scholarly journals La persona como fundamento de los Derechos Humanos. Person as the Ground of Human Rights

Author(s):  
Roberto Casales García

El discurso contemporáneo sobre los derechos humanos demanda para sí una fundamentación capaz de dar sustento de sus propios principios. Esta fundamentación se gesta a partir de dos modelos explicativos: por un lado, tenemos las éticas del discurso o procedimentales, cuya propuesta se centra en el estudio de todas aquellas condiciones de posibilidad del consenso racional, y, por otro lado, las éticas cuya estructura admite una fundamentación ontológica. La intención principal de este artículo es, por tanto, analizar ambas posturas a fin de mostrar que las éticas procedimentales presuponen un marco referencial ontológico, en virtud del cual es posible acceder al consenso racional.Contemporary speech about human rights requires to itself a foundation able to sustain its own principles. This foundation is brewing from two explicative models: in one hand we have got discursive or procedural ethics, which proposal is founded in the study of all those conditions of possibility of rational consensus, and, on the other hand, ethics which structure admits an ontological foundation. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to analyze both postures to demonstrate that procedural ethics presuppose an ontological frame of reference whereby is possible to accede to rational consensus.

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldelio Pinheiro Do Nascimento Júnior

A mídia hegemônica relega ao segundo plano o diálogo com as ações afirmativas, minorias identitárias e direitos humanos. Por outro lado, a televisão pública desponta como ambiente propício para promover a valorização e o respeito à diversidade. Nos últimos anos, a TV Brasil produziu e veiculou programas voltados à temática, alguns dos quais são objetos de análise deste estudo, cujo intuito é analisar o papel da tevê pública na formação cidadã em direitos humanos.La televisión pública y los derechos humanos: Un anlisis de la programación de TV Brasil y su papel en la difusión y promoción del debate afirmativo en la Declaración Universal de Derechos Hu manosResumen: Los medios de comunicación relegan a un segundo plano el diálogo con la acción afirmativa, las minorías de identidad y los derechos humanos. Por otra parte, la televisión pública se está convirtiendo en el medio propicio para promover la apreciación y el respeto por la diversidad. En los últimos años, la TV Brasil produjo y transmitió programas destinados a tema, algunos de los cuales son objeto de análisis de este estudio, cuyo objetivo es analizar el papel de la televisión pública en la formación de la ciudadanía e los derechos humanos.Palabras clave: Derechos Humanos; Televisión Pública; Ciudadanía; Diversidad; Minorías.Public television and human rights: An analysis of the programming of TV Brazil and its acting in the dissemination and promotion of affirmative discussion on the Universal Declaration of Hu man RightsAbstract: The mainstream media relegates to the background the dialogue with affirmative action, identity minorities and human rights. On the other hand, public television is emerging as environment conducive to promoting the appreciation and respect for diversity. In recent years, the TV Brazil produced and aired programs aimed issue, some of which are objects of analysis of this study, which aims to analyze the acting of public TV in civic education on human rights.Keywords: Human Rights; Public Television; Citizenship; Diversity; Minorities.


Author(s):  
Daniel Gracia Pérez

Resumen: El presente trabajo parte de la hipótesis de que no es posible diseñar un régimen de protección internacional para las personas desplazadas por disrupciones medioambientales sin antes aclarar qué se entiende por “desplazado medioambiental” y cómo se ha llegado a tal entendimiento. Así, el artículo se estructura en dos partes. La primera de ellas pretende reconstruir el íter que ha configurado la figura del desplazado medioambiental en el pensamiento académico, tanto desde los estudios medioambientales como desde los migratorios. La segunda, por su parte, analiza la primera definición de desplazado ambiental, con vocación jurídica, que aparece en plano internacional y la influencia que en su redacción han tenido las corrientes anteriores. Abstract:  This paper is based on the hypothesis that it is not possible to design an international protection regime for people displaced by environmental disruptions without first clarifying what is meant by "environmental displaced" and how this understanding has been reached. Thus, the article is structured in two parts. The first of them aims to reconstruct how the concept of environmentally displacement has been shaped in academic thinking, both from environmental and migratory studies. The second one, on the other hand, analyzes the first definition of environmental displaced which appears, with a legal vocation, on the international scene and the influence that those previous streams have had on it.


Comunicar ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Moreno-García

This paper emphasizes the influence of TV programmes for children on their ethical values, taking some programmes of the Spanish television (TVE) as examples. Their contents usually fit values praised by the society and human rights. On the other hand, other programmes aimed at a different audience (such as series or advertisements) but also watched by children, don´t respect those principles and they even contradict them.Este texto hace hincapié en cómo desde los programas infantiles televisivos se puede moldear la concepción moral del público al que van dirigido, basándose en ejemplos concretos de TVE. Sus mensajes suelen ajustarse a valores compartidos por una amplia base de la sociedad y recogen el fundamento de los derechos humanos. Aunque este estudio se centra en este aspecto concreto, cabe resaltar como otros formatos televisivos no dirigidos al público infantil pero sí consumidos por los mismos (teleseries o publicidad), no sólo no respetan esta concepción sino que incluso la contradicen. Sirva como ejemplo que dentro de las franjas de publicidad dirigidas al público infantil, la publicidad no siempre respeta principios como el de la igualdad de género.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Antonio Blanc-Altemir

ABSTRACTThe current article analyses the always red-hot and actual issue on the universality of human rights. After conceptually framing the universality, this work, on the one hand, will focus on determining the different arguments used by its contestant, and then, it will proceed to idemtify the concept of human dignity as definitive grounds of the universality. On the other hand, it will be also examined the dialectic universality-regionalism, as well as the dialectic universality-relativism. To conclude determining the cornerstone of human rights as common denominator between universality and diversity.RESUMENEl presente artículo analiza la cuestión siempre candente y actual de la universalidad de los derechos humanos. Tras proceder a delimitar conceptualmente la universalidad, el trabajo se centra en determinar los diferentes argumentos utilizados por sus impugnadores, y en proceder a identificar el concepto de dignidad humana como fundamento último de la universalidad. Por otra parte se analiza igualmente la dialéctica universalidad-regionalización así como la dialéctica universalidad- relativismo para finalizar con la determinación del núcleo duro de los derechos humanos como denominador común entre universalidad y diversidad.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-135
Author(s):  
Alexandre Silva Guerreiro

O conceito de humanismo passou por transformações ao longo do tempo. Desde a Grécia Antiga até a contemporaneidade, formou-se um caleidoscópio humanista que abarca significados diversos e, até mesmo, antagônicos. Este artigo propõe uma investigação sobre o humanismo, tendo como objetivo a formulação do humanismo ético para, em seguida, conectá-lo aos direitos humanos. Para isso, considera-se a contribuição de Emmanuel Lévinas (1993, 2008) no que concerne à responsabilidade pelo Outro, bem como a formulação da ética como relacional de acordo com Olinto Pegoraro (2005). A partir disso, buscamos aproximar humanismo ético e direitos humanos. No entanto, é preciso entender os direitos humanos dentro de uma perspectiva polissêmica que também marca o humanismo, trazendo para essa relação a noção de direitos humanos contra-hegemônicos, conforme proposta por Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2014). Humanismo ético e direitos humanos encontram-se no desejo de transformação da realidade a partir da reflexão e da ação. Assim, concluímos que os direitos humanos, em sua translação contra-hegemônica, com sua pulsão pela positivação de direitos e pela valorização das diferenças e da diversidade, são atravessados por um humanismo ético que está profundamente conectado com o desejo de mudança social e de responsabilidade pelo Outro, numa perspectiva levinaseana.   Del humanismo ético a los derechos humanos El concepto de humanismo ha experimentado transformaciones a lo largo del tiempo. Desde la Antigua Grecia hasta la época contemporánea, se formó un caleidoscopio humanista que engloba significados diferentes o incluso antagónicos. Este estudio propone una investigación sobre el humanismo con el objetivo de formular el humanismo ético y luego conectarlo con los derechos humanos. Para eso, consideramos la contribución de Emmanuel Lévinas (1993, 2008) con respecto a la responsabilidad para con el Otro, así como la formulación de la ética como relacional según Olinto Pegoraro (2005). A partir de esto, buscamos aunar el humanismo ético y los derechos humanos. Sin embargo, es necesario entender los derechos humanos desde una perspectiva polisémica que también marca el humanismo, trayendo a esta relación la noción de derechos humanos contrahegemónicos, como propone Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2014). El humanismo ético y los derechos humanos se encuentran en el deseo de transformar la realidad a través de la reflexión y la acción. Así, concluimos que los derechos humanos, en su traducción contrahegemónica, con su afán por la positivación de los derechos y por valorar las diferencias y la diversidad, están atravesados por un humanismo ético que está profundamente conectado con el deseo de cambio social y con la responsabilidad por el Otro, en un perspectiva levinaseana. Palabras clave: Humanismo. Ética. Lévinas. Derechos humanos.   From ethical humanism to human rights The concept of humanism has undergone transformations over time. From ancient Greece to contemporary times, a humanistic kaleidoscope was formed that encompasses different and even antagonistic meanings. This article proposes an investigation on humanism, aiming at the formulation of ethical humanism and then connecting it with human rights. For this, we consider Emmanuel Lévinas contributions (1993, 2008) regarding responsibility for the Other, as well as the notion of ethics as relational according to Olinto Pegoraro (2005). Also, we seek to bring together ethical humanism and human rights. However, it is necessary to understand human rights within a polysemic perspective that also marks humanism, bringing to this relation the notion of counter-hegemonic human rights, as proposed by Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2014). Ethical humanism and human rights come together with the desire to transform reality through reflection and action. Thus, we conclude that human rights, in their counter-hegemonic translation with their drive for positivation of rights and differences and diversity valorization are crossed by an ethical humanism that is deeply connected with the desire for social change and responsibility for the Other, in a Levinasean perspective. Keywords: Humanism. Ethic. Lévinas. Human Rights.


2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4/2019) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
Darko Simović

The adoption of the Act on Prevention of Domestic Violence was driven by the creation of a more effective legal framework for the protection of victims of domestic violence, and, therefore, also by the alignment of the legal system of the Republic of Serbia with international obligations. The main novelties include multi-sectoral cooperation and primarily preventive nature of the law. However, from its very adoption, it has been pointed to its noticeably repressive character, as well as to provisions with potentially harmful impacts. Hence, this paper represents a contribution to the discussion on the importance and scope of the solutions provided for in the Act on Prevention of Domestic Violence. On the one hand, it points to major novelties intended to contribute to a more effective prevention of domestic violence. On the other hand, it questions the constitutionality and appropriateness of some of the legal solutions, arguing that, in particular respects, the lawmaker had to use a wiser and more subtle approach to conceptualising the provisions of this law.


Author(s):  
Konstantinos Margaritis

Freedom of religion has been constantly characterized as one of the foundations of a democratic society. On the other hand, the significance of physical education in the development of children's overall personality is beyond dispute. Thus, the question that arises is, What happens in a case of a conflict involving the above? The aim of this chapter is to provide an answer on the basis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. In particular, the fundamental cases of Dogru vs. France and Kervanci vs. France will be examined, as well as the recent case of Osmanoglu and Kocabas vs. Switzerland. Through the analysis of the cases, useful conclusions will be drawn on the possible impact of religious freedom on physical education.


2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Ferrari

The conflicts between rights of God and human rights are on the rise. On the one hand, there are some rights that are qualified as human rights in the most important international conventions and in many national constitutions. As such, they are to be respected always and everywhere. On the other hand, there are rights that are directly or indirectly attributed to the will of God. Their respect is regarded as a religious obligation to be upheld even when it implies the violation of human rights. These are the terms of the conflict and the fact that they sink their roots in non-negotiable beliefs – rights related to the very nature of man vs. rights dependent on the will of God–makes this conflict particularly serious and complex. This article discusses the structural and historical causes of this conflict and proposes a few strategies to reduce the tensions between these two sets of rights.


Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5529 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1049-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Yoshimura ◽  
Tatsuo Tabata

The mirror puzzle related to the perception of mirror images as left–right reversed can be more fully understood by considering an extended problem that includes also the perception of mirror images that are not left–right reversed. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the physical aspect of this extended problem logically and parsimoniously. Separate use of the intrinsic frame of reference that belongs to the object and one that belongs to its mirror image always leads to the perception of left–right reversal when the object has left–right asymmetry; on the other hand, the perception of left–right nonreversal is always due to the application of a common frame of reference to the object and its mirror image.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Simon Eibach

How should international criminal tribunals react if member states refuse to cooperate and if, therefore, those wanted by international arrest warrants remain in their exalted position in the eyes of the world? The majority of tribunals accept this situation and prefer to concentrate their resources on other proceedings. Some tribunals, on the other hand, choose a different path and allow proceedings in absentia. Based on a legal comparison of different national jurisdictions, this work uses an empirical approach to examine the extent to which international criminal tribunals have conducted such proceedings in the absence of the accused. On this basis, the work scrutinises the legality of such proceedings in accordance with human rights. Subsequently, criminal theories are used to determine the reason and the limitations of the general principle that the accused is supposed to be in court during his or her trial.


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