older brother and the healthy father shared a novel variant of GRIN2A (c.3175T>A) gene, and two missense mutations in SCNIB (rs150721582) and KCNQ2 (rs771211103) genes. In the younger brother was found only the GRIN2A variant.CONCLUSIONS Developmental delay, epileptic seizures and motor dysfunction are features frequently associated to paroxysmal hemiplegic attacks. Hemiplegic episode is only a sign even if the most remarkable of several neurological comorbidities in AHC carriers. The comparison of molecular analysis among the four probands brings out how the genetic framework is not recurrent, but may result from an unexpected greater genetic heterogeneity.

Abstract 144: Lung Parenchymal Consolidation during typical Kawasaki Disease

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Past History ◽  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Barr Virus

Introduction: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of childhood throughout the body. We report a patient who complicated by severe pneumonia of lung parenchymal consolidation (LPC) during typical KD clinical course. Case reports: A 7-yr-old male who had a past history of KD at 3-yr-old, visited a general practitioner with fever, sore throat and neck pain. Three days later, after being treated with CTRX/TBPMPI, he was transferred to our hospital because of bilateral lymph nodes swelling and a generalized erythema and rash. On admission he was still febrile and had bilateral conjunctival injections, cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy and markedly reddened pharynx, without edema. We diagnosed him as KD and treated him with aspirin and IVIG at a dose of 2.0g/kg, but the condition worsened; he developed dyspnea and dry cough. Crackles were noted on rt-lung auscultation, along with rt-basal dullness to percussion of the thorax. Chest radiography and a subsequent computed tomography scan revealed disseminated patchy infiltrates and ground-glass alterations with massive pleural effusions on rt-lung, and enlarged axillary and mediastinal lymph nodes. Some kinds of microbiology (including Mycoplasma) and virology (Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19), from all sampled sites (pleural effusion, blood, pharyngeal swab and cerebrospinal fluid), were negative for pathogenic specimens. So we treated him as intractable KD with second-IVIG and m-PSL, which led to the quick resolution of fever and progressive amelioration of pneumonia. Echocardiography showed normal ventricular size and function without coronary artery lesion (CAL). Thereafter, he was finally afebrile. At the first follow-up visit, 1 month after discharge, he had fully recovered. Clinically, echocardiographically and radiographically, no residues were noted. Conclusion: Several manifestations of broncho-pulmonary involvement in KD have been described. But there are very few case of LPC. We should consider the possibility that LPC were secondary to pulmonary arteritis.

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