Replacement between Conformity and Counter-Conformity in Consumption Decisions

2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Jui Chou ◽  
Qi Dai ◽  
En-Chung Chang ◽  
Veronica Wong
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Conformity Behavior ◽  
The Way

This study assessed, in a Chinese context, how self-esteem interacts with perceived similarity and uniqueness to yield cognitive dissonance, and whether the dissonance leads to self-reported conformity or counter-conformity behavior. Participants were 408 respondents from 4 major Chinese cities ( M age = 33.0 yr., SD = 4.3; 48% men). Self-perceptions of uniqueness, similarity, cognitive dissonance, self-esteem and need to behave in conformity or counter-conformity were measured. A theoretical model was assessed in four situations, relating the ratings of self-esteem and perceived similarity/uniqueness to the way other people at a wedding were dressed, and the resultant cognitive dissonance and conformity/counter-conformity behavior. Regardless of high or low self-esteem, all participants reported cognitive dissonance when they were told that they were dressed extremely similarly to or extremely differently from the other people attending the wedding. However, the conforming/counter-conforming strategies used by participants to resolve the cognitive dissonance differed. When encountering dissonance induced by the perceived extreme uniqueness of dress, participants with low self-esteem tended to say they would dress next time so as to conform with the way others were dressed, while those with high self-esteem indicated they would continue their counter-conformity in attire. When encountering dissonance induced by the perceived extreme similarity to others, both those with high and low self-esteem tended to say they would dress in an unorthodox manner to surprise other people in the future.

Behavior in a Mixed Motive Game as a Function of Induced Self-Esteem

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-517
Author(s):  
Richard G. Graf ◽  
Louise Hearne
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Trial Block ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Competitive Behavior ◽  
The Way

High, neutral, and low self-esteem were induced in college students who then took part in a mixed motive game. It was hypothesized that induced low self-esteem would result in highly competitive behavior. This prediction was confirmed for the first trial block of 10 trials but no difference in competitive behavior among the 3 groups was observed during the second through fifth trial blocks. The results were discussed in terms of the success of the induction of level of self-esteem, the perceived strategy of the other player, and the way in which the perceived strategy might interact with chronic and induced levels of self-esteem.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KONFORMITAS DAN HARGA DIRI DENGAN PERILAKU KONSUMTIF PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI KOTA DENPASAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Made Indah Yuliantari ◽  
Yohanes Kartika Herdiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Factor ◽  
Scale Reliability ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Conformity Behavior ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
Consumptive Behavior

Female teenager conformity behavior is caused by several factors, which is internal factor and external factor. One of the internal factor that caused female teenager has consumptive behavior is prestige. In the other hand, having a low prestige makes female teenager tense to make friends and join a certain group in accordance to lifting their prestige. There is a conformity factorin a teenager group. That result in one’s behavior which is based on their mate in that group. Because they want have a same norms which is expected with their group (Sarwono, 2002). If they can’t control consumptive behavior, it will give them bad impact such as wasteful, unproductive, a crime where a person will do something. On the other hand teenager is stage where a person tries to find their own identity through their friend of the same age. This will be very much related to conformity and self esteem female teenager consumptive behavior in Denpasar. There is a positive relationship between conformity and female teenager consumptive behavior and also there is a negative relationship between self esteem and female teenager consumptive behavior in Denpasar. This study was used quantitative method. There were 286 female teenager start from 10 and 11 grade student in Denpasar senior high school. They were selected by stratified random technique sampling. The data was obtain by using conformity scale (Reliability alpha 0,901), self esteem scale which was adopted by Wardhani (2009) (Reliability alpha 0,939), and consumptive behavior scale (Reliability alpha 0,900). The result of this study was showed there was a significant relationship between conformity and self esteem female teenager consumptive behavior in Denpasar (R=0,407; r2=0,165), by using multiple regression analysis. Partially there was a positive significant relationship between conformity and teenager consumptive behavior in Denpasar (r= 0,408); and also there was negative significant relationship between self esteem and female consumptive behavior in Denpasar (r= -0,124).   Keyword: Conformity, Self Esteem, Consumptive Behavior.  

Direct and Indirect Effects of Agreeableness on Overconfidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shraga Sukenik ◽  
Abira Reizer ◽  
Meni Koslovsky
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
The Creation

Abstract. Agreeableness is generally thought to be a personality trait with positive outcomes, especially with regards to the creation and maintenance of harmonious interpersonal relationships. The potential negative consequences of agreeableness are discussed less often. This study explores the potential for overconfidence among agreeable people. In addition, self-esteem and perceived similarity were examined as an explanation for the indirect effects of agreeableness on overconfidence. Specifically, within each pair of 104 student dyads who had worked jointly on a project in an undergraduate course, one acted as a rater and the other as a ratee. The raters were asked to evaluate their partner’s performance, while the ratees were asked how they thought the raters had evaluated their performance. Our measure of overconfidence was the gap between the partner’s evaluation of the participant’s performance and the participant’s belief in how this performance was evaluated. Additional measures filled out by the subjects included agreeableness, friendship, self-esteem, and perceived similarity. Results indicated that self-esteem and perceived similarity provide an approach for understanding the indirect effects of the agreeableness-overconfidence association.

scholarly journals Pastors as gewonde genesers: Outobiografiese pastoraat as heelmiddel vir emosionele verwonding en verlamming by pastors

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Phillip Nolte ◽  
Yolanda Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
New World ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Bible ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Tradition ◽  
The Way

Pastors as wounded healers: Autobiographical pastorate as a way for pastors to achieve emotional wholenessIn a previous article it was argued that pastors suffer from cognitive dissonance because of the paradigm shift from modernity to postmodernity, and the emotional woundedness that frequently results from their struggles to come to terms with the new world in which they have to live and minister. This article reflects on the way in which two further issues may exacerbate emotional woundedness in pastors. The one is church tradition, as it is reflected in several formularies used during church services in the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (NHKA), as well as the Church Ordinance of the NHKA. The other issue is the way in which pastors view the Bible. The language and rhetoric used to reflect on these issues are discussed and evaluated. In its last paragraph the article reflects on the possibility of autobiographical pastorate as a way for pastors to achieve emotional wholeness.

The Regulation of Autonomy in Nursing: the Italian situation

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Sala ◽  
Duilio Manara
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Contemporary Situation ◽  
The One ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
The Way

We reflect upon the meaning of freedom and autonomy in nursing behaviour, attempting to outline the contemporary situation of nursing in Italy, where the profession is achieving important results after a long period of submission and subordination. The way to real emancipation is not easy, but a statement of law on the one hand - abolishing constraints such as the Mansionario - and professional self-regulation on the other - the recent new Deontological Code - represent a real conquest in that direction. However, no statement of law or deontology can be sufficient without deeper reflection by the profession on itself and its tasks, potentiality, social importance and self-esteem.

Effects of Experienced Success or Failure on Self-Esteem and Problem-Solving Ability

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Craparo ◽  
Regina P. Hines ◽  
Wesley A. Kayson
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Female Subjects

The effects of experienced success or failure on self-esteem and problem-solving ability were studied. 54 female subjects aged 18 to 22 yr. were tested. Two manipulative tasks were performed on pairs in which both either experienced success, failure, or in mixed pairs where one experienced success and the other failure. After the manipulation of success or failure each subject was asked to complete an amended version of the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. The subjects were then asked to solve 10 five-letter anagrams following a 14253 pattern. Two 2 × 2 factorial analyses of variance were performed on self-esteem scores and anagram performance. The main effects of success and failure were significant, successful subjects had high self-esteem and solved more anagrams than subjects who failed. No interaction between subjects' success and partners' success occurred. Expectancies about performance, cognitive dissonance, and social comparison processes are discussed.

scholarly journals Adult Attachment for Reconstructing Adolescents’ Learning Identity and Awareness

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ratna Sari Dewi ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Learner Identity ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Learning Identity ◽  
The Way

This study explored how adolescents reconstructed their roles as learners through learning identity and awareness by adult involvement in Sukma Bangsa Pidie (SBP) School. In order to monitor students’ attitudes and learning aspects’ progress, this research employed several observations and interviews (groups and individuals) either by videotaping or voice recording, also students’ database records from school information system (called SISTO). The previous findings advocated that there were variations in the way adolescents performed their learning identity that might encourage them to achieve different degrees of motivation, self-perceptions (self-efficacy, self-concept, and self-esteem), autonomy, and self-development towards their identity as learners. In the other study, the authors also found that students in SBP School were in various categories regarding their levels of learning awareness. It was exhibited by how students dealt with their own learning approaches and how high their existing willingness to learn was. The different levels of learning awareness were survival, establishing stability, approval, and loving to learn. Both learner identity and learner awareness level were almost similar in the way that adolescents experienced. As argued by previous well-known researchers, the child would grow as a good learner with positive improvement of self-concept and self-esteem. Also, the formation of positive self-esteem in adolescence became a bridge towards their success as demanding learners. Furthermore, adult (in this case teachers and parents) involvement with adolescents’ learning approaches may embolden the learners to become less or more autonomous people. Positive adult attachment therefore is pivotal to moderate students who have either low willingness to study or low self-conception. This study ultimately confirmed that there was a reciprocal relationship between learner identity (motivation, self-perceptions, autonomy, self-development) and learner awareness (survival, establishing stability, approval, loving to learn), then further will support the integrated effects on learner autonomy.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

Analysis of Self-Concept in Older Adults in Different Contexts

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel de Gracia Blanco ◽  
Josep Garre Olmo ◽  
María Marcó Arbonès ◽  
Pilar Monreal Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Discriminatory Capacity

Summary: Self-concept is a construct consisting of a group of specific self-perceptions that are hierarchically organized. Age-associated changes of self-concept are related to the individual's perception of the changes occurring throughout the aging process. The authors examined external validity and internal consistency of an instrument that has been developed to assess self-concept in older adults and examined self-concept's characteristics in two different contexts. Results confirm the multidimensionality of the scale and show a satisfactory external validity, indicating good discriminatory capacity. Findings support the hypothesis that older people who live in a nursing home have a poor self-esteem, self-concept, and psychological well-being and have a greater presence of depressive symptoms than people who live in their own home.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document