The impact of global uncertainty and risks on the global tourism index

Law student mental health and wellbeing was already a growing concern in the UK prior to COVID-19, but when the pandemic occurred, widespread uncertainty placed an unprecedented level of mental health burden on students. Law students were faced with dashed hopes, uncertain futures and the fear of negative academic consequences. This burden was exacerbated in respect of postgraduate international students in London, who were often also forced to decide whether to return home to their families, or to continue their studies abroad, albeit online. This paper uses a case study approach to discuss how one provider of postgraduate clinical legal education (CLE), approached the promotion of positive student mental health both before, and in response to, the pandemic. qLegal at Queen Mary, University of London provides CLE to postgraduates studying for a one year law masters, and in 2019-2020, qLegal delivered CLE to 134 students from 27 countries. The impact that the pandemic had on the mental health of international postgraduate law students was therefore witnessed first-hand. This paper discusses the challenges faced, and concerns raised by international postgraduate law students at qLegal as a result of the pandemic. It examines the steps taken by qLegal to maximise student engagement and promote positive student mental health when rapidly switching to a model of online delivery. The paper concludes by outlining the steps qLegal will take to monitor and address the impact that online delivery in this period of global uncertainty has on the mental health of the next cohort of postgraduate CLE students.

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THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MARKET CAPITAL ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TOURIST INDUSTRY: EXPERIENCE OF THE EU AND OTHER COUNTRIES

Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu ◽

10.21272/1817-9215.2021.1-13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

pp. 111-121

Author(s):

M. Troian ◽

V. Shkola ◽

M. Domashenko ◽

T. Makarenko

Keyword(s):

Swot Analysis ◽

Strong Support ◽

World Order ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Government Support ◽

The World ◽

Global Tourism ◽

Tourism Enterprises ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the tourism industry faced a crisis that could be the worst in history. In recent years, the tourism industry has been one of the fastest-growing industries, sometimes faster than the world economy as a whole. 2019 has brought unprecedented changes to the world order, affecting all socio-ecological and economic ties. What are the consequences of and will have global tourism in connection with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, which countries and regions of the world will suffer the greatest losses, what threatens and what are the benefits of the tourism crisis that will bring a "new order" to the tourism industry, what innovative management anti-crisis measures should be applied by world governments and non-governmental organizations to overcome the unprecedented tourism crisis - all these issues remain acute and have identified the research topic. The paper examines the methodological developments and recommendations for overcoming the tourism crisis in Europe caused by the pandemic virus COVID-19, namely, the article identifies the basics and consequences of the pandemic impact on market capital on the example of tourism in Europe and the world, shows that the global tourism industry is one of the main factors in the formation of market capital, studied market capital as a component of intellectual capital on the example of tourism in the EU, outlined the prospects for global tourism, developed a system of measures to overcome the global crisis through tourism SWOT-analysis. Namely: enhanced multilateral cooperation and strong support are important for the resumption of tourism; the speed of adaptation of governments at all levels and the private sector involved in the tourism sector and the ability to respond quickly and adapt to the crisis; providing targeted and affordable government support as quickly and efficiently as possible for vulnerable tourism enterprises, workers and tourists; ensuring policy clarity and taking measures to limit uncertainty; invention and development of more sustainable and sustainable (socio-ecological-economic) models of tourism; development of tourism education and legislation.

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Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis for natural risk and adaptation appraisal modeling with CLIMADA

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-1773 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chahan M. Kropf ◽

Alessio Ciullo ◽

Simona Meiler ◽

Laura Otth ◽

Jamie W. McCaughey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Green Infrastructure ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Damage Model ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Natural Risk ◽

Impact Function ◽

Uncertainty And Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Global Uncertainty ◽

The Impact

Modelling societal, ecological, and economic costs of natural hazards in the context of climate change is subject to both strong aleatoric and ethical uncertainty. Dealing with these is challenging on several levels &#8211; from the identification and the quantification of the sources of uncertainty to their proper inclusion in the modelling, and the communication of these in a tangible way to both experts and non-experts. One particularly useful approach is global uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, which can help to quantify the confidence in the output values and identify the main drivers of the uncertainty while considering potential correlations in the model. Here we present applications of global uncertainty analysis, robustness quantification, and sensitivity analysis in natural hazard modelling using the new uncertainty module of the CLIMADA (CLIMate ADAptation) platform.CLIMADA is a fully open-source Python program that implements a probabilistic multi-hazard global natural catastrophe damage model, which also calculates averted damage (benefit) thanks to adaptation measures of any kind (from grey to green infrastructure, behavioral, etc.). With the new uncertainty module, one can directly and comprehensively inspect the uncertainty and sensitivity to input variables of various output metrics, such as the spatial distribution of risk exceedance probabilities, or the benefit-cost ratios of different adaptation measures. This global approach does reveal interesting parameter interplays and might provide valuable input for decision-makers. For instance, a study of the geospatial distribution of sensitivity indices for tropical cyclones damage indicated that the main driver of uncertainty in dense regions (e.g. cities) is the impact function (vulnerability), whereas in sparse regions it is the exposure (asset) layer.&#160;CLIMADA: https://github.com/CLIMADA-project/climada_python&#160;(1) Aznar-Siguan, G. et al., GEOSCI MODEL DEV. 12, 7 (2019) 3085&#8211;97 (2) Bresch, D. N. and Aznar-Siguan., G., &#160;GEOSCI MODEL DEV. (2020), 1&#8211;20.

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An Economic IslamicityIndex (EI2)

Global Economy Journal ◽

10.2202/1524-5861.1680 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 1850207 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Scheherazade S. Rehman ◽

Hossein Askari

Keyword(s):

Social Behavior ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Political Development ◽

Islamic Countries ◽

Islamic Economic ◽

Global Uncertainty ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Given the post-9/11 climate of global uncertainty, suspicion, hostility, and fear, interest in the relationship between religion and economics, politics, and social behavior has been rekindled. In particular, there has been considerable attention afforded to the impact of religion on economic, social, and political development and vice versa. However, before the impact of religion on economic performance or the impact of economic performance on religion can be examined, one should first ascertain the religiosity of a country. In this case, “how Islamic are Islamic countries?” or “what is their degree of ‘Islamicity?’” In this paper, we assess, on a very preliminary basis, the adherence of Islamic countries to Islamic economic teachings and develop an Economic IslamicityIndex (EI2) to assess the extent that self-declared Islamic countries adhere to Islamic doctrines and teachings. We do this by measuring 208 countries’ adherence to Islamic Economic principles using as proxies 113 measurable variables.

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The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism: A Case Study of Lumbini, Nepal

The Gaze Journal of Tourism and Hospitality ◽

10.3126/gaze.v12i1.35675 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 23-43

Author(s):

Bhim Bahadur Kunwar

Keyword(s):

Tourism Industry ◽

World Health ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

The World ◽

Global Tourism ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Impact

This research aims to discover and present the impacts of COVID-19 in tourism in the context of Lumbini and its premises. As COVID-19 spread globally, it has created many challenges in health and security, daily lives, the national economy, and the global tourism industry. The COVID-19 outbreak has been considered as the most challenging tragedy that occurred in the world after the 2nd world war. The World Health Organization (WHO) had listed Nepal also as a country with a high-risk zone of COVID-19.The travel restriction and nationwide lock-down implemented by many countries including Nepal have resulted in a stranded traveler’s movement. As the consequences ticket reservation, flight services, transportation, hotel, and restaurants were closed and several job losses were registered in the tourism sector. The negative effects like fear, threat, frustration, and losing the confidence of tourism entrepreneurs appeared. This has brought changes in the tourists’ behavior and their motivation to travel for the next few years. In Lumbini businesses like lodges, hotels, restaurants, and travel offices were also severely affected by the pandemic. Thus, the tourism sector has been facing serious threats due to the prolonged lockdown and closing of tourism activities than the terror of COVID-19 itself.

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Three decades of post-Soviet period: analyses of outbound tourism development patterns and environment in Latvia

Humanities and Social Sciences Latvia ◽

10.22364/hssl.29.1.02 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 29-54

Author(s):

Ilze Medne ◽

◽

Kristīne Bērziņa

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

External Environment ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Soviet Period ◽

Sociocultural Factors ◽

Development Patterns ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Global Tourism ◽

The Impact ◽

Main Factor

After regaining independence, the borders were opened for Latvian residents, and they had the possibility to leave behind the travel or non-travel principles of the Soviet Union period, as well as go into the global tourism market. Post-Soviet transformation that was seen in different sectors, including the change in tourism and travel habits, which happened slowly. Since every decade of these three post-Soviet decades has its own development characteristics and is impacted by different external environment elements, the aim of this study is to analyse the tendencies of each decade and its most impactful external environment factors in Latvia. Even though the impact of the economic environment has always been meaningful in tourism, the main factor that impacted the first post-Soviet decade was without doubt the political environment. With the start of the 21st century and the improvement of the economic situation, world’s technological achievements enter Latvia’s tourism industry. Different sociocultural factors highlight different outbound tourism tendencies in each decade. Travel habits of Latvian residents have changed over time – values and expectations have changed for travelling abroad. As expectations and knowledge increase, Latvian travellers join the tendencies and travel habits of the collective European travellers.

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Egypt’s perceived destination image and its impact on tourist’s future behavioural intentions

International Journal of Tourism Cities ◽

10.1108/ijtc-12-2018-0105 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 449-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hany Ragab ◽

Abeer A. Mahrous ◽

Ahmed Ghoneim

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Destination Image ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Content Type ◽

Tourist Satisfaction ◽

Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽

Global Tourism ◽

Destination Management Organizations ◽

The Impact

Purpose There is a substantial body of the literature on the role of destination image in tourist’s future behavior, however, the majority of these studies were conducted in “Sun-and-Sand” destinations, and only a few studies have addressed this research topic in “Historical-and-Cultural” destinations context. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by investigating the impact of Egypt’s perceived destination image – as one of the most famous cultural and historical destinations in the global tourism arena – and tourist satisfaction on tourists’ future behavioral intentions. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a mixed methodology (a combination of survey questionnaire based on a quota sample from 400 tourists, as well as semi-structured interviews with tourists from different nationalities). Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings The results related to the impact of the perceived destination image are discussed. Also, some practical implications related to destination management organizations are highlighted. Originality/value The study contributes theoretically and empirically to destination image literature, by improving the understanding of the multi-dimensional nature of destination image and its impact on revisit intention and word-of-mouth recommendation. Also, it helps in guiding Egypt’s destination image management activities to rebuild Egypt’s image as a safe destination for all the world’s travelers.

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Post-COVID-19 crisis travel behaviour: towards mitigating the effects of perceived risk

Journal of Tourism Futures ◽

10.1108/jtf-04-2020-0063 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Tafadzwa Matiza

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Travel Behaviour ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Potential Influence ◽

Content Type ◽

Global Tourism ◽

Tourist Behaviour ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the on-going COVID-19 pandemic and its potential influence on tourist behaviour in the short- to medium-term. While the influence of the pandemic on tourist’s perceived risk and its impact on their future travel behaviour is understandably yet to be established, the present paper discusses the potential nexus. Additionally, this paper provides tourism practitioners with some recommendations for mitigating the effect of potential heightened perceived risk on travel and tourism decision-making post the COVID-19 crisis. Design/methodology/approach The present paper synthesises contemporary academic literature on perceived risk and post-crisis tourism with emerging information associated with the unfolding COVID-19 crisis. Findings This paper draws empirical evidence from studies related to previous health crises and their impact on tourism, as well as tourist behaviour. By discussing previous studies within the context of the on-going COVID-19, it is possible to anticipate the influence that perceived risk associated with the pandemic may have on the post-crisis behaviour of tourists. Also, short-term measures to mitigate the effects of risk on tourism are posited to guide practitioners in the future recovery of the sector. Research limitations/implications The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented and on-going crisis for the global tourism industry. Hence, the present paper serves as a primer to a broader discussion within the tourism discourse and provides theoretical direction for future tourism research. Practical implications Key to the recovery of the global tourism industry will be encouraging both domestic and international tourism activity. However, while the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on tourist behaviour is yet to be substantiated, previous research predicts a situation of heightened perceived risk and the potential cognitive dissonance that may negatively influence tourist decision-making. To mitigate this potential effect, governance, augmented immigration policy, destination media profiling, recovery marketing and domestic tourism will be critical interventions. Originality/value This paper is one of the first to discuss the potential influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the post-crisis decision-making process of tourists and their conative behaviour. As a primer to further empirical research, this paper sets a pertinent research agenda for academic inquiry within an evolving and increasingly uncertain global tourism market.

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Scale Development and Validation

Tourism Analysis ◽

10.3727/108354221x16187814403155 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Swati Gupta ◽

Arun Aggarwal ◽

Sanjay Gupta ◽

Anchal

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

World Health ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Global Tourism ◽

Health Organization ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Term Performance ◽

The Impact

The current paper takes a tourism-focused perspective to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the attitude of the tourist to travel. For this, the present paper conceptualize, develop, and validate the multi-dimensional scale on preventive measures of COVID-19. Further, we have developed a new model named Financial Crisis from Contagious Disease (FCCD)-stimulator to assess the impact of the virus on the short term performance of the global tourism industry. The study was exploratory, where initial items were generated through the qualitative method. The purification of the scale items and extraction of the distinct factors were performed through a quantitative approach (exploratory factor analysis). Further, the confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the scale. The findings of the study manifested a multi-dimensional scale measuring the preventive measures of COVID-19 in the tourism context. The research renders a 25 item scale with four distinct factors named Isolation (7-items), Quarantine (7-items), Social Distancing (6-items), and Community Containment (5-items). The present scale will add to the literature of COVID-19 in the context of the tourism industry. The authors assume that this will be the first comprehensive scale, prepared on the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO), that will measure the effect of preventive measures of COVID-19 on the attitude of the tourist to travel during a pandemic situation.

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Promoting Positive Mental Health in International Postgraduate Law Students at a Time of Global Uncertainty: A Case Study from qLegal at Queen Mary, University of London

International Journal of Clinical Legal Education ◽

10.19164/ijcle.v27i4.1056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 107-134

Author(s):

Emily Wapples

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Law Students ◽

Online Delivery ◽

Student Mental Health ◽

Study Approach ◽

The Uk ◽

Academic Consequences ◽

Global Uncertainty ◽

The Impact

Law student mental health and wellbeing was already a growing concern in the UK prior to COVID-19, but when the pandemic occurred, widespread uncertainty placed an unprecedented level of mental health burden on students. Law students were faced with dashed hopes, uncertain futures and the fear of negative academic consequences. This burden was exacerbated in respect of postgraduate international students in London, who were often also forced to decide whether to return home to their families, or to continue their studies abroad, albeit online.This paper uses a case study approach to discuss how one provider of postgraduate clinical legal education (CLE), approached the promotion of positive student mental health both before, and in response to, the pandemic. qLegal at Queen Mary, University of London provides CLE to postgraduates studying for a one year law masters, and in 2019-2020, qLegal delivered CLE to 134 students from 27 countries. The impact that the pandemic had on the mental health of international postgraduate law students was therefore witnessed first-hand.This paper discusses the challenges faced, and concerns raised by international postgraduate law students at qLegal as a result of the pandemic. It examines the steps taken by qLegal to maximise student engagement and promote positive student mental health when rapidly switching to a model of online delivery. The paper concludes by outlining the steps qLegal will take to monitor and address the impact that online delivery in this period of global uncertainty has on the mental health of the next cohort of postgraduate CLE students.

Download Full-text