scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among School Going Adolescents and their Relationship to Socioeconomic Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Saroj Swapnil Salelkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Family Expectations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Highly Correlated

Introduction: Adolescence is a phase involving risk taking, autonomy, adventure and efforts to fit into adulthood. Physical and emotional changes, peers, social media, education, family expectations etc. make individuals vulnerable. Aims: To study the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in school going adolescents from 9th -12th standard from Bagdogra, to examine the association with family factors and Socio Economic Status and to identify the co-morbidities between Depression, Anxiety and Stress. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out using DASS-21 scale on a total of 231 students. In addition, a self-structured questionnaire on family structure and socio economic status was administered and SPSS software was used for analysis. Result: Overall, 76.2% had at least one of the mental morbidities under study. Depression was significantly more common in class 12th, (28.4%), 9th (28.4%) &10th (27.6%) and stress was significantly common in 12th(55.4%) & 10th (55.2%). There was no significant difference in relation to age, sex, family structure and socioeconomic status. All mental morbidities more frequently occurred in combination with each other, rather than exclusively. Depression most frequently occurred with stress (8 times) followed by anxiety (4 times), whereas anxiety was 6 times more likely to occur with stress. Conclusions: Almost 3 out of 4 children had symptoms related to at least one of the mental morbidities discussed. Depression and stress was significantly more prevalent in students answering board exams (class 10th and 12th) than those not answering board exams. Depression, Anxiety and Stress were highly correlated with each other.

A study on the Relationship of the weight pattern with the socioeconomic status among adolescents school going children in an Indian Metropolitan City

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-323
Author(s):  
Samar Hossain ◽  
Sharma Priyanka ◽  
Talib Hossain ◽  
Surendra Mohan Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Development Levels

Objective: The last two decades have witnessed an increase in health care costs due to obesity and related issues among children and adolescents. Childhood obesity is a global phenomenon affecting all socio-economic groups, irrespective of age, sex or ethnicity. The study was done to find the the prevalence of obesity and overweight and their association with socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk factors. Materials and Methods: School based cross sectional study carried out over a period of 4 months in three schools of East Delhi. The study was carried out in 629 school children of 10–18 years of age and belonging to different socioeconomic statuses in schools in East Delhi. The obesity and overweight were considered using an updated body mass index reference. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to determine the Socio-economic status and life style factors. Results: The prevalence of overweight among children was higher in middle socioeconomic status groups as compared to high socioeconomic class in both boys and girls whereas the prevalence of obesity was higher in high Socio economic status group as compared to middle socioeconomic group. The prevalence of obesity as well as overweight in low SES group was the lowest as compared to other group. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the prevalence of overweight and obesity varies remarkably with different socioeconomic development levels.

scholarly journals Knowledge, practices and problem towards menstrual cycle with their socio economic status: a comparative study of tribal and non tribal female

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2381
Author(s):  
Jhuma Dey ◽  
Biswait Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Biological Process

Background: Menstruation is a normal biological process and a key sign of reproductive health. Good hygiene practices are essential during menstruation. The current study was conducted to assess the knowledge, awareness and practices related to menstrual hygiene management and find out the relationship between the socio economic status and age at menarche (AAM) among tribal (Oraon) and nontribal female in Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal.Methods: A field based cross-sectional study was conducted among tribal (Oraon) and nontribal female in Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal. A total of 120 samples (60 tribal and 60 nontribal) were interviewed by using pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS (ver. 16).Results: The present study shows that the tribal female had poor knowledge about menstruation and menstrual hygiene than the nontribal female. Use of sanitary napkins among the nontribal female (66.7%) where as reverse in case of tribal female (use of cloths 66.7%). Study shows with increasing monthly family income and socio economic status, mean AAM decreases. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups (tribal and nontribal) for all socio economic parameter but not AAM distribution.Conclusions: There is an urgent need to create awareness regarding menstrual hygiene among all the females in the society. The role of teachers and media should be enhanced. This will help in reducing the burden of menstrual related health problem and improve the reproductive health.

scholarly journals Nocturnal Enuresis

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 200-4
Author(s):  
Arni Arni ◽  
Tri Budiati ◽  
Mahamah Mahamah ◽  
Hafiz Abubakar ◽  
Rafita Ramayati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laboratory Examinations

From November 1, 1992, to February 1, 1993 a cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with nocturnal enuresis who attended to the Child Clinic of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan, with the age ranging from 4 to 15 years. All patients were interviewed by using questionnaires, and the physical and laboratory examinations were done. Enuresis is defined as an involuntary urination and occurring repeatedly in children of> 4 years, with the minimum of 2 times/month and no indicators of organic disturbances. Of the 168 patients with the age of 4 to 15 years, 70 (41.6%) were found with nocturnal enuresis; 38 (54.2%) were males and 32 (45.8%) females. Most of the patients 33 patients (4 7.1 %) were found in the age group of 4-5 years. All parents of the patients suggested that their children had enuresis without familial complaints because they believe that it would stop gradually with the increases in age. No significant difference was found in the socio-economic status between the enuretic and non-enuretic children. The two groups showed no significant differences in growth and urinary tract infection was not noted.

scholarly journals Burden of depression and anxiety among leprosy affected and associated factors—A cross sectional study from India

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0009030
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Govindasamy ◽  
Immanuel Jacob ◽  
Raju Moturu Solomon ◽  
Joydeepa Darlong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Background Leprosy is a Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) known to cause stigma and discrimination in low-and middle-income countries. It often results in visible impairments, thus pre-disposing to poor mental health. Aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among people affected by Leprosy and to determine the associated factors. Methodology/Principal findings A multi-centric, cross-sectional study was carried out in four leprosy endemic states of India—Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu in randomly selected blocks (a sub-unit of district), from one district in each state. From selected blocks those registered for leprosy treatment at public health or referral centres, people above the age of 18 years were interviewed with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires for Depression and Anxiety, respectively. Disease profile like leprosy classification, deformity grade, number and site of the patches and socio-economic status were collected along with individual data. Of the total 220 respondents, prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms was, 33% (73) and 19% (42), respectively. Presence of disability (47%) and Female gender (46%) were significantly associated with depression. Presence of disability (32%), Lower income group (27%) and low education (22%) were significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety. As the severity of disability increased, risk of developing depression and anxiety increased. Conclusion The study indicates that more than 30% of people affected by leprosy have mental health problems, which emphasizes the importance of mental health care services in leprosy. Women, those who had lower level of education, those belonging to lower socio-economic status and those with any level of disability due to leprosy are at risk of developing depression and/or anxiety. The study concludes more attention to be paid to the categories identified to be at risk.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Status and Prevalence of Self-Reported Osteoporosis in Tehran: Results from a Large Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study (Urban HEART-2)

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Asadi-Lari ◽  
Y. Salimi ◽  
M. R. Vaez-Mahdavi ◽  
S. Faghihzadeh ◽  
A. A. Haeri Mehrizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status

scholarly journals Factors associated with relapse of schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
AKM Akramul Haque ◽  
AHM Kazi Mostofa Kamal ◽  
Zinat De Laila ◽  
Luna Laila ◽  
Helal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric illness with high rate of relapse which is commonly associated with noncompliance of medicine, as well as stress and high expressed emotions. The objective of the study was to determine the factors of relapse among the schizophrenic patients attending in outpatient departments of three tertiary level psychiatric facilities in Bangladesh. This was a cross sectional study conducted from July, 2001 to June, 2002. Two hundred patients including both relapse and nonrelapse cases of schizophrenia and their key relatives were included by purposive sampling. The results showed no statistically significant difference in terms of relapse with age, sex, religion, residence, occupation and level of education (p>0.05), but statistically significant difference was found with marital status and economic status (p<0.01). The proportion of non-compliance was found to be 80% and 14%, of high expressed emotion was 17% and 2% and of the occurrence of stressful life events was 10% and 1% in relapse and non-relapse cases respectively which were statistically significant (p<0.001). The study indicated that stressful life events, high expressed emotion, and noncompliance with medication had a role in schizophrenic patients for its relapse.Bang J Psychiatry December 2015; 29(2): 59-63

scholarly journals Relationship of socio-economic status and childhood cancer: an in-hospital cross-sectional study in a developing country

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-184
Author(s):  
BJ Brown ◽  
AO Adeleye
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Burkitt Lymphoma ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviors

Background: Socioeconomic factors are known to affect health quality, disease occurrence as well as health-seeking behaviors in several ways.Objectives: To determine the influence of socio-economic factors on awareness of cancer, healthseeking behaviors among parents of children with cancer in a developing country and occurrence of cancer using Burkitt lymphoma as index malignancy.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that involved children with cancer seen over a 2-year period in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Information was obtained by interview through administration of a questionnaire and retrieval of clinical data from patients’ case notes.Results: The caregivers of 91 children (46 boys, 45 girls) were interviewed including 86 biological parents. Majority (84.6%) of the children belonged to the low socio -economic classes 3-5; 45 of 86 parents (52.3%), more likely in parents from higher socioeconomic classes, were aware of cancer but only 7 (8.1%) knew it could occur in children. There was no association between Burkitt lymphoma and socio-economic class. Twenty-eight (30.8%) parents of the 91 children visited alternate sources of health care, most commonly traditional healers, followed by religious centers. There was no association between visits to such centers and the parents’ socio-economic status or with presentation with metastatic disease.Conclusions: Awareness of childhood cancer is low among this cohort of parents; their socioeconomic status seems to impact on this level of awareness but not on their health-seeking behaviors for their affected children. Focused health education is needed to increase childhood cancer awareness and appropriate healthseeking behavior among the population studied.Key words: socio-economic; childhood; cancer; health-seeking; behaviour; awareness

scholarly journals The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on the Presence and Degree of Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Coronary Artery Disease—A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155798831983437
Author(s):  
Lesław Rusiecki ◽  
Romuald Zdrojowy ◽  
Jana Gebala ◽  
Małgorzata Sobieszczańska ◽  
Ryszard Smoliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Impairment of social functioning and low economic status may lead to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with clinically significant CVD. A total of 808 male patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) were recruited. Socioeconomic and demographic data as well as occupational data and the presence of modifiable risk factors were collected. Erection quality was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5), while physical activity was evaluated using a modified Framingham questionnaire. Relationships among the presence of socioeconomic factors (marital status, education, income, occupational status, nature of work conducted, and demographic data), intensity of ED, and time from diagnosis of IHD were assessed. ED was diagnosed in 618 men (76.49% overall; severe in 23.14%, moderate to severe in 13.11%, moderate in 32.20%, mild in 31.55%). Patients with ED were older (61 ± 8.6 vs. 53 ± 9.1 years; p < .0001), were less active (6.97 ± 2.18 vs. 8.31 ± 2.34 Metabolic Equivalent [METs]; p < .0001), and had more modifiable risk factors (3.4 ± 1.1 vs. 3.2 ± 1.0; p < .0300). Higher education was associated with a lower probability of the occurrence of ED (OR = 0.7546; 95% CI [0.6221, 0.9153]). In patients with newly diagnosed IHD, SES correlated significantly with the presence of ED ( p = .009). Education in patients suffering from CVD has a significant relationship with both the occurrence and degree of ED. Economic status was significantly linked to the presence and degree of ED only in patients with IHD diagnosed less than 2 months before entering the study.

scholarly journals Uptake of routine vitamin A supplementation for children in Humbo district, southern Ethiopia: community-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Getnet Kassa ◽  
Addisalem Mesfin ◽  
Samson Gebremedhin
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Abstract Background In low- and middle-income countries routine vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is a key strategy for reducing vitamin A deficiency and mortality and morbidity of preschool children. However, in Ethiopia, there is paucity of evidence regarding the level and determinants of the uptake of the supplement. This study was designed to assess the coverage and predictors of VAS among preschool children in Humbo district, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2016. A total of 840 mothers/caregivers having children 6–59 months of age were selected using multistage cluster sampling technique from six rural villages implementing routine VAS program. Data were collected using interviewer administered questionnaire. Possible predictors considered in the study include distance from the nearby health facility, household socio-economic status, type of the household (model vs non-model), maternal access to health education on VAS, and knowledge on vitamin A and VAS. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of uptake of VAS. The outputs are presented using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with the respective 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The coverage of VAS was 75.0% (95% CI: 72.1–77.9). Better knowledge of mothers about the importance of the supplement (AOR: 1.49, 1.02–2.17), obtaining VAS related information from frontline community health workers (AOR: 1.51, 1.34–2.72) than health professionals and being from households in the “rich” wealth tertile (AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.07–3.03) were positively associated with uptake VAS. Conclusion The VAS coverage of the area was approaching the expected national target of 80%. However, the uptake can be enhanced though awareness creation and improving socio-economic status of the community.

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