How Should the Stroop Interference Effect Be Measured? Further Evidence from Alternative Versions of the Stroop Task

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1123-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenn-Yeu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
General Measure ◽  
Neutral Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

The present study modeled the relationship between the Stroop and the neutral naming times to investigate the mechanism underlying the Stroop interference effect. 95 subjects took six alternative versions of the Stroop task and the naming times in the Stroop and neutral conditions were each averaged across the tasks to arrive at a more general measure of the Stroop and neutral naming times. Regression analysis of these general measures indicated a linear function with a small and nonsignificant intercept and a slope significantly greater than one. This finding is consistent with Chen's 1996 results and supports the hypothesis that the mechanism underlying the Stroop interference is interactive or multiplicative rather than stage-like or additive and that a ratio of Stroop over neutral naming times was psychologically a more appropriate measure.

Stroop task among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and pathological gambling (PG) in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT)

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einat Peles ◽  
Aviv Weinstein ◽  
Anat Sason ◽  
Miriam Adelson ◽  
Shaul Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impaired attention selection (Stroop interference effect) and general performance [reaction times (RTs)] on the Stroop task among methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), pathological gambling (PG), both PG/OCD or none, and the influence if having ADHD.MethodsEighty-six patients and 15 control subjects underwent the Stroop task, which measured RTs of condition-related words (color, obsessive compulsive disorder, pathological gambling, addiction) and neutral words.ResultsMMT patients had longer RTs on the Stroop task compared with controls. RTs were longer among patients with OCD and in those who abused drugs on the study day. The combined PG/OCD group had the longest RTs, but they were also characterized as abusing more drugs, being older, and having worse cognitive status. Stroop color interference differed only among MMT patients with ADHD, and it was higher among those with OCD than those without OCD. The modified condition-related Stroop did not show any interference effect of OCD, addiction, or gambling words.ConclusionsMMT patients had generally poorer performance, as indicated by longer RTs, that were related to clinical OCD, drug abuse, poor cognitive state, and older age. Patients with both clinical OCD and ADHD had a higher Stroop interference effect, which is a reflection of an attention deficit. In order to improve clinical approach and treatment of MMT patients, OCD and ADHD should be evaluated (and treated as needed).

Is There Semantic Conflict in the Stroop Task?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Burca ◽  
Virginie Beaucousin ◽  
Pierre Chausse ◽  
Ludovic Ferrand ◽  
Benjamin A. Parris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Response Competition ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Single Letter ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Competition Models ◽  
Semantic Conflict ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
First Time

Abstract. This research addressed current controversies concerning the contribution of semantic conflict to the Stroop interference effect and its reduction by a single-letter coloring and cueing procedure. On the first issue, it provides, for the first time, unambiguous evidence for a contribution of semantic conflict to the (overall) Stroop interference effect. The reported data remained inconclusive on the second issue, despite being collected in a considerable sample and analyzed with both classical (frequentist) and Bayesian inferential approaches. Given that in all past Stroop studies, semantic conflict was possibly confounded with either response conflict (e.g., when semantic-associative items [ SKYblue] are used to induce semantic conflict) or with facilitation (when color-congruent items [ BLUEblue] are used as baseline to derive a magnitude for semantic conflict), its genuine contribution to the Stroop interference effect is the most critical result reported in the present study. Indeed, it leaves no doubt – in complete contrast to dominant single-stage response competition models (e.g., Roelofs, 2003 ) – that selection occurs at the semantic level in the Stroop task. The immediate implications for the composite (as opposed to unitary) nature of the Stroop interference effect and other still unresolved issues in the Stroop literature are outlined further.

ADHD and Stroop interference from age 9 to age 41 years: a meta-analysis of developmental effects

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1607-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Schwartz ◽  
P. Verhaeghen
Keyword(s):  
Interference Effect ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundIn this meta-analysis, we investigated whether response inhibition is sensitive to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) status and, if so, what influence maturation has on this attentional symptom of ADHD.MethodWe examined 25 studies that reported data on the Stroop color word test in children and adults with ADHD and in age-matched controls; average ages ranged from 9 to 41 years. We utilized a hierarchical approach to analyze the strength of the Stroop effect and whether the effect varies as a function of age. Additionally, we assessed potential differences in maturation rates based on reaction time (RT) of color and color-word conditions.ResultsFirst, we found that the relationship between color-word and color RT was multiplicative, and the slope of this function (the ratio of color-word RT over color RT) was identical across age groups and ADHD status. Second, we found that although ADHD individuals were on average 1.14 times slower than age-matched controls in both the color and the color-word condition, the maturation rate was identical for both groups.ConclusionsThe results from this analysis indicate that the Stroop interference effect is not larger in ADHD individuals than in age-matched controls. Further, we did not find evidence for differential maturation rates for persons with ADHD and the control groups. The Stroop interference effect appears to be immune to age, regardless of ADHD status.

Poor Acceptance of the Past is Related to Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Gozde Cetinkol ◽  
Gulbahar Bastug ◽  
E. Tugba Ozel Kizil
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Ego Integrity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Total Death ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Depression in older adults can be explained by Erikson’s theory on the conflict of ego integrity versus hopelessness. The study investigated the relationship between past acceptance, hopelessness, death anxiety, and depressive symptoms in 100 older (≥50 years) adults. The total Beck Hopelessness (BHS), Geriatric Depression (GDS), and Accepting the Past (ACPAST) subscale scores of the depressed group were higher, while the total Death Anxiety (DAS) and Reminiscing the Past (REM) subscale scores of both groups were similar. A regression analysis revealed that the BHS, DAS, and ACPAST predicted the GDS. Past acceptance seems to be important for ego integrity in older adults.

INTERAKSI BUDAYA ETIS DAN KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL PADA HUBUNGAN MUATAN ETIKA DAN PERILAKU ETIS MAHASISWA (Survey pada Pendidikan Vokasi Akuntansi di Yogyakarta)

Equity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Hanny Y
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Ethical Culture ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Ethical Content ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to analyze the interaction of ethical culture, spiritual intelligence, ethical content, and students' ethical behavior. The population in this study is a student at one of the leading accounting vocational education institutions in Yogyakarta. Sampling technique in this research use purposive sampling. The number of samples in this study was 368 respondents. Data analysis using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of this study indicate that the content of ethics affect the student's ethical behavior. The interaction of ethical culture on the relationship between ethical content and ethical behavior suggests it can strengthen its influence. Similarly, the interplay of spiritual intelligence that demonstrates can strengthen the relationship between ethical content and student ethical behavior.

Analisa Pemilihan Moda Transportasi Umum Rute Tanjung Karang – Bandara Radin Inten II Dengan Stated Preference dan Uji Crame’s V

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abi Berkah Nadi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Utility Function ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Technical Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Time Headway ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Radin Inten II Airport is a national flight in Lampung Province. In this study using the technical analysis stated preference which is the approach by conveying the choice statement in the form of hypotheses to be assessed by the respondent. By using these techniques the researcher can fully control the hypothesized factors. To determine utility function for model forecasting in fulfilling request of traveler is used regression analysis with SPSS program. The analysis results obtained that the passengers of the dominant airport in the selection of modes of cost attributes than on other attributes. From the result of regression analysis, the influence of independent variable to the highest dependent variable is when the five attributes are used together with the R square value of 8.8%. The relationship between cost, time, headway, time acces and service with the selection of modes, the provision that states whether or not there is a decision. The significance of α = 0.05 with chi-square. And the result of Crame's V test average of 0.298 is around the middle, then the relationship is moderate enough.

LOYALITAS PELANGGAN: PERAN CITRA MEREK DAN KUALITAS PRODUK

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-400
Author(s):  
Machmed Tun Ganyang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine the relationship between brand image and product quality on customer loyalty in sports products. Data were collected through a questionnaire of 68 respondents. Through regression analysis, the results show that brand image and quality can explain variations in consumer loyalty with the brand image as a dominant factor. This finding implies that producers can increase consumer loyalty by enhancing brand image. Companies need to think about how to develop key messages so that consumers can clearly understand the position of the product. The unique aspects of the product need to be improved to create a special impression on the customer. Keywords: brand image, produk quality, customer loyalty

An Investigation on Extrinsic and Intrinsic Rewards on Employee Retention among Gen Y: A Study in Malaysian Manufacturing Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Employee Retention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Extrinsic Reward ◽  
Intrinsic Rewards ◽  
Gen Y ◽  
Intrinsic Reward ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic reward on retention among Gen Y employees in Malaysian manufacturing companies. The data was collected from 113 respondents worked in manufacturing companies located in Seri Kembangan, Selangor using questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. The results showed both extrinsic and intrinsic reward are the factors influencing retaining Gen Y in manufacturing companies. The discussion on the analysis, limitation of the study, recommendation for future research and conclusion were discussed at the end of this study. In a nutshell, it was proven extrinsic reward and intrinsic reward has contributed to the retention of Gen Y employees.

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