Rooting Response of Stem Cuttings of Shantung Maple (Acer truncatum) to Time of Year, Cutting Position, and Auxin Concentration, Formulation, and Solvent

The influence of time of year, cutting position, and auxin concentration, formulation, and solvent on rooting of stem cuttings of shantung maple (Acer truncatum Bunge) was investigated in seven experiments. Softwood, semi-hardwood, second-flush softwood, and hardwood stem-tip cuttings were compared. Semi-hardwood cuttings [15 cm (6 in) in length] rooted best (55%). Auxin treatments [indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or the potassium (K) salt of IBA (K-IBA)] ranged from 0 to 15,000 ppm (0 to 1.5%). Generally, rooting percentage decreased as auxin concentration increased. Cutting position (terminal or subterminal), auxin formulation (liquid or powder), and auxin solvent [water or ethanol:water (1:1 v/v)] did not affect percent rooting. Mean root number and mean root length were unaffected by all treatments. Results suggest shantung maple roots best from semi-hardwood cuttings treated with auxin at concentrations of 0 or 2,500 ppm (0.25%).

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Three Mussaenda Cultivars Propagated by Stem Cuttings Exhibit Variation in Rooting in Response to Hormone and Rooting Conditions

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.10.4.780 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 780-784

Author(s):

Rolston St. Hilaire ◽

Carlos A. Fierro Berwart

Keyword(s):

Butyric Acid ◽

Root Length ◽

Clonal Propagation ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Root Number ◽

Root Numbers ◽

Rooting Medium ◽

Rooting Of Cuttings

The effects of 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), cutting position on stock plants, the date of propagation, the type of rooting substrate and temperature on rooting of mussaenda (Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumach. & Thonn. `Ashanti Blood' and `Rosea', and Mussaenda philippica A. Rich `Aurorae') stem cuttings were determined. Cuttings of `Ashanti Blood' produced the largest number of roots when treated with 15 mmol (3000 ppm) IBA and rooted in perlite at 29 °C (84 °F). Cutting position on stock plants did not affect rooting in any of the three cultivars. Propagation date and temperature of the rooting medium affected root numbers in `Aurorae'. With `Rosea', only the type of rooting substrate affected root number. Rooting percentage was 22%, 48%, and 39% in `Ashanti Blood', `Aurorae', and `Rosea' respectively. After 30 days of propagation average root length was 4, 12, and 4 mm (0.2, 0.5, and 0.2 inch) in `Ashanti Blood', `Aurorae', and `Rosea' respectively. Growers must determine precise rooting conditions for each cultivar to obtain consistent rooting of cuttings. This process may not be economically feasible on a commercial basis because rooting percentages are relatively low. We conclude that other methods of clonal propagation need to be evaluated before uniform rooted stem cuttings of mussaenda can be produced economically.

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Rooting Ability of Hardwood Cuttings in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Using Different Indole-butyric Acid Concentrations

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13691-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 194-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haishan An ◽

Jiajia Meng ◽

Fangjie Xu ◽

Shuang Jiang ◽

Xiaoqing Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Butyric Acid ◽

Root Length ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Highbush Blueberry ◽

Root Number ◽

Indole Butyric Acid ◽

Rooting Ability ◽

Rooting Response ◽

Main Factor

Vegetative propagation by cuttings is a very popular method. However, blueberry propagation using cuttings is still a main factor limiting its expansion because its results can vary according to the blueberry cultivar and environmental factors. This study aimed to evaluate the rooting abilities of hardwood cuttings for six blueberry cultivars (O’Neal, Misty, Diana, Biloxi, Bluebeauty, and Coville) using three different exogenous indole-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations (1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm), and to determine if the cutting position (basal, central, apical) affects rooting performance. A control treatment (0 ppm IBA) was also performed. After 90 days of each treatment, rooting percentage, average root length, and average root number per cutting were assessed and used to calculate rooting index, which is a measure of rooting ability. The rooting percentages of hardwood cuttings differed largely among cultivars and were highest for ‘Bluebeauty’ (68.55%), followed by ‘Biloxi’ (68.01%). The rooting index values of these two cultivars (33.59 and 35.18, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the other four cultivars. The rooting response of blueberry hardwood cuttings to IBA concentrations was quadratic, and 1000 and 2000 ppm IBA were sufficient to express the maximum rooting percentage in most cultivars. The rooting abilities of basal, central, and apical cuttings were similar with treatments with high IBA concentrations. The effects of the cultivar, IBA concentration, and interaction between them on rooting percentage, average root length, and average root number were significant; however, the effects of the cutting position on the rooting percentage and average root length were not. This suggested that the rooting abilities of blueberry hardwood cuttings were significantly influenced by the cultivar and IBA concentration rather than by the cutting position.

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Cutting Type and IBA Treatment Duration Affect Teucrium fruticans Adventitious Root Quality

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4229611 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 478-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leo SABATINO ◽

Fabio D’ANNA ◽

Giovanni IAPICHINO

Keyword(s):

Acid Solution ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Root Development ◽

Root Length ◽

Treatment Duration ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Root Number ◽

Rooted Cuttings ◽

Root Quality

Root development of stem cuttings of Silver Germander (Teucrium fruticans) was investigated in relation to cutting type and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatment. Terminal cuttings of a clone grown in Sicily were trimmed to three types: terminal cuttings with apex (TWA), terminal cuttings without apex (TWOA) or sub-terminal cuttings (ST). To verify the cutting response to exogenous auxin, cuttings were dipped to a 2.0 cm depth in a 0.5% indole-3-butyric acid solution for 0, 5 or 7 minutes. Overall percent survival was 97 to 98%. Rooting percent, root number and root length were affected by cutting type and indole-3-butyric acid treatment. In general, TWA cuttings demonstrated a higher capacity to form roots than cuttings without apex (TWOA and ST cuttings). In absence of indole-3-butyric acid treatment, TWA and ST cuttings gave higher rooting percentages than TWOA cuttings. Exposing cuttings to indole-3-butyric acid improved percent rooting, number of roots per cutting and root length. The best results in terms of rooting percentage and root number per cuttings were obtained with TWA cuttings in combination with 7 min indole-3-butyric acid basal dip. However, cuttings taken farther down the stem, such as sub-terminal cuttings gave satisfactory rooting performance as well. We suggest that the use of all cutting types tested associated to indole-3-butyric acid basal dip for 5 or 7 min may be beneficial to propagators wishing to produce T. fruticans rooted cuttings with well-developed root system.

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Effects of Auxin Concentration and Medium Temperature on Four Woody Plant Taxa Propagated by Stem Cuttings using Recirculating Subirrigation in a Growth Chamber

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-21.3.126 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 126-130

Author(s):

James S. Owen ◽

William A. Johnson ◽

Brian K. Maynard

Keyword(s):

Root Formation ◽

Woody Plant ◽

Adventitious Root Formation ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Root Number ◽

Medium Temperature ◽

Root Numbers ◽

Auxin Treatment ◽

Auxin Concentration ◽

Propagation Medium

Abstract Four woody plant taxa (‘Sparkleberry’ holly, ‘Mariesii’ viburnum, ‘Shasta’ viburnum, and Red Sunset® maple) were propagated from softwood stem cuttings in a recirculating subirrigation propagation system to evaluate the effect on adventitious root formation of three auxin (Dip-n-Grow®) concentrations [0 (water), 20: 1, or 10: 1] and three medium temperatures [20C (68F), 23C (74F), or 26C (79F)]. All taxa showed a positive rooting response to auxin treatment. Compared to cuttings treated with water, root number of all taxa doubled when treated with the highest auxin concentration (10: 1 Dip-n-Grow® dilution). Length of the longest root of rooted cuttings increased with auxin treatment of two taxa. Medium temperature also affected rooting of all taxa. The intermediate temperature evaluated, 23C (74F), was optimal for all rooting parameters on cuttings of ‘Mariesii’ viburnum, and for root length and percentage rooting on cuttings of ‘Shasta’ viburnum and Red Sunset® maple. A propagation medium temperature of 26C (79F) resulted in the greatest root number on cuttings of ‘Shasta’ viburnum, while 20C (68F) was optimal for root number on cuttings of Red Sunset® maple. Root numbers on cuttings of ‘Mariesii’ viburnum were reduced at 20C (68F) and 26C (79F), which appeared to be sub-and supra-optimal temperatures, respectively, for root initiation. All rooting parameters on cuttings of ‘Sparkleberry’ holly increased with propagation medium temperature. Temperature-auxin interactions were apparent for root number and length on cuttings of ‘Mariesii’ and ‘Shasta’ viburnum. The recirculating subirrigation system was useful for evaluating the basal temperature and auxin dose interactions and was effective for rooting softwood stem cuttings without intermittent mist irrigation.

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Shading and IBA Treatment Do Not Improve Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Quercus phillyraeoides ‘Emerald Sentinel’

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-17.3.123 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 123-125

Author(s):

Jason J. Griffin ◽

Frank A. Blazich ◽

Thomas G. Ranney

Keyword(s):

Solar Irradiance ◽

Root Length ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Shoot Tip ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Root Number ◽

Indolebutyric Acid ◽

Rooted Cutting ◽

Quercus Phillyraeoides

Abstract Shoot tip cuttings of Quercus phillyraeoides A. Gray ‘Emerald Sentinel’ (‘Emerald Sentinel’ oak), in a transitional growth stage between softwood and semi-hardwood, were collected from containerized plants growing under uniform fertility on June 4, 1998. Cuttings were treated with talc formulations of indolebutyric acid (IBA), ranging from 0 to 8000 ppm (0.8%), and placed under intermittent mist with shade levels excluding 0%, 30%, 60% or 90% of full solar irradiance. After 14 weeks, percent rooting averaged 18% and was unaffected by either IBA concentration or shading regime. Similarly, both mean root number per rooted cutting and mean root length were unaffected by IBA concentration or shading. Roots per rooted cutting and mean root length averaged 2.6 and 41 mm (1.6 in), respectively. Results suggest that shading stem cuttings of ‘Emerald Sentinel’ during propagation does not affect rooting.

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Auxin, Wounding, and Propagation Medium Affect Rooting Response of Stem Cuttings of Arbutus andrachne

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.36.5.976 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 976-978 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mohammed M. Al-Salem ◽

Nabila S. Karam

Keyword(s):

Root Formation ◽

Adventitious Root Formation ◽

Chemical Form ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Acid Form ◽

Root Number ◽

Propagation Medium ◽

Salt Forms ◽

Rooting Response

Stem cuttings of Arbutus andrachne L. were taken from basal or terminal portions of branches in October and treated with acid or salt forms of IBA or NAA at several concentrations. Also, the effects of wounding and propagation medium were assessed. Auxin was necessary for root formation, IBA acid being most effective. In general, salt forms of IBA and NAA were less effective than acid forms. Concentration of auxin had a significant effect on rooting regardless of auxin type or chemical form. The greatest rooting percentage, root number, length, and fresh and dry weights were exhibited by basal cuttings treated with 24 mm IBA. Position of the cutting on the branch did not affect rooting except when the IBA acid form was used; basal cuttings were then superior to terminal ones. Wounding, by making two opposite longitudinal incisions at the base of the cutting, increased rooting. The propagation medium had a significant effect on adventitious root formation, which was enhanced with increasing perlite percentage in the medium up to 100%. Chemical names used:1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

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Production of Three Eastern U.S. Native Shrubs: Effects of Auxin Concentration on Rooting and Shade Level on Container Plant Growth

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech03652-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 375-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jessica D. Lubell ◽

Jacob A. Griffith Gardner

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Auxin Concentration ◽

Hue Angle ◽

Nursery Crops ◽

Native Shrubs ◽

Study Species ◽

Container Plant

American fly honeysuckle (Lonicera canadensis), hobblebush (Viburnum lantanoides), and sweetbells (Eubotrys racemosa) are eastern U.S. native shrubs with ornamental value, which might become successful nursery crops if they propagate readily from stem cuttings and grow uniformly in containers. We evaluated rooting success for hobblebush and sweetbells using stem cuttings treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in talc at concentrations of 0, 1000, 3000, or 8000 ppm. For hobblebush, IBA at 1000, 3000, or 8000 ppm will yield 70% rooting success. For sweetbells, IBA treatment did not enhance rooting, and 88% rooting success can be achieved with untreated cuttings. Stem cuttings of american fly honeysuckle root at 49% (previously published). We also evaluated all three native shrubs grown in nursery trade #1 containers under shade levels of 0%, 40%, or 70%. American fly honeysuckle grown under 40% or 70% shade were larger, had a greener hue angle, and higher chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) than plants grown in full sun. Throughout the study period, Fv/Fm values for full-sun american fly honeysuckle were 0.6 or below, indicating plants were stressed. Hobblebush in 40% and 70% shade were wider, had more leaves, and enhanced foliage color compared with full-sun plants. Hobblebush in 70% had the highest Fv/Fm values at 0.78 or higher across the study period. For sweetbells, plant width increased as shade level increased. Even though sweetbells in 70% shade were wider and larger, they lacked density and had a less appealing habit than 40% shade and full-sun plants. Of the three study species, sweetbells might be the easiest plant for growers to incorporate into production because it propagates readily from stem cuttings and can be grown in full sun to 40% shade. Hobblebush and american fly honeysuckle may present more challenges for growers because hobblebush requires considerable shade to grow and american fly honeysuckle is more difficult to propagate.

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Sodium Cellulose Glycolate as a Thickening Agent for Liquid Auxin Formulations can Enhance Rooting of Stem Cuttings

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-25.3.126 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 126-130

Author(s):

Eugene K. Blythe ◽

Jeff L. Sibley

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Extended Period ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Root Number ◽

Hedera Helix ◽

Rooted Cuttings ◽

Thickening Agent ◽

Auxin Concentration ◽

Ilex Vomitoria ◽

Hibiscus Syriacus

Abstract Stem cuttings of Abelia ‘Edward Goucher’, Buxus sinica var. insularis ‘Wintergreen’, Hedera helix, Hibiscus syriacus ‘Collie Mullens’, Ilex vomitoria ‘Nana’, Juniperus conferta ‘Blue Pacific’, and Rosa ‘Red Cascade’ received a basal quick-dip in solutions of Dip ‘N Grow at concentrations of 0 + 0, 50 + 25, 250 + 125, 500 + 250, 750 + 375, and 1000 + 500 ppm IBA + NAA prepared with and without 13.5 g/liter sodium cellulose glycolate (SCG) as a thickening agent. Cuttings of Ilex vomitoria ‘Nana’ exhibited increased rooting with increasing auxin concentration with inclusion of SCG. The other six taxa exhibited similar rooting percentages among all treatments, but exhibited an increase in root number and/or total root length with inclusion of SCG. Initial shoot growth on rooted cuttings of Abelia ‘Edward Goucher’ showed some reduction with increasing auxin concentration with inclusion of SCG, suggesting cuttings absorbed more auxin from solutions containing SCG owing to their extended period of exposure to the auxin. Otherwise, there were no negative responses to solutions containing SCG. The greater viscosity of solutions prepared with SCG can help reduce the possibility of spillage and evaporation of alcohol during use of the auxin solutions.

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Indole -3- Butyric Acid Induces Plant Regeneration From Stem Cuttings Of Three Medicinal Plants

Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.4314/njb.v37i1.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 109-121

Author(s):

C.U. Okafor ◽

E.U. Njoku ◽

F.C. Ike ◽

C.C. Onyekwuluje

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Root Number ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Root Numbers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Leaf Formation

Field regeneration of three (3) medicinal plants - Securidaca longepedunculata (violet tree), Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf) and Pterocarpus mildebraedii by means of rooting of stem cuttings at different lengths of 10 -15 cm and 15 -20 cm were studied. The effect of the plant hormone Indole-3-Butyric acid (IBA) at 5g/l was tested on rooting, bud sprout and leaf formation of the rooted stem cuttings of the plant species as well as the effect of the length of the stem cuttings on their growth and survival rates. The results of the study revealed that stem cuttings of O. gratissimum treated with IBA and the control treatment sprouted within 5 - 8 days. The treated O. gratissimum stem cuttings produced a slightly higher number of buds (2.58 ± 0.86) when compared to the control (2.00 ± 0.89) with no significant difference at P ≤ 0.05. Stem cuttings of the treated P. mildbraedii cuttings sprouted within 8 -10 days with 1.40 ± 0.37 number of buds, with the control showing no sprouts. Consequently, IBA application produced more leaves (13.00 ± 5.58) and roots (1.33 ± 0.01) than the control. However, O. gratissimum stem cuttings had the highest leaf (13.08 ± 4.47) and root numbers (135.00 ± 13.45) followed by the control with values- 13.00 ± 5.58 for leaf development and 61.66 ± 2.34 for root number respectively. Irrespective of the treatments, none of the stem cuttings of S. longepedunculata sprouted. This study showed that exogenous application of IBA to stem cuttings of the tested plants, except S. Longepedunculata, improved the root number, number of leaves and number of buds. Keywords: Stem cuttings, Indole-3-Butyric acid (IBA), Rooting

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Propagation of Iranian Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) by Rooted Stem Cuttings

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb629295 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 192-195

Author(s):

Hamid HASSANPOUR ◽

Mohamad ALI SHIRI

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Quadratic Function ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Root Number ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Cornelian Cherry ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Cornus Mas ◽

Nursery Production

Clonal propagation of Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) from cuttings will permit nursery production of cloned Cornelian cherry and encourage selection of superior genotypes. The effects of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations, five genotypes and two types of media on root performance of Cornelian cherry cuttings were investigated. The percentage of rooted cuttings, mean root length, average root number per cutting, root fresh weight and root dry weight were recorded after three months. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test the effects of the auxin treatments. Regression analysis for determination of appropriate equation was performed. The IBA treatment increased the rooting percentage in genotype C1, C3 and C4 but did not affect that of genotype C2 and C5. The maximum rooting percentage, mean root length, average root number per cutting, root fresh weight and root dry weight was obtained for C3 genotype and in sand media. No statistically significant correlation was observed between callusing and other measured parameters but the rest of parameters correlate statistically with rooting. According to the regression results, it was clear that the pattern of quadratic function was better than other models for rooting. The highest rooting percentage was obtained from C3 genotype. Therefore, clonal production of this genotype is practical.

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