scholarly journals Trade policy options for export diversification: The case of Mali, Chad, Niger, and Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Nihal Pitigala ◽  
Jose Lopez-Calix
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Common External Tariff ◽  
Internal Markets ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
International Prices ◽  
The Many ◽  
Reallocation Of Resources

The landlocked and fragile countries’ ability to create a sustainable path to economic growth and poverty reduction is inextricably linked to their export diversification potential, itself related to their connectivity within themselves, in the region, and other external markets. Mali, Chad, and Niger are first challenged by their geography—their landlocked nature with their vast and thinly populated space serves to isolate the most vulnerable communities from external and internal markets. Adding to these geographic disadvantages non-landlocked is incentive environment—defined by high and variable customs common external tariff regimes resulting from multiple overlapping regional trade arrangements—places a wedge between domestic and international prices, provides a disincentive to exports in favor of non-tradable and domestic-oriented sectors. By bringing greater coherence and convergence between the many common external tariff regimes in operation and the rationalization of their structures, and improving connectivity within and between markets, Mali, Chad, Niger, and Guinea can better promote the reallocation of resources toward tradable goods and services, putting the countries on a path toward greater economic inclusion and sustainable growth.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Impact of Agricultural Fiscal Expenditures and Gross Agricultural Output on Poverty Reduction: A VAR Model Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5766
Author(s):  
Guanglu Zeng ◽  
Chenggang Zhang ◽  
Sanxi Li ◽  
Hailin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Fiscal Spending

China was the first developing country to achieve the poverty eradication target of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 10 years ahead of schedule. Its past approach has been, mainly, to allocate more fiscal spending to rural areas, while strengthening accountability for poverty alleviation. However, some literature suggests that poor rural areas still lack the endogenous dynamics for sustainable growth. Using a vector autoregression (VAR) model, based on data from 1990 to 2019, we find that fiscal spending plays a much more significant role in reducing the poverty ratio than agricultural development. When poverty alleviation is treated as an administrative task, each poor village must complete the spending of top-down poverty alleviation funds within a time frame that is usually shorter than that required for successful specialty agriculture. As a result, the greater the pressure of poverty eradication and the more funds allocated, the more poverty alleviation projects become an anchor for accountability, and the more local governments’ consideration of industry cycles and input–output analysis give way to formalism, homogeneity, and even complicity. We suggest using the leverage of fiscal funds to direct more resources to productive uses, thus guiding future rural revitalization in a more sustainable direction.

scholarly journals Corporate sustainability and social responsibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Zeynegul Samaibekova ◽  
Gulzhamal Choyubekova ◽  
Kerezkan Isabaeva ◽  
Asel Samaibekova
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Central System ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Many ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

Our paper focuses on the links between corporate sustainability and social responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerged as a tool for linking the priorities of business companies (making money and achieving profit) with the priorities of citizens and society. Bringing together the many different parts of a complex CSR programme into a single central system is crucial. Moreover, we discuss the role of corporate structures in the development of social organisations and their impact on society, as well as on corporate social responsibility and the impact of the social entrepreneurship model on the economy. It appears that companies can bring important benefits to society if they are responsible for the quality of the goods and services they produce and develop new goods or services that generate economic growth. The long-term benefits for investors therefore allow companies to invest in product innovation, thereby delivering highquality products that improve people’s standard of living. Business companies thus meet the needs of society and offer important benefits to society in the form of new jobs and economic opportunities for those in society who depend on the company’s good services. While companies seek new economic opportunities and regain public confidence, the creation of shared values and the pursuit of financial success is becoming increasingly important for companies in a way to support sustainable development and fighting global warming and climate change.

Role of Social Media and E-Commerce for Business Entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
pp. 01-18
Author(s):  
Aritra Brahma ◽  
Rajasi Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Global Platform ◽  
Digital Channels ◽  
Day By Day

This paper is an attempt to study the role of social media and e-commerce for business entrepreneurship in modern times. Social media and e-commerce play significant role for development of business enterprises and also for its marketing and sustainable growth. Internet access is most popular in recent days intensifying the use of mobile phones, computers, and laptops leading to a high change in the growth of digital channels both in strength and volume. Social media and internet play an ever-growing role in the lives of consumers. Now consumers are spending more time on social media and internet surfing. Thus the visibility of any product is more available through social media or internet than traditional marketing techniques. Online marketing is flourishing due to social media, people nowadays spend their time on social media and that is great for marketing, there are millions of monthly active users for various sites in social media. Day by day growth of online marketing in the global platform is an evident that the business entrepreneurship is taking place with a high speed. E-commerce website is providing all the goods and services through online portals online today. The increasing number of ecommerce websites.

SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOCIAL CONTRACT IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Khurshida Saydivalieva ◽  
◽  
Abror Alimov
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Time Poverty ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Made In

A strong social policy is the basis for a prosperous lifestyle of the population of thecountry. One of the urgent issues that are in the focus of attention of the world's countries is the problem of poverty and unemployment. In particular, today, in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, this issue is becoming increasingly relevant. The introduction of quarantine measures to preserve the health of the population in the face of the pandemic paved the way for a further escalationof unemployment, which led to a sharp increase in poverty rates,atthe same time, poverty is one of the factors that negatively affect the sustainable growth of the country's economy. The poor are not only unable to benefit from economic development, butalso to contribute to the development of society. The article analyzes the mechanisms of poverty reduction in the world community, and the efforts made in Uzbekistan, the importance of the social contract as a mechanism of social assistance and the need for its implementation in practice, the experience of foreign countries in the application of the social contract.

An Overview

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, D.B.A.
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Executive Information Systems ◽  
Birkbeck College ◽  
Business World ◽  
Business Information Systems ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
Internet Presence ◽  
British Telecom ◽  
The Many

During the past two decades, the business world has witnessed a technological revolution known today as electronic commerce or ecommerce. This revolution has allowed businesses all over the world to conduct business in ways that were unimaginable two decades ago. Through the use of e-commerce technologies, businesses can share and disseminate information electronically and conduct business online so consumers, regardless of their locations, can obtain goods and services from the businesses. Because of the many opportunities e-commerce technologies offer in today’s competitive marketplace, it is essential for organizations to have e-commerce presence and effectively utilize the Internet to expand their businesses. With this Internet presence, ensuring security of their data and sales experiences is of paramount importance. Through the use of effective e-commerce security tools, business can increase their sales,Guy Fitzgerald is professor of information systems at Brunel University and is head of the Department of Information Systems and Computing. Prior to this he was the cable and wireless professor of business information systems at Birkbeck College, University of London, and before that he was at Templeton College, Oxford University. As well as being an academic, he has also worked in the computer industry with companies such as British Telecom, Mitsubishi, and CACI Inc., International. His research concerns the effective management and development of information systems and he has published widely in these areas. He is probably best known for his work in relation to development techniques and methodologies and is the author of a major text in this area entitled Information Systems Development: Methodologies, Techniques and Tools, now in its fourth edition. He is also well known for his research in the areas of strategy, outsourcing, and executive information systems. His most recent research is concerned with the development of flexible information systems to enhance organizational agility. He is founder and co-editor of the Information Systems Journal (ISJ), an international journal from Blackwell Publishing, and he has been a member of many international Program Committees, including the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS) and the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS).

Effects of Ocean Acidification on Sediment Fauna

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Widdicombe ◽  
John I. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediments ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Marine Realm ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Function

The vast majority of the seafloor is covered not in rocky or biogenic reefs but in unconsolidated sediments and, consequently, the majority of marine biodiversity consists of invertebrates either residing in (infauna) or on (epifauna) sediments (Snelgrove 1999). The biodiversity within these sediments is a result of complex interactions between the underlying environmental conditions (e.g. depth, temperature, organic supply, and granulometry) and the biological interactions operating between organisms (e.g. predation and competition). Not only are sediments important depositories of biodiversity but they are also critical components in many key ecosystem functions. Nowhere is this more apparent than in shallow coastal seas and oceans which, despite covering less than 10% of the earth’s surface, deliver up to 30% of marine production and 90% of marine fisheries (Gattuso et al. 1998). These areas are also the site for 80% of organic matter burial and 90% of sedimentary mineralization and nutrient–sediment biogeochemical processes. They also act as the sink for up to 90% of the suspended load in the world’s rivers and the many associated contaminants this material contains (Gattuso et al. 1998). Human beings depend heavily on the goods and services provided, for free, by the marine realm (Hassan et al. 2005 ) and it is no coincidence that nearly 70% of all humans live within 60 km of the sea or that 75% of all cities with more than 10 million inhabitants are in the coastal zone (Small and Nicholls 2003; McGranahan et al. 2007) Given these facts, it is clear that any broad-scale environmental impact that affects the diversity, structure, and function of sediment ecosystems could have a considerable impact on human health and well-being. It is therefore essential that the impacts of ocean acidification on sediment fauna, and the ecosystem functions they support, are adequately considered. This chapter will first describe the geochemical environment within which sediment organisms live. It will then explore the role that sediment organisms play as ecosystem engineers and how they alter the environment in which they live and the overall biodiversity of sediment communities.

scholarly journals Does Entrepreneurship Matter for Inclusive Growth? The Role of Social Progress Orientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Aparicio ◽  
David Audretsch ◽  
David Urbano
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Opportunity Entrepreneurship ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Three Stage Least Squares

AbstractBuilding upon institutional economics, we examine how social progress orientation (SPO) affects inclusive growth through innovative and opportunity entrepreneurship. Hypotheses about civic activism, voluntary spirit, and the inclusion of minorities as proxies of SPO that affect entrepreneurship directly and inclusive growth indirectly have been suggested. Using unbalanced panel data of 132 observations (63 countries) and the three-stage least-squares method (3SLS), we provide empirical evidence that these three measures of SPO significantly affect innovative and opportunity entrepreneurship. Interestingly, our endogenous measures of entrepreneurial activity have served to explain inclusive growth, which is observed through poverty reduction across countries. Public policies should focus on social values oriented to progress in order to stimulate valuable entrepreneurial activity and hence facilitate economic development that also embraces vulnerable communities.

Can development of water resources reduce poverty?

Water Policy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Rijsberman
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
International Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Water Resources Development ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Resources Development

The United Nations Millennium Declaration and resolutions at the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development give high priority to poverty reduction in international development agenda for the next decade and a half. It is now widely recognized that water resources development and management play a fundamental role in sustainable growth and poverty reduction. However, investments in water resources development, which were considered a high priority by governments and aid agencies for decades, have fallen drastically. The key question addressed in this paper is: Can water resources development reduce poverty? It examines the impacts of past investments on water resources development and management, (especially on irrigation), on poverty reduction. It is shown that past investments in irrigation development have made a significant contribution to alleviating poverty. In recent years investments made by private farmers in groundwater irrigation may have had a larger impact on livelihoods for poor people than the public investments in large-scale surface water irrigation systems. It is argued that there is not a single silver bullet to reduce poverty though water resources development or management. The best chance for lasting and sustainable impact on poverty is likely to be achieved through a combination of sustainable water resources development, combined with the development of appropriate pro-poor institutions and technologies.

"Green Trade Protectionism": An Analysis of Three New Issues that Affect Developing Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450016 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Victoria LOTTICI ◽  
Carlos GALPERÍN ◽  
Julia HOPPSTOCK
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Many ◽  
Change Response

The environment is increasingly being used to justify protectionist measures that enjoy greater social legitimacy. Over the last few years, new issues have emerged in relation to this, and three of them are analysed in this paper: green growth and green economy, climate change response measures, and the liberalization of environmental goods and services. These new issues are being used both to apply barriers to goods and services coming from developing countries and to improve the market access of developed countries' exports of industrial products. All this amounts to "green protectionism" which is aimed at improving the trade balance of developed countries, particularly in relation to developing countries. In the many fora where these topics are being discussed, Argentina states that these issues should neither result in green protectionism nor encourage policies that constitute disguised restrictions on international trade, which is inconsistent with the multilateral trading system and with international environmental law, and in particular with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities.

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