Perception of an Aggressive Interaction as a Function of the Perceiver's Aggression

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1123-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Aggressive Interaction ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Aggression Level

This research examined whether persons high or low in naturally occurring aggression differ in attributions made to others engaged in an aggressive interaction. All participants were shown a videotaped aggressive exchange after which they completed a standard person-perception questionnaire and a self-report used to separate them into groups of persons high and low in aggression. The salience of the more aggressive stimulus person was manipulated as a means of relating results to existing findings and theory in person perception. Five of the seven dependent measures show effects of level of aggression consistent with prediction of more negative perceptions by persons high in aggression than by persons low in aggression. Level of aggression often interacts with salience and stimulus person, and some of these complex interactions are not easily interpretable. However, persons high in aggression perceive greater injury, negative reactions, and domineering in such situations and make greater causal distinction among stimulus persons.

Implementation of AF-CBT by Community Practitioners Serving Child Welfare and Mental Health

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Kolko ◽  
Barbara L. Baumann ◽  
Amy D. Herschell ◽  
Jonathan A. Hart ◽  
Elizabeth A. Holden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Learning Community ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Negative Perceptions

The Partnerships for Families project is a randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate the implementation of Alternatives for Families: A Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy (AF-CBT), an evidence-based treatment for family conflict, coercion, and aggression, including child physical abuse. To evaluate the effectiveness of a training program in this model, 182 community practitioners from 10 agencies were randomized to receive AF-CBT training ( n = 90) using a learning community model (workshops, consultation visits) or Training as Usual (TAU; n = 92) which provided trainings per agency routine. Practitioners completed self-report measures at four time points (0, 6, 12, and 18 months following baseline). Of those assigned to AF-CBT, 89% participated in at least one training activity and 68% met a “training completion” definition. A total of 80 (44%) practitioners were still active clinicians in the study by 18-month assessment in that they had not met our staff turnover or study withdrawal criteria. Using an intent-to-train design, hierarchical linear modeling analyses revealed significantly greater initial improvements for those in the AF-CBT training condition (vs. TAU condition) in CBT-related knowledge and use of AF-CBT teaching processes, abuse-specific skills, and general psychological skills. In addition, practitioners in both groups reported significantly more negative perceptions of organizational climate through the intervention phase. These significant, albeit modest, findings are discussed in the context of treatment training, research, and work force issues as they relate to the diverse backgrounds, settings, and populations served by community practitioners.

Inferential Sets and Person Perception: A Partial Replication and Extension

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mc Call ◽  
Gordon Rae
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Partial Replication ◽  
Female Stimulus ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Male Stimulus ◽  
Adjective Pair ◽  
Two Independent Variables

203 female Ss read a short case-study and a group of related questions. They were then required to complete a 12 adjective-pair semantic differential indicating their dispositional judgments of the stimulus person in the narrative. Two independent variables were manipulated, the sex of the stimulus person and the group of questions asked. One group of questions was intended to induce a situation-matching set and the other a causal-genetic set. Ss in the situation-matching group rated the male stimulus person more hard ( p < .05), more bold ( p < .01), and less emotional ( p < .05) than Ss in the causal-genetic group. In the case of the female stimulus person Ss in the situation-matching group perceived her as more bold ( p < .05). Differences due to sex alone were found only for the situation-matching groups who perceived the female stimulus person as less hard ( p < .05) and less rugged ( p < .01) than the male.

scholarly journals A new topology of the HK97-like fold revealed in Bordetella bacteriophage by cryoEM at 3.5 Å resolution

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Huatao Guo ◽  
Lei Jin ◽  
Elizabeth Czornyj ◽  
Asher Hodes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phage Display ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Atomic Structures ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Β Sheet ◽  
Cement Protein

Bacteriophage BPP-1 infects and kills Bordetella species that cause whooping cough. Its diversity-generating retroelement (DGR) provides a naturally occurring phage-display system, but engineering efforts are hampered without atomic structures. Here, we report a cryo electron microscopy structure of the BPP-1 head at 3.5 Å resolution. Our atomic model shows two of the three protein folds representing major viral lineages: jellyroll for its cement protein (CP) and HK97-like (‘Johnson’) for its major capsid protein (MCP). Strikingly, the fold topology of MCP is permuted non-circularly from the Johnson fold topology previously seen in viral and cellular proteins. We illustrate that the new topology is likely the only feasible alternative of the old topology. β-sheet augmentation and electrostatic interactions contribute to the formation of non-covalent chainmail in BPP-1, unlike covalent inter-protein linkages of the HK97 chainmail. Despite these complex interactions, the termini of both CP and MCP are ideally positioned for DGR-based phage-display engineering.

scholarly journals Self-Perception and Relative Increases in Substance Use Problems in Early Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-549
Author(s):  
Florence Yan ◽  
Meghan Costello ◽  
Joseph Allen
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Substance Use Problems ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Negative Perceptions

This study assessed self-perception as a long-term predictor of relative changes in problems related to alcohol and marijuana use in early adulthood. Self-report questionnaires were completed by a community sample of 124 individuals in the Southeastern United States who were followed longitudinally from age 19 to 27. More problems due to substance use at age 27 were predicted by participants’ negative perceptions of their social acceptance, romantic appeal, and self-worth. Predictions remained after accounting for potential confounds including gender, income, and baseline substance use problems at age 19. Social avoidance and distress in new situations at age 19 mediated the relationship between self-perception and relative changes in substance use problems, such that increases in substance use problems from age 19 to 27 were potentially explainable by the linkage of negative self-perceptions to social avoidance and distress in new situations.

Heuristic theory in corpus compilation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Patkin
Keyword(s):  
Prior Experience ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Software And Hardware

AbstractBuilding the Asian Corpus of English (ACE, 2014) involved complex interactions between researchers, participants, transcription conventions, software and hardware. The gathering and transcribing of naturally occurring conversations of English among Asian multilinguals was undertaken by a team of more than twenty researchers in nine locations across Asia. Modelled on the Vienna Oxford Corpus of English (VOICE), ACE faced unique challenges due to linguistic, cultural and geographical differences. These problems were solved through procedures and tools known as heuristics which were built on prior experience and also trial and error. The process of developing and categorising these skills are presented with experiences shared by ACE researchers and the author along with examples from the corpus.

The Princess and the Nice Frog: Study in Person Perception

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hartnett ◽  
Donna Elder
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Attractive Female ◽  
Favorable Light ◽  
Attractive Male

The present study investigated how individuals are perceived as a function of their association with others. An unattractive male was perceived in a more favorable light when he was paired with an attractive female than with an unattractive female. An attractive female was liked more when she was associated with an unattractive male than when she was paired with an attractive male. Results are interpreted in terms of the sex of the stimulus person and the sex of the perceiver.

Finding the roots of adolescent aggressive behaviour

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Glowacz ◽  
Marie-Hélène Véronneau ◽  
Sylvie Boët ◽  
Michel Born
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Normative Development ◽  
Adolescent Aggression ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Aggressive Behaviours ◽  
Aggression Level

Aggressive behaviours in adolescence often originate in early development. This study tested three longitudinal pathways starting in early childhood, in a sample of 325 Belgian participants (162 girls) assessed every 1 or 2 years from birth through age 14. Structural equation models supported the “mother early dissatisfaction” pathway toward adolescent aggression, but neither the “cognitive functioning” nor the “early aggressive behaviour” pathway gained clear support. Mother’s early dissatisfaction with her child was the starting point of a series of negative perceptions of the child, which predicted physical and social aggression in adolescence. Children’s cognitive functioning and early aggression level were weakly correlated with mother’s perceptions. This finding suggests that explaining normative development to parents may improve mothers’ perceptions of their early experience as a mother, of their child, and of their subsequent interactions, which may reduce their child’s future aggressive behaviours.

PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVES AND DEFENSIVE PERSON PERCEPTION: A BRIEF HISTORICAL ACCOUNT AND A REVISED MODEL

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Assor
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Defensive Processing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Interactive Model ◽  
Hedonic Value ◽  
Future Outcomes

Three stages in the development of the theoretical framework which has guided research on motives and defensive person perception are described, beginning with a trait approach and ending in a process oriented interactive model. Then, in order to accommodate findings showing that threatening stimuli are often processed in a realistic rather than a defensive way, a revised interactive model is proposed as a fourth stage of conceptualization. According to the revised model, perceiver's motives lead to defensive person perceptions only if (a) the interaction of perceiver's motives with the attributes of the stimulus person and the situation produces emotional arousal in the perceiver; and (b) the perceiver assumes that defensive processing of information related to the stimulus person has higher hedonic value than realistic processing. The following factors are proposed as determinants of the hedonic value and the relative intensity of realistic versus defensive processing: (a) the degree to which the stimulus is objectively linked with the perceiver's personal future outcomes; (b) the clarity of this hedonic link; (c) perceiver's ability to perceive negative hedonic links; (d) hope that realistic processing will help to obtain desired future outcomes; (e) potency of present negative feelings produced by the stimulus; and (f) personality factors affecting the intensity of emotional arousal or the capacity to tolerate and control emotional arousal. According to the revised model, defensive effects of motives on person perception are likely to occur primarily outside the laboratory, in the context of lasting and meaningful interpersonal relations.

scholarly journals Citrus Consumption and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (23) ◽  
pp. 2500-2508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaowei Wu ◽  
Jiali Han ◽  
Diane Feskanich ◽  
Eunyoung Cho ◽  
Meir J. Stampfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Apparent Association

Purpose Citrus products are widely consumed foods that are rich in psoralens and furocoumarins, a group of naturally occurring chemicals with potential photocarcinogenic properties. We prospectively evaluated the risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma associated with citrus consumption. Methods A total of 63,810 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1984 to 2010) and 41,622 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986 to 2010) were included. Dietary information was repeatedly assessed every 2 to 4 years during follow-up. Incident melanoma cases were identified through self-report and confirmed by pathologic records. Results Over 24 to 26 years of follow-up, we documented 1,840 incident melanomas. After adjustment for other risk factors, the pooled multivariable hazard ratios for melanoma were 1.00 for overall citrus consumption < twice per week (reference), 1.10 (95% CI, 0.94 to 1.30) for two to four times per week, 1.26 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.47) for five to six times per week, 1.27 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.49) for once to 1.5 times per day, and 1.36 (95% CI, 1.14 to 1.63) for ≥ 1.6 times per day (Ptrend < .001). Among individual citrus products, grapefruit showed the most apparent association with risk of melanoma, which was independent of other lifestyle and dietary factors. The pooled multivariable hazard ratio for melanoma comparing the extreme consumption categories of grapefruit (≥ three times per week v never) was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.82; Ptrend < .001). Conclusion Citrus consumption was associated with an increased risk of malignant melanoma in two cohorts of women and men. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to confirm our findings and explore related health implications.

Effect of Sex, Inferred Sex-Role and Occupational Sex-Linkage on Perceptions of Occupational Success

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Sex Linkage ◽  
Occupational Success ◽  
Female Stimulus ◽  
Sex Role Stereotyping ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Male Subjects

In a 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 (subject's sex, stimulus-person's sex, stimulus-person's sex-role as inferred from sex-related clothing, and stimulus-person's sex-linked occupation) complete factorial between-subjects experiment, 120 female and 120 male subjects viewed a slide of either a male or female stimulus-person wearing either masculine or feminine clothing. Stimulus persons were also said to be employed in either a masculine, feminine, or sex-neutral occupation. Subjects then recorded their first impressions of the stimulus-person on a person-perception questionnaire. Analysis indicated that persons wearing masculine clothing were perceived as more successful in their occupations than persons wearing feminine clothing for both the masculine and feminine (business) occupations. No differences were found for persons in the sex-neutral occupation. Additional analyses are discussed and conclusions drawn regarding the effect of clothing in sex-role stereotyping in first-impression situations.

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