Predicting Group Membership of Ninth Grade Female Athletes in Selected Sports

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Proctor ◽  
Robert O. Ruhling
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Ninth Grade ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Common Mean ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump

To determine whether ninth grade school girls participating in interscholastic basketball or gymnastics are similar or dissimilar in seven selected motor characteristics, a linear discriminant function was used to predict sports membership. 84 ninth grade girls from 5 different public schools in the central-coast section of California were the subjects. 28 girls in each of three groups, interscholastic basketball players, interscholastic gymnasts, and non-athletes, were tested on seven objectively scored physical tests: arm circling, balance test, basketball wall pass, dash, leg raise, stand and bob, and the standing long jump. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated that there was no common mean vector for the seven variables in the three groups. The stepwise discriminant analysis showed that only three of the seven variables (dash, stand and bob, balance test) significantly contributed to the discrimination among the means.

scholarly journals The Effects of Combined Balance and Complex Training Versus Complex Training Only on Measures of Physical Fitness in Young Female Handball Players

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Helmi Chaabene ◽  
Yassine Negra ◽  
Senda Sammoud ◽  
Jason Moran ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Balance Exercises ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Complex Training ◽  
Versus Complex

Purpose: To examine the effects of balance exercises conducted prior to complex training (bCT) versus complex training (CT) only on measures of physical fitness in young female elite handball players. Methods: Participants aged 17 years were randomly assigned to bCT (n = 11) or CT (n = 12). The 2 training interventions lasted 8 weeks with 2 sessions per week in replacement of some technical/tactical handball exercises and were matched for total training volume. Before and after training, tests were performed for the evaluation of proxies of muscle power (countermovement jump height, standing long-jump distance, and reactive strength index), muscle strength (back half-squat 1-repetition maximum), dynamic balance (Y-balance test), linear sprint speed (20-m sprint test), and change-of-direction speed (T test). Results: Two-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant group × time interactions for the reactive strength index (d = 0.99, P = .03) and Y-balance test score (d = 1.32, P < .01). Post hoc analysis indicated significant pre–post reactive strength index improvements in CT (d = 0.69, P = .04) only. For the Y-balance test, significant pre–post increases were found in bCT (d = 0.71, P = .04) with no significant changes in CT (d = 0.61, P = .07). In addition, significant main effects of time were observed for half-squat 1-repetition maximum, countermovement jump, standing long jump, and T test performance (d = 1.50 to 3.10, P < .05). Conclusions: Both bCT and CT interventions were effective in improving specific measures of physical fitness in young elite female handball players. If the training goal is to improve balance in addition, balance exercises can be conducted within a CT training session and prior to CT exercises.

scholarly journals The influence of circuit training on the development of strength and speed-power abilities in basketball players of 18-19 years old

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
I.V. Strelnikowa ◽  
G. G. Polevoy
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Process Material

Purpose: to determine the influence of circuit training on the level of strength and speed-strength abilities development in basketball players of 18-19 years old at the pre-competitive and competitive stages of the training process. Material: athletes (n = 32) were divided into 2 groups of 16 people. The pedagogical experiment lasted 7 months. Tests were applied to determine speed-power abilities: standing long jump test (broad jump, cm); vertical jump test. Strength was evaluated by the following tests: pull-up bars; hanging leg raises (stall bars)). Results: it was determined that power and speed-power abilities are leading in basketball. It was proposed the set of physical exercises performed on the principle of circuit training. It was confirmed the expediency of the circuit training applying for the development of power and speed-power abilities in basketball players. It is established that the circular training in the preparatory and final parts of the training increases the speed and speed-strength indicators of basketball players. Conclusion: It is recommended the circuit training applying at the pre-competitive and competitive stages of the training process.

scholarly journals Integrative Neuromuscular Training and Sex-Specific Fitness Performance in 7-Year-Old Children: An Exploratory Investigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avery D. Faigenbaum ◽  
Gregory D. Myer ◽  
Anne Farrell ◽  
Tracy Radler ◽  
Marc Fabiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Neuromuscular Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Shuttle Run ◽  
Push Up

Context: Integrative neuromuscular training (INT) has successfully enhanced physical fitness and reduced abnormal biomechanics, which appear to decrease injury rates in adolescent female athletes. If not addressed at the proper time, low levels of physical fitness and abnormal mechanics may predispose female athletes to an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Objectives To evaluate sex-specific effects of INT on selected measures of health- and skill-related fitness in children during physical education (PE). Design: Cohort study. Setting: Public primary school. Patients or Other Participants: Forty children (16 boys, 24 girls; age = 7.6 ± 0.3 years, height = 124.5 ± 6.4 cm, mass = 29.5 ± 7.6 kg) from 2 second-grade PE classes. Intervention(s): The classes were randomized into the PE-plus-INT group (10 boys, 11 girls) or the control group (6 boys, 13 girls) that participated in traditional PE. The INT was performed 2 times per week during the first approximately 15 minutes of each PE class and consisted of body weight exercises. Main Outcome Measure(s): Push-up, curl-up, standing long jump, single-legged hop, single-legged balance, sit-and-reach flexibility test, shuttle run, and 0.8-km run. Results: At baseline, the boys demonstrated higher levels of performance in most of the fitness measurements as evidenced by greater performance on the push-up, standing long jump, single-legged hop, shuttle run, and 0.8-km run (P &lt; .05). In the evaluation of the training effects, we found intervention effects in the girls for enhanced INT-induced gains in performance relative to the control group on the curl-up, long jump, single-legged hop, and 0.8-km run (P &lt; .05) after controlling for baseline. Boys did not demonstrate similar adaptations from the INT program (P ≥ .05). Conclusions: These data indicate that INT is an effective and time-efficient addition to PE for enhancing motor skills and promoting physical activity in children. Seven-year-old girls appeared to be more sensitive to the effects of INT than 7-year-old boys. Future research is warranted to confirm these effects in larger cohorts of children.

scholarly journals The role of age, sex, anthropometry, and body composition as determinants of physical fitness in nonobese children aged 6–12

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Milanese ◽  
Marco Sandri ◽  
Valentina Cavedon ◽  
Carlo Zancanaro
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump

Purpose The determinants of physical fitness in children have been given limited attention. In particular, the relative role of chronological age, sex, anthropometry, and body composition in physical fitness of children has been barely investigated. This cross-sectional study investigated determinants of physical fitness using a set of predictive variables including, in addition to chronological age and sex, a large panel of anthropometric measurements as well as body composition. The study was carried out in a convenience sample of children aged 6–12 participating in a summer camp. Methods One-hundred-ninety-three children (128 males) fulfilled all requirements and entered analysis. Health-related physical fitness components (speed, muscular power and balance) were explored by means of field tests, namely the 30-m dash test for running speed, the standing long jump and the seated chest pass test for lower limbs and upper body muscular power, respectively, and the flamingo balance test for static balance. Determinants of physical fitness were investigated by regression analysis using chronological age, sex, anthropometry, and body composition in a hierarchical approach. To minimize the expected effect of collinearity in predictor variables, an original statistical approach using Random Forests analysis was adopted. Results Age predicted 45.2%, 43.6%, 35.6% and 25.6%; and sex 9.5%, 10.7%, 6.3% and 2.0% of variance in the 30-m dash, seated chest pass, standing long jump, and flamingo balance test, respectively. Anthropometry and body composition explained a limited or no percentage of variance. The adjusted R2 (root mean square error) was 0.61 (0.31 s), 0.45 (0.32 m), 0.58 (0.15 m) and 0.41 (0.75 logs) for the 30-m dash, seated chest pass, standing long jump, and flamingo balance test, respectively making these models useful when physical fitness tests are not feasible. Conclusions We highlighted the respective role of chronological age, sex, anthropometry, and body composition in physical fitness of children in the wide age range 6–12 years. Data confirm and expand on previous literature by showing with a strictly conservative statistical approach that chronological age is a main determinant of physical fitness of both boys and girls, sex playing a limited role. The role of anthropometry was even less important, and no role was found for body composition. These findings should be considered when planning/implementing motor development or physical education programs.

The Isometric Midthigh Pull in Basketball: An Effective Predictor of Sprint and Jump Performance in Male, Adolescent Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-415
Author(s):  
Aaron T. Scanlan ◽  
Neal Wen ◽  
Joshua H. Guy ◽  
Nathan Elsworthy ◽  
Michele Lastella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Force ◽  
Male Adolescent ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Distance Correlation ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Jump Distance ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Long Jump

Purpose: To examine correlations between peak force and impulse measures attained during the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) and basketball-specific sprint and jump tests. Methods: Male, adolescent basketball players (N = 24) completed a battery of basketball-specific performance tests. Testing consisted of the IMTP (absolute and normalized peak force and impulse at 100 and 250 ms); 20-m sprint (time across 5, 10, and 20 m); countermovement jump (CMJ; absolute and normalized peak force and jump height); standing long jump (distance); and repeated lateral bound (distance). Correlation and regression analyses were conducted between IMTP measures and other attributes. Results: An almost perfect correlation was evident between absolute peak force attained during the IMTP and CMJ (r = .94, R2 = 56%, P < .05). Moderate to very large correlations (P < .05) were observed between IMTP normalized peak force and 5-m sprint time (r = −.44, R2 = 19%), 10-m sprint time (r = −.45, R2 = 20%), absolute (r = .57, R2 = 33%), normalized (r = .86, R2 = 73%) CMJ peak force, and standing long-jump distance (r = .51, R2 = 26%). Moderate to very large correlations were evident between impulse measures during the IMTP and 5-m sprint time (100 ms, r = −.40, R2 = 16%, P > .05) and CMJ absolute peak force (100 ms, r = .73, R2 = 54%; 250 ms, r = .68, R2 = 47%; P < .05). Conclusions: The IMTP may be used to assess maximal and rapid force expression important across a range of basketball-specific movements.

scholarly journals Effect of Plyometric Training on Jumping, Sprinting and Change of Direction Speed in Child Female Athletes

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Bogdanis ◽  
Olyvia Donti ◽  
Athanasia Papia ◽  
Anastasia Donti ◽  
Nikolaos Apostolidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: This study examined the effects of 8 weeks of plyometric training on jumping, sprinting, and change of direction (COD) performance. Methods: Fifty female 7–9-year-old gymnasts were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group (PG; n = 33), that performed supplementary plyometric training twice per week, and a control group (CG; n = 17) that continued regular training. The following tests were performed before and after the intervention: 10 and 20 m sprints, 5 + 5 m and 10 + 10 m COD tests, one-leg and two-leg countermovement jump (CMJ), drop jump (DJ), squat jump (SJ), and standing long jump (SLJ). Results: Only a main effect for time was found for all jumping performance parameters (p = 0.001). However, the improvement of one- and two-leg CMJ in PG had a greater effect size than CG (0.72 and 0.67 vs. 0.34 and 0.18, respectively). Group × time interactions were found for 10 and 20 m sprint tests (p = 0.018 and p = 0.011, respectively) and for 10 + 10 m COD (p = 0.008) with the post hoc test showing improvement only for the PG (p = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.003 and d = 1.1, 1.14, and 0.6, respectively). Conclusions: Supplementary plyometric training increased sprint and COD performance more than regular gymnastics training, while jumping performance was equally improved in both groups.

scholarly journals Effect of 12 Weeks Workout on Women’s Physical Fitness

GYMNASIUM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol XX (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Florin Valentin Leuciuc
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Handgrip Test ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Shuttle Run

The aim of this research is to determine the students physical fitness level by using Eurofit test battery. The research subjects are students (female) from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava. The applied tests to the subjects are from the EUROFIT test battery. It is observed that not all fitness components have been improved in the same way. The best effect was obtained for the following components: balance test (Flamingo), static muscular strength (handgrip test), dynamic strength (sit ups), speed segmental (plate tapping) where progress was over 7%. A good progress was recorded for: running speed (10x5m shuttle run), strength endurance (bent arm hang), cardio-respiratory endurance (20m endurance shuttle run), lower limb explosive strength (standing long jump). To attract youth for practicing regular physical activity it is needed to find attractive sports or activities and motivate them to develop their physical fitness.

Effect of 12 Weeks Workout on Women’s Physical Fitness

GYMNASIUM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Florin Valentin Leuciuc
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Handgrip Test ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Shuttle Run

The aim of this research is to determine the students physical fitness level by using Eurofit test battery. The research subjects are students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, ”Stefan cel Mare” University of Suceava. The applied tests to the subjects are from the EUROFIT test battery. It is observed that not all fitness components have been improved in the same way. The best effect was obtained for the following components: balance test (Flamingo balance test), static muscular strength (handgrip test), dynamic strength (sit ups), speed segmental (plate tapping) where progress was over 7%. A good progress was recorded for: running speed (10x5m shuttle run), strength endurance (bent arm hang), cardio-respiratory endurance (20m endurance shuttle run), lower limb explosive strength (standing long jump). To attract youth for practicing regular physical activity it is needed to find attractive sports or activities and motivate them to develop their physical fitness.

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE PHYSICAL TRAINING OF FEMALE GYMNASTS IN BEAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
A.R. TANASĂ ◽  
◽  
C.E. MORARU ◽  
P.F. TROFIN ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Training ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Female Gymnasts

"The purpose of the study was to identify the optimal physical training means and their influence on the power indicators of the female gymnasts. The study was conducted on a sample of 13 female athletes (32.97±5.72 kg and 140.8±9.2 cm) practicing artistic gymnastics, aged between 10 – 12 years (11.15±0.8 years), at performance level. The physical tests performed were as follows: standing long jump, stahl bar semi-squats, push-ups at the beam, pike position on the beam, extensions on the gym bench, and handstands. Following the analysis of the results, it has been concluded that the effects of the means proposed by us are statistically significant in case of all events (p=˂0.0001)."

scholarly journals The relationships between dynamic balance and sprint, flexibility, strength, jump in junior soccer players

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
Alpaslan Kartal
Keyword(s):  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Star Excursion Balance Test

Background and Study Aim. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between sprint, flexibility, upper extremity strength and Star Excursion Balance Test performances in soccer players aged 12–14 years. Material and Methods.  Eighteen junior soccer players (mean age, 9.78 ± 1.6 years; height, 139.5 ± 11.0 cm; weight, 34.3 ± 9.9 kg; BMI, 17.3±2.9; leg length; 63.7±5.9 cm) participated in this study voluntarily. They were training 2 or 3 times a week with the addition of one match per month and none of them had reported injuries or diseases related to sports.  After measuring the anthropometrics of the subjects, they were familiarized with the test procedures. Measurements included handgrip strength (HD), 30 sc. sit-ups (SU), standing long jump (SLJ), Countermovement jump (CMJ) and 20m-Sprint tests as independent variables, and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) as dependent variables. Then, statistical analysis was applied to the data transferred to SPSS 24.0 Packet program. Results.  The inconsistent correlations between variables of SEBT and selected parameters were found. The strongest significant relationships of the variables of SEBT with selected variables were observed between anterolateral (AL) and SU (r=646, p<0.05), and between posteromedial (PM) and Sprint (r=-650). No significant correlations were observed between variables of dynamic balance and CMJ, SLJ, Relative Handgrip Strength (RHS). Conclusions.  As a result, strength and power performances may not necessarily be related to impaired balance directly in young soccer men. Moreover, low back flexibility may have negative or positive influences on dynamic balance.

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