scholarly journals A Report on Vector Surveillance for Zika/Dengue at CCS International Airport, Lucknow, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (03) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Shaukat Kamal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Vector Density ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Very High

In view of reports of Zika outbreak from Gujarat & Rajasthan states, an entomological surveillance of Aedes aegypti vector was carried out at Adani Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) International Airport, Lucknow and its adjoining areas between 2016 to 2019. The regular monitoring of the vector and effective intervention measures prevented the invasion of new pathogen of Zika and Yellow fever pathogen (virus) by bringing down the Aedes aegypti vector density at lowest level. The entomological indices worked out in 2016 as the premise index in the month of February, June and August, were remained positive for Aedes aegypti and container index (CI) was found 14.14. The House Index (HI), Container Index (CI) & Breteau Index (BI) were 24.50, 17.51 & 25.27, respectively in residential colony of Air Port Staff located at a distance of 0.50 km, whereas, indices were found very high i.e. 37.50, 25.50 & 57.62, respectively in Farrukhabad/Chillawan civil inhabitation located at a distance of 2.0 Kilometre. With the dedicated efforts of Airport Authority of India and State Health Department, Aedes aegypti indices gradually declined to very low level as the premise were positive for Aedes aegypti larvae but container index inside & outside airport premise became 2.70 & 4.37 respectively in early half of 2019. The HI, CI & BI were found 2.57, 2.69 & 3.09 in the airport residential colony and 3.15, 2.57 & 2.77, respectively in civil inhabitation i.e. Farrukhabad/Chillawan area in early half of 2019. The collateral impact of low vector density resulted drastic decline in dengue morbidity by 83.73% & 74.74% and in mortality by 88.89% & 94.44%, during 2017 & 2018 respectively in comparison to 2016 and the case fatality rate (CFR) declined from 0.65% in 2016 to 0.14% in 2018. However no death was documented due to Chikungunya in Lucknow and the morbidity though was doubled in 2017 & declined again to the level of 2016, but remained very less in comparison to dengue, as only 44, 80 & 47 cases of Chikungunya were reported during 2016, 2017 & 2018, respectively. The Airport also achieved the dividend in the form of conferring the title of Best Airport of the year 2018 in size & region managing the cleanliness in increased thrust of passengers’ load to more than double in limited resources.

scholarly journals Semi Field Trial Competitive Power Married Made Sterile Aedes Albopictus as Method of Vector Control: A Current Vector Controlling Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rosyadi ◽  
Ahmad Sehabudin ◽  
Ariel Rifayat
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Current Vector ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Very High ◽  
A Current

Aedes albopictus is a plant that causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is not as prevalent as Aedes Aegypti is not a disease given by Aedes albopictus mosquito is not much different from Aedes Aegypti mosquito. The Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of Dengue Fever is very high in Indonesia, at 41.4% at the beginning of dengue cases in Indonesia. Innovation continues to create for disease vector control to break the chain of disease. The use of sterile insect techniques is a useful thing in the things that need to be socialized in the community.

scholarly journals Short Report: Adult Aedes abundance and risk of dengue transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009475
Author(s):  
Janet Ong ◽  
Joel Aik ◽  
Lee Ching Ng
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Dengue Case ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Dengue is transmitted mainly by the adult female Aedes aegypti mosquito. However, little is known about the impact of adult Aedes abundance on the risk of dengue transmission. Here we analysed nationally representative dengue case and vector surveillance data collected from Singapore, to determine the effect of adult Aedes abundance on the risk of dengue transmission. A case was an area with active dengue transmission as indicated by the presence of dengue cluster. A control was an area where no dengue cluster was reported. Using multivariate logistic regression, we analysed 88 cases and 602 controls and estimated the odds of dengue cluster formation at various adult Aedes abundance levels, estimated by the mean number of adult female Aedes per Gravitrap per week and categorised into Low, Moderate, High and Very High abundance level. We found that the risk of dengue cluster formation was positively associated with adult Ae. aegypti abundance. We observed a three to four-fold increase in the odds of dengue clusters forming in areas with High (AOR: 3.40, 95% CI: 2.09, 5.52) and Very High (AOR: 3.99, 95% CI: 2.46, 6.46) adult Aedes aegypti abundance level compared to those with low Ae. aegypti abundance level. Our study strengthens the evidence for the use of adult Aedes indices for dengue risk assessment and early warning for dengue outbreaks. Entomological indicators of adult Ae. aegypti could be used to anticipate and prioritize areas for dengue control.

Surveillance of Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes in and around International Airport, Kerala - Assessment of vector control efforts

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
R. Rajendran ◽  
K. Regu ◽  
S. B. Anusree ◽  
W. Tamizharasu ◽  
Anila Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
International Health ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
And Control

Vector-borne Diseases (VBDs) such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, zika virus and yellow fever are reported in over 100 countries and put up to 60% of the world’s population at risk of infection; more than 500 million cases are reported each year. The International Health Regulations (IHR) emphasizes to look after international seaports/airports and surrounding areas up to 400 meters free of Aedes aegypti mosquito and other vectors of epidemiological significance. Vector surveillance and control at Port of Entry (PoE) is an essential activity for the implementation of IHR. Hence Entomological surveillance was done inside and the residential areas around Cochin International Airport during 2013 to 2019. Aedes larval indices in both inside and residential areas outside the airport were found to be below the critical level in all these years. However the study showed no Aedes positivity inside the airport during 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2019. Effectiveness of vector control measures implemented in and around the airport is deliberated.

scholarly journals The first detected airline introductions of yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) to Europe, at Schiphol International airport, the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ibañez-Justicia ◽  
A. Gloria-Soria ◽  
W. den Hartog ◽  
M. Dik ◽  
F. Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
International Airport

scholarly journals Epidemiology of bacterial meningitis among children in Brazil, 1997-1998

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora PL Weiss ◽  
Paul Coplan ◽  
Harry Guess
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
Meningitis In Children

OBJECTIVE: To document the incidence and the descriptive epidemiology of bacterial meningitis among individuals under age 20 in a geographically defined region in Brazil during the two-year period immediately preceding the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines into the national immunization program of Brazil. METHODS: Population-based epidemiological study of all cases of bacterial meningitis reported among residents of Campinas, Brazil, under age 20 (n=316,570) during the period of 1997-98, using comprehensive surveillance records compiled by the Campinas Health Department from cases reported among hospital inpatients, outpatients, emergency room visits, death certificates, and autopsy reports. RESULTS: The incidence of bacterial meningitis (n=274) was 334.9, 115 and 43.5 cases/10(5) person-years (pys) for residents of Campinas under age 1, 5 and 20, respectively. All cases were hospitalized, with an average length of stay of 12 days. Documented prior antibiotic use was 4.0%. The case-fatality rate of bacterial meningitis in individuals under age 20 was 9% (24/274) with 75% of deaths occurring in children under the age of five. The incidence of Hib meningitis (n=26) was 62.8 and 17 cases/10(5) pys in children age <1 and <5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of Hib meningitis in children under the age of 5 in Campinas during 1997-98 was similar to that reported in the US, Western Europe, and Israel prior to widespread Hib vaccine use in those regions. This study provides a baseline for later studies to evaluate changes in the etiology and incidence of bacterial meningitis in children after introduction of routine Hib vaccination in Brazil.

scholarly journals Barriers and Facilitators to COVID-19 screening at Jaipur International Airport, India.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Mantri ◽  
Nitin Kumar Joshi ◽  
Pankaj Bhardwaj ◽  
Akhil Dhanesh Goel ◽  
Manoj Kumar Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Department ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Organization Behavior ◽  
Travel History ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background:Airports pose a possible threat in facilitating global disease transmission within the community which may be prevented by rigorous systematic entry-exit screening. With the aim to capture the perception of stakeholders associated with COVID-19 on barriers and facilitators of airport screening at Jaipur International Airport. Also, to assess key outcomes viz. total passengers screened, suspected cases, & confirmed cases.Methods:An inductive-deductive mix-method thematic analysis was conducted to capture qualitative data of key stakeholders. Additionally, quantitative data was obtained from the Rajasthan Medical & Health Department team deployed for COVID-19 airport screening.Results:Jaipur International Airport screened 4565 passengers (Males=4073 and Females=492) with 23 suspected cases during an outlined period of declaration of Pandemic to Lockdown in India (11th to 24th March 2020). Total 65 passengers had travel history from China (3 from Wuhan). The mean average age of passengers was 40.95 ± 7.8 years. The average screening time per passenger was 2-3 minutes with a load of 25-90 passengers per team per flight. Fishbone analysis of screening challenges revealed poor cooperation of passengers, masking symptoms, apprehension, and stigma related to quarantine. Moreover, inadequate human resources and changing guidelines overburdened healthcare providers. But, perception of risk, and social responsibility of travelers together with supportive organization behavior act as facilitators. Overall, groundwork on airport screening was insightful to propose key action areas for screening.Conclusions:Globally, COVID-19 has an impact on health infrastructure and international travel. International coordination with streamlined screening will go a LONG way in virus containment.

scholarly journals KEPADATAN NYAMUK DEWASA Aedes Sp DI KELURAHAN MALALAYANG I KECAMATAN MALALAYANG MANADO PERIODE JANUARI – PEBRUARI 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janno B. B. Bernadus ◽  
Victor D. Pijoh ◽  
Venny Kareth
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Culex Sp

Abstract: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) has become a public health problem in Indonesia because of its high prevalence and ability to spread more widely. In North Sulawesi itself Case Fatality Rate of carrying dengue is increasing from year to year. The local village Malalayang has a high potential for spreading this disease. The result of an  entomology survey on adult mosquitos showed that Aedes sp was found in 40 houses of 80 house samples. From these 40 houses we got 71 mosquito samples. From these 71 samples tested and identified, we found three species: Aedes aegypti (30 samples, 42.25%), Aedes albopictus (22 samples, 30.99%), and Culex sp (19 samples, 26.76%). Mosquito density can be seen from the indices of the resting rates, which were 0.375 for Aedes aegypti, 0.275 for Aedes albopictus, and 0.65 for Aedes sp. Key words: density, adult mosquito, Aedes sp., resting rate.   Abstrak: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia karena prevalensinya yang tinggi dan penyebarannya semakin luas. Di Sulawesi Utara, Case Fatality Rate penyakit DBD tercatat terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Kelurahan Malalayang I merupakan daerah yang potensial sebagai daerah penyebaran DBD. Survei entomologi terhadap nyamuk dewasa Aedes sp pada 80 rumah  memperlihatkan bahwa 40 diantaranya terdapat 71 sampel nyamuk. Setelah diperiksa dan diidentifikasi ternyata ditemukan tiga spesies yaitu Aedes aegypti 30 sampel (42,25%), Aedes albopictus 22 sampel (30,99%) dan Culex sp 19 (26,76%). Kepadatan nyamuk  dapat dilihat  dari angka indeks  pada resting rate yaitu Aedes aegypti = 0,375 , Aedes albopictus = 0,275 dan  Aedes sp.= 0,65. Kata kunci:  kepadatan, nyamuk dewasa, Aedes sp., resting rate.

scholarly journals 1671. Impact of Zika Syndrome on Brazilian Infant Mortality Rate

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S611-S612
Author(s):  
Nilson Nogueira Mendes Neto ◽  
Jessika T da S. Maia ◽  
Marcelo Zacarkim ◽  
Igor T Queiroz ◽  
Gleyson Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Serological Data

Abstract Background Infant mortality in Brazil has increased for the first time in 26 years. This study aimed to define the Zika Syndrome (ZS) perinatal case fatality rate (PCF) since the 2015 Zika outbreak in a Brazilian northeast state highly impacted by the virus. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted using data obtained through the State Health Department for cases of microcephaly (MCP) and congenital abnormalities (CA) in Rio Grande do Norte State (RN) from April 2015 to March 2, 2019. Perinatal period: commencing at 22 completed weeks (154 days) of gestation until 7 days after birth. PCF was defined as the number of deaths as a fraction of the number of sick persons with the specific disease (×100). Results There were 535 reported cases of MCP and others CA notified in RN during this period: 4 in 2014, 337 in 2015, 157 in 2016, 21 in 2017, 14 in 2018, and 2 in 2019. Of these, 151 were confirmed and 135 remain under investigation. The remaining 247 cases were ruled out by normal physical exams or due to noninfectious cause of MCP. Of the total confirmed cases, 35.8% (54/151) died after birth or during pregnancy. Zika virus infection during pregnancy was confirmed in 55.5% (30/54) of deaths and 1.8% (01/54) had a positive TORCH blood test. The odds ratio for the Zika PCF was found to be 1.57 (95% CI: 0.7940–3.1398; P = 0.1928). Deaths related to Zika were confirmed using a combination of clinical and epidemiological findings paired with either radiological information or molecular/serological data (RT–PCR and/or IgM/IgG antibodies against Zika). Twelve cases remain under investigation and 7 were ruled out as MCP. The highest number of confirmed MCP cases occurred between August 2015 and February 2016. The prevalence increased in September, with a peak in November 2015 (20.1 cases per 1,000 live births). Conclusion Before the recent Brazilian Zika outbreak, the incidence of MCP in RN between 2010 and 2014 was 1.8 cases/year. The real incidence and prevalence might be higher due to the underreporting and lack of resources for confirmatory diagnostic tests (laboratory and imaging). This study indicates that Zika virus accounted for a substantial proportion of MCP cases seen during the years studied, and suggests that ZS contributed to an increase in infant mortality in Brazil. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Optimization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Basu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Diabetes Prevention Program ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Public Health Department ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Reduction Program ◽  
Distribution Of Resources

This chapter seeks to determine how can we best allocate limited resources among many different programs. Given a budget to run a program that must be distributed among many different alternative projects (e.g., within a public health department, we might allocate some resources to a vaccination program, another set of resources to a diabetes prevention program, and yet another set of resources to an air pollution reduction program), how can we try to maximize the chances that we allocate limited resources fairly, ensuring that each program has at least the minimal resources that it needs while also ensuring that the distribution of resources maximizes overall public health? This chapter uses computational tools to solve such problems, focusing on how we can make smart decisions to maximize the potential effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of any particular program we’re interested in supporting—a goal known as optimization.

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