Sex Differences in Undershoot with Extended Exposure Time in the Rod-and-Frame Test

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Hayes ◽  
P. H. Venables
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Time Condition ◽  
Sensitive Measure ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Extended Exposure ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

In 11 male and 11 female Ss increased exposure time in the RFT gave a significant impairment in performance, as measured in absolute mean error ( p < .001), establishing that the exposure-time effect reported by the same authors in 26 female Ss also applies to males. When sign of error was taken into account, undershoot in the long exposure time condition was significantly greater than overshoot ( p < .001) and a significant interaction between sex and undershoot-overshoot was demonstrated ( p < .05). Use of long exposures gives a more sensitive measure of sex differences in premature reporting of upright in the RFT.

scholarly journals An exposure time effect in the Witkin rod-and-frame test

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Hayes ◽  
P. H. Venables
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Field Dependence among Male and Female Alcoholics: II. Norms for the Rod-and-Frame Test

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Jacobson ◽  
Ann Van Dyke ◽  
Theodore G. Sternbach ◽  
Russell Brethauer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Perceptual Style ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

402 males and 160 females hospitalized for treatment of alcoholism were tested in a standardized manner on the Rod-and-frame test as a means of supplementing an earlier report of normative data on perceptual style among male alcoholics. When their performance was contrasted with that of normal and psychiatric samples, alcoholics were clearly the most field dependent of all groups studied. Statistically significant sex differences justify the need for separate norms for males and females.

Sex Differences in Feedback: Effects on Rod-and-Frame Performance

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1279-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Erdos
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

It has been demonstrated that feedback is effective in changing rod-and-frame performance for women if given the opportunity to adjust the rod to the vertical repeatedly from the same starting position. It is also shown that the significant difference between males and females in the Rod-and-frame Test is carried by the large difference in the initial tilting position.

Effects of Onset and Type of Fathers' Absence on Children's Levels of Psychological Differentiation

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (3_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 1263-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira S. Gershansky ◽  
Louise Hainline ◽  
Harris S. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Perceptual Dimension ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The present study examined the relationship between onset and type of father's absence and children's levels of psychological differentiation defined along the perceptual dimension of field-dependence/independence. The portable Rod-and-frame Test was used to measure the level of psychological differentiation for 100 children between the ages of 8 and 16 yr. In agreement with previous findings, boys were significantly more field-independent than girls. A significant interaction was noted between the reason for the father's absence and the age of the child when the father left the home.

Field Dependence and Rorschach White-Space Figure-Ground Reversal Responses

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1191-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph-M. De Koninck ◽  
Geneviève Crabbé-Declève
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Rorschach Test ◽  
White Space ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

It was hypothesized that field-independent Ss would produce more white space figure-ground reversal responses (S) on the Rorschach test than field-dependent Ss. From 27 females and 25 males given the rod-and-frame test the 7 most field-independent and the 7 most field-dependent took the Rorschach test. The 7 field-independent Ss produced more white space reversals. A control on the number of reversal responses as a function of time of exposure and a control on sex differences showed no contaminating effect. Thus, both measures may refer to the same dimension.

Perceptual Differences of Ss Classified as Reward Seekers and Punishment Avoiders

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Bell ◽  
Donald L. Mc Manis
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Field Dependency ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
Perceptual Differences ◽  
Test Female ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

College Ss classified as reward-seeking or punishment-avoiding were tested for field-dependency on Witkin's rod-and-frame test. Female Ss were significantly more field-dependent than male Ss ( p < .01). Whereas the punishment-avoiding females were more field-dependent than the reward-seeking females, the opposite relation between orientation and field dependency was found for the males, resulting in a significant interaction ( p < .05). These results were replicated when the effect of intelligence was factored out, indicating that orientation rather than intelligence produced the perceptual differences. These findings indicated greater perceptual rigidity in the punishment-avoiding females but not in the males.

Strength of Association between Sex and Field Dependence

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Allen ◽  
Mary E. Cholet
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

An index of the strength of association between sex and each of two measures of field dependence, the Rod and Frame Test and Embedded Figures Test, was calculated based upon reported significant sex differences on these measures. Median ω 2 values based upon 20 rod-and-frame results and 18 embedded-figures results are .11 for the former and .12 for the latter. It appears that gender accounts for less than 15% of the variance in field-dependence scores.

Intratest and Sex Differences on a Portable Rod-and-Frame Test

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Morf ◽  
Robert D. Kavanaugh ◽  
Marc Mc Conville
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Female College ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Portable Rod-and-frame Test (RFT) scores and the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI) scale scores were obtained for 41 male and 41 female college students. Two partial RFT scores were computed: the summed deviations of RFT Trials 1 to 8 and RFT Trials 9 to 16. The results suggest that RFT performance of men and women is a function of different determinants and that, at least for men, performance on Trials 1 to 8 is a function of different determinants than performance on Trials 9 to 16. To explain a major portion of the variance of RFT performance an arousal interpretation appears useful for men and an interpretation in terms of energy level for women.

Rod and Frame in Immediate Perception

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 1015-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Ehrlichman
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Task Distribution ◽  
Differential Performance ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Standard Task ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

A version of the rod-and-frame test was developed in which subjects' initial perceptions of rod orientation were assessed without asking them to make veridical judgments. 49 women were shown rod-and-frame stimuli at an exposure time of .15 sec. They then indicated their perception of the slant of the rod by setting another rod at the apparent slant of the first rod. A significant positive correlation of 37 between this task and the standard task was found. Only subjects in the field-dependent third of the standard task distribution showed a significant effect of the frame under these conditions. The results suggest that differential performance on the standard task may reflect differences in immediate perception as well as in disembedding skill.

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