Organ Donation by Suicides: Sex and Ethnicity

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 948-950
Author(s):  
David Lester ◽  
Dominique Hathaway
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
General Public ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Ethnic Difference ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Organ Donations

An analysis of 2,034 actual organ donations by suicides for the years 2008–2010 indicated that women were more likely to be donors than were men and Blacks more likely to donate than were Whites. The sex difference was consistent with the responses of men and women to surveys of the general public about their willingness to become organ donors, but the ethnic difference was the reverse of the responses to surveys of the general public about their willingness to be organ donors. Future research should explore the role of the responses, positive vs negative toward organ donation, of the significant others of those dying from different causes of death, and the extent to which people have signed donor cards.

scholarly journals Cyber-Flirting: An Examination of Men's and Women's Flirting Behaviour Both Offline and on the Internet

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica T. Whitty
Keyword(s):  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Online Interactions

AbstractWhile flirting is a relatively underresearched area within psychology, even less is known about how people cyber-flirt. This paper explores how often individuals flirt offline compared to online. Moreover, it attempts to examine how men and women flirt within these different spaces. Five thousand, six hundred and ninety-seven individuals, of which 3554 (62%) were women and 2143 (38%) were men, completed a survey about their flirting behaviour both in face-to-face interactions and in chatrooms. The first hypothesis, which stated that the body would be used to flirt with as frequently online as offline, was partly supported. However, it was found that individuals downplayed the importance of physical attractiveness online. Women flirted by displaying nonverbal signals (offline) or substitutes for nonverbal cues (online), to a greater extent than men. In chatrooms men were more likely than women to initiate contact. It is concluded that cyber-flirting is more than simply a meeting of minds and that future research needs to consider the role of the body in online interactions.

Introducing an Organ Donor Registry is Saskatchewan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Zarzeczny ◽  
◽  
Luiza Radu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
National Level ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Media Campaign ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
Paper Form ◽  
Evaluation Metric

On 3 September 2020, Saskatchewan launched an organ donor registry that allows participants 16 years and older to register their intent to be an organ donor either online or using a paper form. Saskatchewan has historically performed poorly at a national level with low rates of organ donations. Saskatchewan's new registry is intended to increase the numbers of organ donors in the province, while also helping to modernize its organ donation system and ease donation conversations with families. Saskatchewan's introduction of this registry brought the province in line with other provinces and territories across Canada that use similar systems, and provided a response to the surge in public interest around organ donation that followed the Humboldt Bronco bus crash tragedy and related ``Logan Boulet Effect.'' The 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 provincial budgets included dedicated funding for the development and launch of the registry, which was accompanied by a media campaign to increase public awareness. Though it is too early to evaluate the success of the registry, early indications suggest donation rates will be a key evaluation metric. Registries are commonly thought to help increase public awareness of, and support for, organ donation, but improving Saskatchewan's organ donation rates will likely also require companion measures to strengthen the culture and practice of donation in the province.

Abstract 16: Sex Disparities in Organ Donation: Finding an Equal Donor Pool

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Yee ◽  
Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini ◽  
Bianca Duarte ◽  
Shannon Knapp ◽  
Nancy K Sweitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Medical Mistrust ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Donor Pool ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk

Introduction: The majority of living organ donors are women, and the majority of deceased organ donors are men. This poses a problem for transplant candidates who have worsened survival with sex mismatched organs. The objective of this study was to identify reasons for disparities in organ donation between sexes and identify strategies to increase organ donors. Methods: We conducted a fifteen question survey using a crowdsourcing marketplace, Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, in September 2019. The survey assessed how participants make decisions about becoming an organ donor. The survey was distributed to U.S. adult participants, including eight write-in questions and two Likert scale questions. Qualitative descriptive analyses were used to understand reasons for and against becoming an organ donor. Quantitative results were compared with t test. Results: Among the 667 eligible participants representing 49 states, 54.9% were women and 63.1% were in the 18-40 age group. The majority of men (64.8%) and women (63.4%) were registered organ donors. Among men and women donors, three themes guided their willingness to donate: desire to help others, personal experience with organ donors/recipients, and believing organs would have no use to the donor once dead. Among men and women non-donors, decisions were guided by three themes: no reason, medical mistrust, considering becoming a donor. Themes varied by sex when considering whether to donate organs of a deceased family member. Women were guided equally by two themes: family member’s wishes and believing the deceased family member had no further use for organs. Men had similar themes but valued the family member’s wishes more. Women’s willingness to donate their own organs to family members (p=0.03) and strangers (p=0.02) was significantly higher than men. Among non-donors, both sexes would consider becoming organ donors if more information was provided. Conclusion: In a national survey of adults, women and men had similar reasons for becoming and not becoming an organ donor. However compared to men, women were more willing to donate their organs and more altruistic in the donation of family members’ organs. Women’s deceased organ donation may increase with further communication of women’s wishes before death and by improved public education about organ donation.

scholarly journals Study of knowledge and attitude of nurses in Sanandaj city toward organ donation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Valiee ◽  
Shoaib Dehghani ◽  
Shiva Mohammadi ◽  
Sahar Dalvand ◽  
Farzaneh Khanpour
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Effective Group ◽  
End Stage

Background & Aim: Nowadays, organ transplantation is the final treatment for the patients with end-stage organ dysfunction. Considering the importance of the organ donation and the important role of nurses in increasing the number of organ donations, the present study aimed to determine the knowledge and attitudes of nurses in Sanandaj hospitals toward organ donation. Materials & Methods: This study was descriptive-analytic (cross-sectional). 250 nurses working in hospitals in Sanandaj city were selected by stratified sampling method in 2017 and completed the questionnaire on knowledge and attitude towards organ donation. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20, using independent t-test and ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the mean score of knowledge was 13/2±04/ 57 and the mean score of attitude was 44.7±82.75 and 207 (82.2%) did not have a donation card, while 146 nurses (58.4%) tended to receive a donation card. The mean score of nurses' knowledge about donation was 13.2±26/49 and the mean score of their attitude was 13.2±07. 91. There was also a significant correlation between attitude and level of education (p=0/045). Conclusion: According to the results, the knowledge and attitude of the majority of nurses were moderate and most of them did not have a donation card. Considering the importance of this effective group in increasing the culture of the community toward organ donation, education and preparing appropriate background for receiving, and increasing knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation for the nurses is necessary.

scholarly journals Ablehnungs- und Umsetzungsraten von Organtransplantationen – mögliche Ursachen und denkbare Auswege

10.38107/017 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Pfyffer von Altishofen
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Living Wills ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
Cantonal Hospital ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
The Will ◽  
Observation Period

The work deals intensively with the very complex topic of post-mortem organ donation and the question of why it is that not all organs of potential organ donors are considered in transplantation. It covers central questions of the legally and ethically required handling of dying and death. In addition to a presentation of the relevant legal situation, the statistical findings on organ transplants performed in Switzerland during the observation period, the relatively high rates of rejection and low rates of conversion of organ donations by means of retrospective analysis of the data of all in 2013 at their then place of work, the Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen are made and their results compared with those of the national SwissPOD study. The "primary desirable goal" of the measures taken to promote organ donation appears to the author to be less the "increase in available organs, but rather reflection on dying and one's own death", which is why she would welcome an increase in the number of living wills and organ donation cards available, in order to thereby reduce the emotionally stressful proxy decisions - regardless of the will specified therein.

scholarly journals Gender Effect on Views of Wisdom and Wisdom Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Xiong ◽  
Fengyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Psychological Gender ◽  
And Gender

Gender differences in wisdom are an important theme in mythology, philosophy, psychology, and daily life. Based on the existing psychological research, consensus and dispute exist between the two genders on the views of wisdom and in the levels of wisdom. In terms of the views of wisdom, the way men and women view wisdom is highly similar, and from the perspectives of both ordinary people and professional researchers of wisdom psychology, wise men and women are extremely similar. Regarding wisdom level, research has revealed that, although significant gender effects exist in the level of overall wisdom, reflective and affective dimension, and interpersonal conflict coping styles, the effect sizes were small, which indicated that these gender differences were not obvious. It would be desirable for future research to combine multiple wisdom measurements, strengthen research on the psychological gender effect of wisdom, and focus on the moderating role of age on the relationship between wisdom and gender.

scholarly journals Evaluation of underidentification of potential organ donors in German hospitals

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242724
Author(s):  
Grit Esser ◽  
Benedikt Kolbrink ◽  
Christoph Borzikowsky ◽  
Ulrich Kunzendorf ◽  
Thorsten Feldkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Donor Pool ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Organ Donations

Background Since 2010, the number of organ donations in Germany has decreased by one third, mostly due to undetected organ donors. It is unclear, how the undetected potential donor pool is distributed among the different German hospital categories (A = university hospital, B = hospitals with neurosurgery, C = hospitals without neurosurgery) and region types. Methods We performed a nationwide secondary data analysis of all German inpatient cases of the year 2016 (n = 20,063,689). All fatalities were regarded as potential organ donors, in which primary or secondary brain damage was encoded and organ donation was not excluded by a contraindication or a lack of ventilation therapy. Results In 2016, 28,087 potential organ donors were identified. Thereof 21% were found in category A, 28% in category B and 42% in category C hospitals. The contact rate (= organ donation related contacts/ potential organ donors) and realization rate (= realized organ donations/ potential organ donors) of category A, B and C hospitals was 10.6% and 4.6%, 10.9% and 4.8% and 6.0% and 1.7%, respectively. 58.2% of the donor potential of category C hospitals was found in the largest quartile of category C hospitals. 51% (n = 14,436) of the potential organ donors were treated in hospitals in agglomeration areas, 28% (n = 7,909) in urban areas and 21% (n = 5,742) in rural areas. The contact- and realization rate did not significantly differ between these areas. Conclusions The largest proportion of potential organ donors and the lowest realization rate are found in category C hospitals. Reporting and donation practice do not differ between urban and rural regions.

scholarly journals Role of Rehabilitation in Promoting Engagement in Daily Life in Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 256-262
Author(s):  
Niels Peeters ◽  
Inger Grethe Løyning ◽  
Sofie Ferdinand ◽  
Daphne Kos
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Activity Performance

Abstract The purpose of this narrative review is to define the theoretical constructs of engagement, participation, and balance. The implementation of these constructs in multiple sclerosis (MS) rehabilitation are described because MS symptoms such as fatigue and cognitive decline may affect engagement in daily life. The constructs of engagement and participation can be considered to be different when they are studied. The constructs related to balance are of interest when targeting engagement. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs may have beneficial effects in optimizing engagement. Therefore, the measurement of these constructs is primordial because they give us a deeper understanding of the meaning of activity performance that reflects engagement in daily life. Future research may focus on describing engagement in both men and women at all stages of MS and may explore variables that influence engagement in daily life to integrate engagement optimization in MS rehabilitation. Engagement may have beneficial effects as part of multidisciplinary rehabilitation in MS.

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