scholarly journals CONSTRUÇÃO DE PROJETOS LÚDICOS EM SAÚDE ATRAVÉS DA CAPACITAÇÃO DE EDUCADORES EM FRAMINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS, ESTADOS UNIDOS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Rebeca Simoes Brito ◽  
Beatriz Elizabeth Bagatin Veleda Bermudez ◽  
Edison Luiz Almeida Tizzot ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Siqueira ◽  
Camila Maciel Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pedagogical Tools ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
Belief Theory ◽  
Participatory Research Methods

Resumo: É essencial o desenvolvimento de atividades que tangenciem a promoção de padrões alimentares saudáveis e a prática regular de atividade física, tendo em vista o aumento da morbi-mortalidade relacionadas às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Sendo o ambiente escolar favorável para a inserção destas ações de larga escala, o programa “Little Hearts Changing Lives” (LHCL) foi idealizado para o público infantil. Este, além de empregar conceitos da Aprendizagem Criativa, também incorpora algumas das estratégias traçadas a partir de métodos participativos de pesquisa, e a utilização de instrumentos validados, que potencialmente sensibilizem o público-alvo durante workshops para educadores. Em fase de expansão nos Estados Unidos, este programa foi direcionado à população imigrante brasileira naquele país, através de Oficinas de Capacitação destinadas a educadores, em Framingham (Massachusetts, E U. A.) e região. Foram contemplados no total 18 educadores, em dois módulos com temáticas distintas, totalizando 10 horas/aula cada um. A prevenção de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares foi proposta através da metodologia descrita no manual LHCL. Observamos, por depoimentos, que a estratégia proposta pelo LHCL pode contribuir para o aumento do escopo de conhecimento destes profissionais, além de ofertar ferramentas didáticas e pedagógicas que possam facilitar o processo de aprendizagem pelo público infantil. Palavras-chave: Teoria de Crenças em Saúde; Educação; Capacitação de Professores; Nutrição     Construction of playful health projects through training of educators in Framingham, Massachusetts, United States Abstract: It is essential to develop activities that promote the promotion of healthy dietary patterns and the regular practice of physical activity, in order to increase morbidity and mortality related to chronic non-communicable diseases. Since the school environment was considered favorable for the inclusion of these large-scale actions, the "Little Hearts Changing Lives" (LHCL) program was idealized for children. Employing Creative Learning concepts additionally incorporates some of the strategies drawn from participatory research methods and the use of validated tools that potentially sensitize the target audience during workshops for educators. In the expansion phase in the United States, this program was then directed to the Brazilian immigrant population through Training Workshops for educators in Framingham and region. A total of 18 educators were considered, in two modules with distinct themes, totaling 10 hours each. The prevention of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases was proposed through the methodology described in the LHCL manual. We have observed that the strategy proposed by the LHCL can contribute to increasing the knowledge scope of these professionals, as well as offering didactic and pedagogical tools that can facilitate the process of learning by the children. Keywords: Health Belief Theory; Education; Teacher Training; Nutrition   Construcción de proyectos lúdicos en salud a través de la capacitación de educadores en Framingham, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos Resumen: Es esencial el desarrollo de actividades que conciencien la promoción de patrones de alimentos saludables y la práctica regular de actividad física con vistas al aumento de la morbi-mortalidad relacionadas con las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (DCNT). Siendo el ambiente escolar considerado favorable para la inserción de estas acciones a gran escala, el programa Little Hearts Changing Lives (LHCL) fue creado. Este, además de emplear conceptos del Aprendizaje Creativo también incorpora estrategias trazadas a partir de métodos participativos de investigación y la utilización de instrumentos validados que potencialmente sensibilicen al público objetivo. En fase de expansión en los Estados Unidos, este programa fue dirigido a la población inmigrante brasileña a través de Talleres de Capacitación destinados a educadores en Framingham y región. Se contemplaron en total 18 educadores, en dos módulos con temas distintos, totalizando 10 horas / clase cada uno. La prevención de factores de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares fue propuesta a través de la ludicidad y la utilización de piezas de teatro rimadas, a partir del paso a paso sugerido por el manual LHCL. En el presente trabajo se analizan los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de los resultados obtenidos. Palabras-clave: Teoría de Creencias en Salud; Educación; Capacitación de Profesores; Nutrición

Quality Control of Data in a Large-Scale Cancer Register Program

1966 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. Lourie ◽  
W. Haenszeland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
Independent Review ◽  
End Results

Quality control of data collected in the United States by the Cancer End Results Program utilizing punchcards prepared by participating registries in accordance with a Uniform Punchcard Code is discussed. Existing arrangements decentralize responsibility for editing and related data processing to the local registries with centralization of tabulating and statistical services in the End Results Section, National Cancer Institute. The most recent deck of punchcards represented over 600,000 cancer patients; approximately 50,000 newly diagnosed cases are added annually.Mechanical editing and inspection of punchcards and field audits are the principal tools for quality control. Mechanical editing of the punchcards includes testing for blank entries and detection of in-admissable or inconsistent codes. Highly improbable codes are subjected to special scrutiny. Field audits include the drawing of a 1-10 percent random sample of punchcards submitted by a registry; the charts are .then reabstracted and recoded by a NCI staff member and differences between the punchcard and the results of independent review are noted.

Utopias of One

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Kotin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
World War I ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Original Research ◽  
The Soviet Union

This book is a new account of utopian writing. It examines how eight writers—Henry David Thoreau, W. E. B. Du Bois, Osip and Nadezhda Mandel'shtam, Anna Akhmatova, Wallace Stevens, Ezra Pound, and J. H. Prynne—construct utopias of one within and against modernity's two large-scale attempts to harmonize individual and collective interests: liberalism and communism. The book begins in the United States between the buildup to the Civil War and the end of Jim Crow; continues in the Soviet Union between Stalinism and the late Soviet period; and concludes in England and the United States between World War I and the end of the Cold War. In this way it captures how writers from disparate geopolitical contexts resist state and normative power to construct perfect worlds—for themselves alone. The book contributes to debates about literature and politics, presenting innovative arguments about aesthetic difficulty, personal autonomy, and complicity and dissent. It models a new approach to transnational and comparative scholarship, combining original research in English and Russian to illuminate more than a century and a half of literary and political history.

Situational Breakdowns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nassauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

Ban Ki-moon, 2007–2016

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gowan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cautious Approach ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Council Decision ◽  
The Face

During Ban Ki-moon’s tenure, the Security Council was shaken by P5 divisions over Kosovo, Georgia, Libya, Syria, and Ukraine. Yet it also continued to mandate and sustain large-scale peacekeeping operations in Africa, placing major burdens on the UN Secretariat. The chapter will argue that Ban initially took a cautious approach to controversies with the Council, and earned a reputation for excessive passivity in the face of crisis and deference to the United States. The second half of the chapter suggests that Ban shifted to a more activist pressure as his tenure went on, pressing the Council to act in cases including Côte d’Ivoire, Libya, and Syria. The chapter will argue that Ban had only a marginal impact on Council decision-making, even though he made a creditable effort to speak truth to power over cases such as the Central African Republic (CAR), challenging Council members to live up to their responsibilities.

scholarly journals 1068. Large-Scale Migration and the Changing Viral Hepatitis Prevalences in North America: A modeling approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S563-S563
Author(s):  
Kenneth A Valles ◽  
Lewis R Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Treatment Programs

Abstract Background Infection by hepatitis B and C viruses causes inflammation of the liver and can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The WHO’s ambition to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030 requires strategies specific to the dynamic disease profiles each nation faces. Large-scale human movement from high-prevalence nations to the United States and Canada have altered the disease landscape, likely warranting adjustments to present elimination approaches. However, the nature and magnitude of the new disease burden remains unknown. This study aims to generate a modeled estimate of recent HBV and HCV prevalence changes to the United States and Canada due to migration. Methods Total migrant populations from 2010-2019 were obtained from United Nations Migrant Stock database. Country-of-origin HBV and HCV prevalences were obtained for the select 40 country-of-origin nations from the Polaris Observatory and systematic reviews. A standard pivot table was used to evaluate the disease contribution from and to each nation. Disease progression estimates were generated using the American Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines and outcome data. Results Between 2010 and 2019, 7,676,937 documented migrants arrived in US and Canada from the selected high-volume nations. Primary migrant source regions were East Asia and Latin America. Combined, an estimated 878,995 migrants were HBV positive, and 226,428 HCV positive. The majority of both migrants (6,477,506) and new viral hepatitis cases (HBV=840,315 and HCV=215,359) were found in the United States. The largest source of HBV cases stemmed from the Philippines, and HCV cases from El Salvador. Conclusion Massive human movement has significantly changed HBV and HCV disease burdens in both the US and Canada over the past decade and the long-term outcomes of cirrhosis and HCC are also expected to increase. These increases are likely to disproportionally impact individuals of the migrant and refugee communities and screening and treatment programs must be strategically adjusted in order to reduce morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenses. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Does School Climate Mean the Same Thing in the United States as in Mexico? A Focus on Measurement Invariance

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathan D. Shukla ◽  
Tracy E. Waasdorp ◽  
Sarah Lindstrom Johnson ◽  
Mercedes Gabriela Orozco Solis ◽  
Amanda J. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School Climate ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Students ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Partial Invariance ◽  
The U.S

School climate is an important construct for guiding violence prevention efforts in U.S. schools, but there has been less consideration of this concept in its neighboring country Mexico, which has a higher prevalence of violence. The U.S. Department of Education outlined a three-domain conceptualization of school climate (i.e., safe and supportive schools model) that includes engagement, safety, and the school environment. To examine the applicability of this school climate model in Mexico, the present study tested its measurement invariance across middle school students in the United States ( n = 15,099) and Mexico ( n = 2,211). Findings supported full invariance for engagement and modified-safety scales indicating that factor loadings and intercepts contributed almost equally to factor means, and scale scores were comparable across groups. Partial invariance was found for the environment scales. Results of a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) consisting of all 13 school climate scales indicated significantly positive associations among all scales in the U.S. sample and among most scales in the Mexico sample. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Are Americans less likely to reply to emails from Black people relative to White people?

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (52) ◽  
pp. e2110347118
Author(s):  
Ray Block ◽  
Charles Crabtree ◽  
John B. Holbein ◽  
J. Quin Monson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Black People ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
The United States ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
The Public ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Ethnic Subgroups

In this article, we present the results from a large-scale field experiment designed to measure racial discrimination among the American public. We conducted an audit study on the general public—sending correspondence to 250,000 citizens randomly drawn from public voter registration lists. Our within-subjects experimental design tested the public’s responsiveness to electronically delivered requests to volunteer their time to help with completing a simple task—taking a survey. We randomized whether the request came from either an ostensibly Black or an ostensibly White sender. We provide evidence that in electronic interactions, on average, the public is less likely to respond to emails from people they believe to be Black (rather than White). Our results give us a snapshot of a subtle form of racial bias that is systemic in the United States. What we term everyday or “paper cut” discrimination is exhibited by all racial/ethnic subgroups—outside of Black people themselves—and is present in all geographic regions in the United States. We benchmark paper cut discrimination among the public to estimates of discrimination among various groups of social elites. We show that discrimination among the public occurs more frequently than discrimination observed among elected officials and discrimination in higher education and the medical sector but simultaneously, less frequently than discrimination in housing and employment contexts. Our results provide a window into the discrimination that Black people in the United States face in day-to-day interactions with their fellow citizens.

Disaster Preparedness

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Quarantelli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Emergency Medical Service ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mass Casualties ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
Emergency Medical

The 1973 Emergency Medical Services System Act in the United States mandates that one of the 15 functions to be performed by every EMS system is coordinated disaster planning. Implicit in the legislation is the assumption that everyday emergency medical service (EMS) systems will be the basis for the provisions of EMS in extraordinary mass emergencies, or in the language of the act, during “mass casualties, natural disasters or national emergencies.” Policy interpretations of the Act specified that the EMS system must have links to local, regional and state disaster plans and must participate in biannual disaster plan exercises. Thus, the newly established EMS systems have been faced with both planning for, as well as providing services in large-scale disasters.

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