scholarly journals Dikegulac Sodium Concentration and Application Number Affects Branching of Blackgum and Southern Sugar Maple during Container Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
J. Raymond Kessler ◽  
L. Heath Hoffman ◽  
James C. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Species Concentration ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Production Conditions ◽  
Over Time

A study was conducted under nursery production conditions to evaluate multiple concentrations of dikegulac sodium (dikegulac) (0, 800, and 1,600 ppm) applied either once or twice as a foliar spray to blackgum grown at two locations in Alabama and to southern sugar maple grown at a single location. Mid-season and end-of-season shoot counts increased linearly in response to increasing dikegulac concentrations in both species and at both locations. Shoot counts also were greater when dikegulac was applied twice compared to a single application, except when 800 ppm dikegulac was applied to blackgum at one location. Both southern sugar maple and blackgum were visibly more branched and compact following treatments with dikegulac than nontreated control plants, although the branching response was much greater in blackgum. Effects of dikegulac application on plant height and caliper varied with species, concentration, application number, and time after application. Southern sugar maple exhibited temporary reddening of immature foliage that dissipated over time, while immature foliage of blackgum yellowed at one location and cupped and developed necrotic lesions at the second location. No phytotoxicity was evident 6 weeks after dikegulac application.

Response of seashore paspalum and bermudagrass to topramezone and triclopyr mixtures

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Clebson G. Gonçalves ◽  
Austin M. Brown ◽  
Suma Basak ◽  
J. Scott McElroy
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Application Programs ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Few options are available for controlling bermudagrass invasion of seashore paspalum. Bermudagrass and seashore paspalum tolerance to topramezone, triclopyr, or the combination of these two herbicides were evaluated in both greenhouse and field conditions. Field treatments included two sequential applications of topramezone (15.6 g ai ha−1) alone and five rates of topramezone + triclopyr (15.6 + 43.2, 15.6 + 86.3, 15.6 + 172.6, 15.6 + 345.2, or 15.6 g ai ha−1 + 690.4 g ae ha−1). Secondary greenhouse treatments included a single application of topramezone (20.8 g ha−1) or triclopyr (258.9 g ha−1) alone, or in combination at 20.8 + 258.9 or 20.8 + 517.8 g ha−1, respectively. Greenhouse and field results showed that topramezone applications in combination with triclopyr present opposite responses between bermudagrass and seashore paspalum. Topramezone increased bermudagrass injury and decreased seashore paspalum bleaching injury compared to topramezone alone. In field evaluations, topramezone + triclopyr at 15.6 + 690.4 g ha−1 used in sequential applications resulted in >90% injury to bermudagrass, however, injury decreased over time. Furthermore, sequential applications of topramezone + triclopyr at 15.6 + 690.4 g ha−1 resulted in >50% injury to seashore paspalum. Application programs including topramezone plus triclopyr should increase bermudagrass suppression and reduce seashore paspalum injury compared to topramezone alone. However, additional studies are needed because such practices will likely require manipulation of topramezone rate, application timing, application interval, and number of applications in order to maximize bermudagrass control and minimize seashore paspalum injury.

Early genetic differentiation of sugar maple by accelerating seedling growth

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Wood ◽  
James W. Hanover
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Lower Peninsula ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Outdoor Nursery ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Seed Characteristics

A method is described for accelerating growth of sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) seedlings for early progeny and provenance evaluation and plantation establishment. Outdoor nursery production methods produced relatively small seedlings, few seed-lot differences, and no provenance differences in seedlings 4 and 16 months of age. In contrast, accelerated seedlings exhibited pronounced seed-lot and provenance differences at both ages and had a 29 and 80% height superiority at 4 and 16 months, respectively. Provenance differences in height, budbreak, nodes, and growth flushes revealed by the accelerated treatment and supplemented by seed characteristics indicate existence of Upper and Lower Peninsula races in Michigan. Accelerated growth techniques may have considerable potential for reducing the time required for genotypic evaluation of sugar maple and possibly other tree species, but results must be substantiated by subsequent field observations.

scholarly journals Nano Zinc-Oxide Enhanced Photosynthetic Apparatus and Photosystem Efficiency of Maize (Zea Mays L.) in Sandy-Acidic Soils

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiqar Ahmad ◽  
Jaya Nepal ◽  
Xiaoping Xin ◽  
Zhenli He
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Application Methods

Abstract Conventional Zinc (Zn) fertilization (e.g., zinc sulfate) often leads to poor availability in soils. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) can be a potential solution, but their effect on crop photosynthetic activity isn’t well documented. The effects of nano ZnO (50, 100, 150, 200 mg L-1) and application methods (seed-coating, soil-drench, and foliar-spray) in comparison with ZnSO4 recommended dose were evaluated for plant height, biomass, chlorophyll pigments and photosystem efficiency in a greenhouse pot experiment. 100 mg L-1 of nano ZnO significantly increased the chlorophyll (Chl.) a, b, a+b, carotenoids (x+c), a+b/x+c, SPAD, leaf Chl., total chlorophyll content plant-1, plant height and total biological yield (by 18-30%, 33-67%, 22-38%, 14-21%, 14-27%, 12-19%, 12-23% 58-99%, 6-11% and 16-20%, respectively) and reduced Chl. a/b (by 6-22%) over the other treatments (p<0.01) irrespective of application methods. Nano ZnO applied at 100 mg L-1 significantly increased photochemical quenching (qP) and efficiency of photosystem II (EPSII) compared to 150 and 200 mg L-1 regardless of application methods. The positive correlations between Chl. a and Chl. b (r2 0.90), Chl. a+b and x+c (r2=0.71), SPAD and Chl. a (r2=0.90), SPAD and Chl. b (r2=0.94) and SPAD and Chl. a+b (r2=0.93) indicates a uniform enhancement in chlorophyll pigments; SPAD value, qP, EPSII, and growth and yield parameters. This elucidates that the application of nano ZnO at 100 mg L-1 promotes corn biochemical health and photosynthesis, irrespective of the application method. These findings have a great propounding for improving plant growth through nano ZnO bio-fortification in acidic Spodosols.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Pestisida Nabati Maja - Gadung dan Metabolit Sekunder Beauveria Bassiana Bals. Untuk Mengendalikan Hama Thrips Sp. Pada Tanaman Cabai Rawit

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Tarjoko Tarjoko ◽  
Mujiono Mujiono
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Pest attacks on chili plants are the main limiting factor in cultivation activities. The research  aims to determine the effect of single application of botanical pesticide maja-gadung (PMG), single application of secondary metabolite Beauveria bassiana BIO (BIO B10), combined application of PMG and BIO B10  on pest populations, predator populations and plant growth and production of  chili. The  reesearh used a factorial Completely Randomized Block Design (RAKL) with 3 replications, so there were 9 treatment combinations (0 ml/l PMG, 4 ml/l PMG, 8 ml/l BIO B10, 0 ml/l PMG, 2  ml/l BIO B10,  4 ml/l BIO B10, 4 ml PMG+2 ml/l BIO B10,  4 ml/ml PMG+4 ml BIO B10, 8 ml/l  PMG+2ml/l BIO B10, 8 ml/l PMG+4 ml/l BIO B10). The variables observed were Thrips sp population, predator population, plant height, number of leaves, and fruit weight per plant. The results showed that the single application treatment of PMG  with a concentration of 4 ml/l and 8 ml/l was able to suppress the population of Thrips sp. by 21.6% and 41.4% compared to the control. The single application treatment of BIO B10  with concentrations of 2 ml/l and 4 ml/l was able to suppress the population of Thrips sp. by 66.5% and 65.5% compared to the control. The best combination application is PMG  and BIO B10with a concentration of 8 ml/l + 4 ml/l which is able to suppress the population of Thrips sp. by 76.9% compared to the control. The application treatment of PMG andBIO B10 did not affect plant height, number of leaves, and fruit weight per plant.

scholarly journals Characterizing the oligogenic architecture of plant growth phenotypes informs genomic selection approaches in a common wheat population

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah DeWitt ◽  
Mohammed Guedira ◽  
Edwin Lauer ◽  
J. Paul Murphy ◽  
David Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Additive Genetic Variation ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Genetic variation in growth over the course of the season is a major source of grain yield variation in wheat, and for this reason variants controlling heading date and plant height are among the best-characterized in wheat genetics. While the major variants for these traits have been cloned, the importance of these variants in contributing to genetic variation for plant growth over time is not fully understood. Here we develop a biparental population segregating for major variants for both plant height and flowering time to characterize the genetic architecture of the traits and identify additional novel QTL. Results We find that additive genetic variation for both traits is almost entirely associated with major and moderate-effect QTL, including four novel heading date QTL and four novel plant height QTL. FT2 and Vrn-A3 are proposed as candidate genes underlying QTL on chromosomes 3A and 7A, while Rht8 is mapped to chromosome 2D. These mapped QTL also underlie genetic variation in a longitudinal analysis of plant growth over time. The oligogenic architecture of these traits is further demonstrated by the superior trait prediction accuracy of QTL-based prediction models compared to polygenic genomic selection models. Conclusions In a population constructed from two modern wheat cultivars adapted to the southeast U.S., almost all additive genetic variation in plant growth traits is associated with known major variants or novel moderate-effect QTL. Major transgressive segregation was observed in this population despite the similar plant height and heading date characters of the parental lines. This segregation is being driven primarily by a small number of mapped QTL, instead of by many small-effect, undetected QTL. As most breeding populations in the southeast U.S. segregate for known QTL for these traits, genetic variation in plant height and heading date in these populations likely emerges from similar combinations of major and moderate effect QTL. We can make more accurate and cost-effective prediction models by targeted genotyping of key SNPs.

Relationship between Soil Sodium Concentration and Plant Height inSalicornia virginicain the Ballona Wetlands in Los Angeles, California

BIOS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Molly Bogeberg ◽  
Stephanie Vivanco ◽  
Víctor D. Carmona-Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Sodium Concentration

HEIGHT CONTROL OF POT CHRYSANTHEMUMS WITH PRE- AND POST-PLANT TREATMENTS OF DAMINOZIDE AND UNICONAZOLE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER R. HICKLENTON
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Dendranthema Grandiflora ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Butanedioic Acid ◽  
Higher Doses

This study investigated the effects of growth retardants uniconazole [(E) - (p-chlorohenyl) -4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol] and daminozide (butanedioic acid mono 2,2-dimethylhydrazide) on three chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.) cultivars. Uniconazole applied as a soil drench (0.02 mg a.i. pot−1) or foliar spray (0.014 mg a.i. pot−1) 10 d after removal of the shoot tip reduced plant height at harvest in cultivars Deep Luv, Tip and Tara. Higher doses of uniconazole resulted in further plant height reduction in Tip and Tara but not in Deep Luv. Daminozide spray (14 mg a.i. pot) and uniconazole spray (0.028 or 0.056 mg a.i. pot−1) produced plants of similar height. Pre-plant dips of both growth retardants were less effective than sprays or drenches in controlling height. Flower area and flower dry weight were reduced with uniconazole drench and spray, and daminozide spray in each cultivar. Shoot dry weight was similarly affected in Tip and Tara but not in Deep Luv. Flowering was delayed in each cultivar by post-plant treatments of uniconazole drench and spray and by daminozide spray (0.08, 0.014 and 14 mg a.i. pot−1, respectively), and by daminozide and uniconazole pre-plant dips (5.0 mg L−1 and 4000 mg L−1, respectively).Key words: Sumagic, XE-1019, B-Nine, Alar, Chrysanthemum × morifolium, Dendanthema grandiflora

The Importance of Variables and Parameters in Radiolytic Chemical Kinetics Modeling

1988 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Piepho ◽  
P. J. Turner ◽  
P. W. Reimus
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Transient Species ◽  
Geologic Repository ◽  
Species Concentration ◽  
Waste Package ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTRadiolysis may significantly affect the long-term performance of nuclear waste packages in a geologic repository. Radiolysis of available moisture and air in an unsaturated or saturated environment will create transient species that can significantly change the pH and/or Eh of the available moisture. These changes can influence rates of containment corrosion, waste form dissolution, and radionuclide solubilities and transport.Many of the pertinent radiochemical reactions are not completely understood, and most of the associated rate constants are poorly characterized. To help identify the important radiochemical reactions, rate constants, species, and environmental conditions, an importance theory code, SWATS (Sensitivity With Adjoint Theory-Sparse version)-LOOPCHEM, has been developed for the radiolytic chemical kinetics model in the radiolysis code LOOPCHEM. The LOOPCHEM code calculates the concentrations of various species in a radiolytic field over time. The SWATS-LOOPCHEM code efficiently calculates: 1) the importance (relative to a defined response of interest) of each species concentration over time, 2) the sensitivity of each parameter of interest, and 3) the importance of each equation in the radiolysis model. The calculated results will be used to guide future experimental and modeling work for determining the importance of radiolysis on waste package performance. A demonstration (the importance of selected concentrations and the sensitivities of selected parameters) of the SWATS-LOOPCHEM code is provided for illustrative purposes, and no attempt is made at this time to interpret the results for waste package performance assessment purposes.

The Common Application and Student Choice

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 460-464
Author(s):  
Brian Knight ◽  
Nathan Schiff
Keyword(s):  
Student Choice ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
First Choice ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Application ◽  
Over Time

We study the effects of the Common Application (CA) platform, which allows students to submit a single application to multiple institutions, on student choice. Using individual-level data from freshman surveys over the period 1982-2014, we develop two proxies for student choice, one based upon the number of applications submitted and another based upon students attending non-first-choice institutions. Using these proxies, we first document sharp increases in student choice over time. Linking these outcomes to the timing of CA membership, we provide evidence of a link between CA entry and increased student choice.

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