scholarly journals Sales, Value Added and Employment Impacts of the United States Sod Production Industry

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
John J. Haydu ◽  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
John L. Cisar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Business Taxes ◽  
United States Economy ◽  
Sod Production ◽  
Total Sales ◽  
Production Industry

Abstract A study using government secondary data in conjunction with primary data collected through a national survey was conducted to assess the importance of the sod production industry to the United States economy. Results indicate that the 2,124 sod farms contributed over $1.72B in gross output or sales impacts to the U.S. economy, $1.31B in value added, employed 13,454 people, and paid $28.6M in indirect business taxes. The top five producing states in terms of sales impacts include Florida ($344M), Texas ($183M), Alabama ($118M), Georgia ($116M) and Oklahoma ($84M), accounting for nearly 50% of total sales.

scholarly journals Economic Contributions of the Green Industry in the United States in 2007–08

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Marco A. Palma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Total Sales ◽  
The U.S

Economic contributions of the green industry in each state of the United States were estimated for 2007–08 using regional economic multipliers, together with information on horticulture product sales, employment, and payroll reported by the U.S. Economic Census and a nursery industry survey. Total sales revenues for all sectors were $176.11 billion, direct output was $117.40 billion, and total output impacts, including indirect and induced regional economic multiplier effects of nonlocal output, were $175.26 billion. The total value added impact was $107.16 billion, including employee compensation, proprietor (business owner) income, other property income, and indirect business taxes paid to state/local and federal governments. The industry had direct employment of 1.20 million full-time and part-time jobs and total employment impacts of 1.95 million jobs in the broader economy. The largest individual industry sectors in terms of employment and value added impacts were Landscaping services (1,075,343 jobs, $50.3 billion), Nursery and greenhouse production (436,462 jobs, $27.1 billion), and Building materials and garden equipment and supplies stores (190,839 jobs, $9.7 billion). The top 10 individual states in terms of employment contributions were California (257,885 jobs), Florida (188,437 jobs), Texas (82,113 jobs), North Carolina (81,113 jobs), Ohio (79,707 jobs), Pennsylvania (75,604 jobs), New Jersey (67,993 jobs), Illinois (67,382 jobs), Georgia (66,042 jobs), and Virginia (58,677 jobs). The total value added of the U.S. green industry represented 0.76% of U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2007, and up to 1.60% of GDP in individual states. On the basis of a similar previous study for 2002 (Hall et al., 2006), total sales of horticultural products and services in 2007–08 increased by 3.5%, and total output impacts increased by 29.2%, or an average annual rate of 5.8% in inflation-adjusted terms.

scholarly journals Religion, Constitution, and Human Rights: An Overview of Muslim Life and Religious Freedom in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Suci Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
United States Constitution ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Social

<p class="abstrak">The United States Constitution affirms that religious freedom is a fundamental human right regardless of religion. It is upheld by every citizen and the country. However, the political policies in a particular country are often considered to paralyze fundamental rights in religion, causing various problems in Muslim life at the social and political levels. This research aims to analyze the intersectional dynamic of religion, constitution, and Muslim human rights towards life and religious freedom in the United States. This qualitative research uses the lens of political approach. Primary data are taken from the United States Constitution and policies, and supported by secondary data from various books, scientific articles, and news. The results suggest that religious sentiment (Islam) is found in the political policies of the United States. Currently, unconstitutional and discriminative policies are gradually removed because it triggers the social and political chaos. The United States constitution strives towards a pluralist and multi-religious country rebuilding that is safe and peaceful for religion as guaranteed by the constitution. In fact, the public and political spaces have been occupied by many Muslims in an effort to resolve the problems of state and human rights, including the religious sentiment issues.</p>

scholarly journals Electoral Manipulation Informationally on Hoax Production in 2019 Presidential and Vice Presidential Election in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wildhan Khalyubi ◽  
Aditya Perdana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Election ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Election Commission

This research aims to explain the hoax phenomenon with the concept of electoral manipulation in the form of information on the holding of 2019 Presidential and Vice Presidential General Election. Hoax problems in elections are often found in several countries such as Venezuela, France, the United States, and Indonesia. This research is qualitative research by combining primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interview techniques with several institutions concerned about elections and hoaxes. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained through literature, news, and documentation which support this research. As Alberto Simpser’s view in this research expresses, electoral manipulation aims to increase the influence of groups of political actors on citizens as voters. Electoral manipulation was seen as a tool to win the upcoming elections and as a tool to influence people's behavior - elites, citizens, bureaucrats, organizations, politicians, and others - with excessive and blatant manipulation seeming logical. Therefore, this research found that by linking hoaxes as a form of informational electoral manipulation, it is found that hoaxes do not only attack political opponents. However, hoaxes as a part of electoral manipulation in the form of information have implications for efforts to delegitimize public trust in electoral organizers, especially the General Election Commission (KPU).

scholarly journals Pembelajaran dari Pelayanan Bandar Udara Terhadap Aktivitas General Aviation di Amerika Serikat

WARTA ARDHIA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Dedes Kusumawati
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
States Experience ◽  
Planning Development

Nowadays, general aviation activities have significant growth in aviation world. Addition, the highest airport category in United States is general aviation airport. The purpose of this research is to get understanding about airport services to support general aviation activities based on United States; experience in national airport planning to give recommendations for Indonesia in developing airports that compatible with general aviation activities. This research uses qualitative strategy through case study and comparative analysis for two cases the United States and Indonesia. Primary data from was collected through observation and interview with official representative of General Aviation Terminal (GAT) in Ngurah Rai Internasional Airport and manager of Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport. Secondary data came from documentation study. Based on the United States, experience, the recommendations are consideration for general aviation airport on national airport planning, development of basic criteria for general aviation airport, planning of function and activities for general aviation airport, and provision for general aviation airport facilities. Saat ini, kegiatan general aviation memiliki pertumbuhan yang signifikan di dunia penerbangan. Bahkan, kategori bandar udara terbanyak di Amerika Serikat adalah bandar udara general aviation. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman pelayanan bandar udara untuk mendukung aktivitas general aviation berdasarkan pengalaman Amerika Serikat dalam merencanakan skebandarudaraan nasional sehingga dapat memberikan rekomendasi kepada Indonesia dalam mengembangkan bandar udara yang sesuai untuk kegiatan general aviation. Penelitian ini menggunakan strategi kualitatif melalui studi kasus dan metode perbandingan untuk 2 kasus Amerika Serikat dan Indonesia. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara kepada pengelola General Aviation Terminal (GAT) di Bandar Udara Internasional Ngurah Rai dan pengelola Bandar Udara Internasional Halim Perdanakusuma. Data sekunder berasal dari studi dokumentasi. Berdasarkan pengalaman di Amerika Serikat, beberapa rekomendasi antara lain pertimbangan untuk bandar udara general aviation dalam perencanaan kebandarudaraan nasional, pengembangan kriteria bandar udara general aviation, perencanaan fungsi dan aktivitas untuk bandar udara general aviation, dan penyediaan fasilitas di bandar udara general aviation.

scholarly journals MARITIME SECURITY PERSPECTIVE IN THE CASE STUDY OF DEEPWATER HORIZON

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-140
Author(s):  
Verdinand Robertua ◽  
Angel Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
British Petroleum ◽  
Safety Standards

Maritime security still focuses on the territorial sovereignty of a country. Environmental disasters and transboundary humanitarian crimes that occur at sea are a challenge for International Relations academics to reformulate maritime security. British Petroleum (BP) is negligent in implementing safety standards in oil exploration and exploitation in the Gulf of Mexico, United States resulting in oil leakage on the Deepwater Horizon platform. This research uses the Deepwater Horizon case study in exploring the relevance of maritime security in the prevention and management of marine pollution disasters. Primary data sources were taken from observations of researchers in seminars related to the Deepwater Horizon and secondary data were obtained from journals, electronic news and official reports from the US Government. There are two findings obtained. First, contemporary maritime security is much more complex than traditional maritime security and second, contemporary maritime security involves an element of justice seeking as demonstrated by the United States Court's decision against BP regarding negligence in the Deepwater Horizon.   Keywords: Maritime Security, United States of America, Deepwater Horizon, British Petroleum

scholarly journals THE PARADOX BEHIND THE EXISTENCE OF GAY CONVERSION THERAPY AS DEPICTED IN GARRARD CONLEY’S MEMOIR BOY ERASED

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Sekar Yolanda Azza
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Conversion Therapy ◽  
Interesting Topic ◽  
Equal Recognition

The issues of minorities still become an interesting topic to be discussed since practically the laws sometimes cannot protect the rights of the minorities. Homosexuals are one of the minority groups in the United States struggling with homophobia. The existence of gay conversion therapy is a paradox in the multicultural country. This research is conducted to examine how the portrayal of homophobia in gay conversion therapy and how the paradox of multiculturalism depicted in Conley’s memoir entitled Boy Erased. The primary data of this research are the dialog and narration in the memoirpublished in 2016,which contains the irony behind the existence of gay conversion therapy. The secondary data are taken from articles and current news that relates to the issues. The post-nationalism approach, homophobia theory, and multiculturalism theory are used to analyze the data. The study found institutionalized homophobia at Love in Action (LIA) as the gay conversion therapy institution. The reasons behind the existence of gay conversion therapy are the paradox of toleration, lack of equal recognition, and the inability to provide positive accommodation for homosexuals. The existence of gay conversion therapy proved that the struggles of homosexuals in the United States still need to be overcome.

scholarly journals Estimating the Economic Impact of the U.S. Golf Course Industry: Challenges and Solutions

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Haydu ◽  
Alan. W. Hodges ◽  
Charles R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
National Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Horticultural Products

Compared with more traditional sectors of U.S. agriculture, little economic information is available on the turfgrass industry, of which golf courses are an integral part. As a result, over the past 30 years individual states have conducted over 60 individual studies that describe in detail the economic importance of their industry. To date, no such information exists at the national level primarily due to the high cost of collecting primary data. To ameliorate this situation, the authors used secondary data from various sources and developed a composite of the turfgrass industry for the entire United States. This report focuses on the golf course industry in particular. Golf represents a very high value amenity use of horticultural products and services, is a major form of development, and uses large amounts of land and water. Results indicate the golf sector is the largest component of the turfgrass industry, accounting for a 44% share. The nearly 16,000 golf courses generated $33.2 billion (B) in (gross) output impacts, contributed $20.6 B in value added or net income, and generated 483,649 jobs nationwide. Economic impacts were also examined for each state, with “top 10” states highlighted. States falling in the top 10 category varied somewhat depending on the variables being examined. The exception were the top four states—Florida, California, Texas, and Illinois—that remained in the top four irrespective of variable type. In general, the top 10 states accounted for 55% to 60% of economic impacts for the entire United States while the top four alone contributed 40% of the total.

The Service Sector in the United States, 1839 to 1899

1967 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Weiss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Personal Services ◽  
Government Education ◽  
Quantitative Development

The dissertation is a study of the service industries in the United States during the period 1839 through 1899. The primary purpose of the study is to provide three series relating to the quantitative development of the sector. These series—value-added, gainful workers, and capital stock—provide benchmark estimates at decade intervals centered on census years. Series are presented for the aggregate sector; the major components, final and intermediate services; and eight industries. These eight industries, defined as the service sector, are trade, transportation and public utilities, finance and insurance, professional services, personal services, government, education, and the independent hand trades.

scholarly journals Comparison of Digital Copyright Protection on Over the Top (OTT) Streaming Content Media in Indonesia and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-212
Author(s):  
Agung Kurniawan Sihombing ◽  
Rika Ratna Permata ◽  
Tasya Safiranita Ramli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Copyright ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Digital Copyright Protection ◽  
Over The Top

In the rapid technological development, physical boundaries have begun to disappear. The internet has created a ‘free culture’. In addition, the era is challenging the copyright concept along with the emergence of ‘digital copyright’. It has become the main commodity of Over-the-Top services providing means of communication and entertainment through the internet. Content streaming service like Netflix uses films, as well as other cinematographic works, as its main commodities. OTT Streaming media helps to protect copyright holders' rights that previously have been violated by illegal streaming sites on the internet. Unfortunately, it also raises a new question: how digital copyright-objects can be protected in this kind of service. Without physical form, copyright object can be distributed easily on the internet, and it may lead to right violations. To answer this problem, the authors aim to describe the digital copyright protection on OTT Streaming Content Media in Indonesia and compare them to the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) of the United States of America using a descriptive-analytical approach. This study employed a normative juridical approach with secondary data. The results of this study indicate that digital copyright protection in Indonesia is still centered on conventional copyright objects, and a sui generis law is needed to provide better protection for digital copyright objects.

scholarly journals INTERVENSI KEBIJAKAN MONETER TERHADAP INVESTASI PORTOFOLIO: KASUS INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nanda Alfarina ◽  
Hasdi Aimon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Portfolio Investment ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effect Of Monetary Policy

This study aims to determine the effect of monetary policy measured by the central bank’s policy rate (X1) on portfolio investment (Y) in Indonesia and United States in the long run. The data used are secondary data seouced from SEKI BI, FRED The FEd, coinmarketcap.com, and investing.com, with the VECM (Vector Error Correction Mechanism) analysis methode. The study show The study shows the differences between the results that occur in Indonesia and the United States. The policy interest rate has a significant positive effect on portfolio investment in the long run in Indonesia, while in the United States the interest rate in the long run has a significant negative effect on portfolio investment. The difference in research results between the two countries shows the need for different treatment for monetary authorities in encouraging portfolio investment 

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