Relation of Low and Moderate Intensity Exercise with Acute Mood Change in College Joggers

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie G. Berger ◽  
David R. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After

This study investigated a possible relationship between exercise intensity and mood alteration that commonly is associated with physical activity. 91 college students completed the Profile of Mood States before and after 20 min. of jogging at three intensities: 55%, 75%, and 79% of age-adjusted maximum heart rate on different occasions. Exercisers also completed a demographic inventory, a Lie Scale, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Contrary to our expectations, the interaction between exercise intensity and pre-post mood benefits was not significant. Supporting the manipulation of exercise intensity, the univariate interaction between exercise intensity and pre-post exercise scores on Fatigue was significant. Joggers reported short-term mood benefits on the combined subscales of the Profile of Mood States, and each subscale contributed to the benefits. Thus, regardless of the low- or moderate-intensity, participants reported that they “felt better” after exercising.

scholarly journals The Effects of Sodium Phosphate Supplementation on the Cardiorespiratory System and Gross Efficiency during Exercise under Hypoxia in Male Cyclists: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3556
Author(s):  
Kamila Płoszczyca ◽  
Robert Gajda ◽  
Miłosz Czuba
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serum Inorganic Phosphate

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of six days of tri-sodium phosphate (SP) supplementation on the cardiorespiratory system and gross efficiency (GE) during exercise under hypoxia in cyclists. Twenty trained male cyclists received SP (50 mg·kg−1 of fat-free mass/day) or placebo for six days in a randomized, cross-over study, with a three-week washout period between supplementation phases. Before and after each supplementation phase, the subjects performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion under normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 16%, ~2500 m). It was observed that short-term SP supplementation led to a decrease in heart rate, an increase in stroke volume, and an improvement in oxygen pulse (VO2/HR) during low and moderate-intensity exercise under hypoxia. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the serum inorganic phosphate level by 8.7% (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in serum calcium levels. GE at a given workload did not change significantly after SP supplementation. These results indicated that SP promotes improvements in the efficiency of the cardiorespiratory system during exercise in a hypoxic environment. Thus, SP supplementation may be beneficial for endurance exercise in hypoxia.

scholarly journals THE SIMILAR CHANGES OF GLUCOSE LEVELS BEFORE AND AFTER MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE ACUTELY IN THE MORNING AND NIGHT

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Ronik Harsono Kamal ◽  
Kristanti Wanito Wigati ◽  
Achmad Lefi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Background: There is a lot of research on the importance of exercise but studies on the effective time of exercise regarding regulation of blood glucose levels are not clearly known. Objective: This study aims to determine the comparison of changes in blood glucose levels before and after moderate intensity physical exercise in the morning and night. Material and method: Healthy men (n=34), Age between 17-22 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5-22.9 kg/m2 (normal Asia Pacific), participating in the morning group (8.00 am) or the night group (20.00 pm) are asked to do moderate intensity physical exercise (55-70% of maximum heart rate) using ergocycle for a total of 40 minutes. Blood glucose levels 2 hours post prandial capillaries are taken before exercise and blood glucose levels after exercise are taken acutely. Result: The mean decrease in blood glucose levels in the morning group was -8.353±9.16 mg/dL and in the night group was -6.294±10.10 mg/dL. Blood glucose levels decreased significantly for the morning group (p=0.002) and the night group (p=0.021). The comparison of changes in blood glucose levels between the morning and night groups was not significant (p=0.538). Conclusion: There is no difference between morning or night exercise related to changes in blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals THE SIMILAR CHANGES OF GLUCOSE LEVELS BEFORE AND AFTER MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE ACUTELY IN THE MORNING AND EVENING

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Ronik Harsono Kamal ◽  
Kristanti Wanito Wigati ◽  
Achmad Lefi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Background: There is a lot of research on the importance of exercise but studies on the effective time of exercise regarding regulation of blood glucose levels are not clearly known. Objective: This study aimed to determine the comparison of changes in blood glucose levels before and after moderate intensity physical exercise in the morning and evening. Materials and Methods: Healthy men (n=34), age between 17-22 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5-22.9 kg/m2 (normal Asia Pacific), participating in the morning (8.00 am) or evening group (20.00 pm) are asked to do moderate intensity physical exercise (55-70% of maximum heart rate) using ergocycle for a total of 40 minutes. Blood glucose levels 2 hours post prandial capillaries were taken before exercise and blood glucose levels after exercise were taken acutely. Results: The mean decrease in blood glucose levels in the morning group was ± 8.353 ± 9.16 mg/dL and in the evening group was ± 6.294 ± 10.10 mg/dL. Blood glucose levels decreased significantly for the morning group (p=0.002) and the evening group (p=0.021). The comparison of changes in blood glucose levels between the morning and evening groups was not significant (p=0.538). Conclusion: There was no difference between morning or evening exercise related to changes in blood glucose levels.

Early postnatal overnutrition impairs VO2max gains with moderate exercise and increase post-exercise muscle damage in adult male rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Douglas Lopes Almeida ◽  
Gabriel Sergio Fabricio ◽  
Laize Peron Tófolo ◽  
Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro ◽  
Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adaptation To Exercise

Abstract Exercise counteracts obesity effects, but information on how early-life obesity may affect long-term adaptation to exercise is lacking. This study investigates the impact of early-life postnatal overfeeding (PO) on animals’ adaptation to exercise. Only male Wistar rats were used. On postnatal day (PN) 30, rats from control (NL-9 pups) or PO (SL-3 pups) litters were separated into four groups: NL-sedentary (NL-Se), NL-exercised (NL-Ex), SL-sedentary (SL-Se), and SL-exercised (SL-Ex). Exercised groups performed moderate-intensity exercise, running on a treadmill, from PN30 to PN90. Further experiments were carried out between PN90 and PN92. PO promoted obesity in SL versus NL rats (P < 0.05). Exercise reduced body weight (P < 0.001), body fat (P < 0.01), and improved glucose homeostasis in SL-Ex versus SL-Se. SL-Ex presented lower VO2max (P < 0.01) and higher post-exercise LDH (P < 0.05) compared to NL-Ex rats. Although moderate exercise counteracted obesity in SL rats, early-life overnutrition restricts fitness gains in adulthood, indicating that early obesity may impair animals’ adaptation to exercise.

scholarly journals Objective and subjective measures of exercise intensity during thermo-neutral and hot yoga

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne N. Boyd ◽  
Stephanie M. Lannan ◽  
Micah N. Zuhl ◽  
Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez ◽  
Rachael K. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Constant Intensity

While hot yoga has gained enormous popularity in recent years, owing in part to increased environmental challenge associated with exercise in the heat, it is not clear whether hot yoga is more vigorous than thermo-neutral yoga. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine objective and subjective measures of exercise intensity during constant intensity yoga in a hot and thermo-neutral environment. Using a randomized, crossover design, 14 participants completed 2 identical ∼20-min yoga sessions in a hot (35.3 ± 0.8 °C; humidity: 20.5% ± 1.4%) and thermo-neutral (22.1 ± 0.2 °C; humidity: 27.8% ± 1.6%) environment. Oxygen consumption and heart rate (HR) were recorded as objective measures (percentage of maximal oxygen consumption and percentage of maximal HR (%HRmax)) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded as a subjective measure of exercise intensity. There was no difference in exercise intensity based on percentage of maximal oxygen consumption during hot versus thermo-neutral yoga (30.9% ± 2.3% vs. 30.5% ± 1.8%, p = 0.68). However, exercise intensity was significantly higher during hot versus thermo-neutral yoga based on %HRmax (67.0% ± 2.3% vs. 60.8% ± 1.9%, p = 0.01) and RPE (12 ± 1 vs. 11 ± 1, p = 0.04). According to established exercise intensities, hot yoga was classified as light-intensity exercise based on percentage of maximal oxygen consumption but moderate-intensity exercise based on %HRmax and RPE while thermo-neutral yoga was classified as light-intensity exercise based on percentage of maximal oxygen uptake, %HRmax, and RPE. Despite the added hemodynamic stress and perception that yoga is more strenuous in a hot environment, we observed similar oxygen consumption during hot versus thermo-neutral yoga, classifying both exercise modalities as light-intensity exercise.

scholarly journals KADAR KLORIDA SERUM PADA LATIHAN FISIK INTENSITAS SEDANG MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Johannes ◽  
Diana S. Purwanto ◽  
Stefana H. M. Kaligis
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
T Test ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Serum Chloride ◽  
Before And After

Abstract: Chloride as the major anion in the extracellular fluid plays a role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. One of the factors that influence the levels of serum chloride is sweating during physical exercise. This study aimed to determine  the differenceof serum chloride levels before and after moderate intensity exercise in the students of Faculty of Medicine year 2010 Sam Ratulangi University. This is a pre-exsperimental research with pretest and posttest design with 30 students as samples. The samples were chosen using purposive sampling method and the results were analyzed using paired-sample t-test. The results showed the average levels of serum chloride before and after moderate intensity exercise are 106,10 mEq/L and 107,37 mEq/L while paired-sample t-test significance value (p) is 0,000. From the results can be concluded that there is a significant differences in serum chloride levels before and after moderate intensity exercise in the students of Faculty of Medicine year 2010 Sam Ratulangi University. Keyword: serum chloride, moderate intensity exercise, student of Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University   Abstrak: Klorida sebagai anion utama dalam cairan ekstraselular berperan dalammemelihara keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar klorida serum yaitu keluarnya keringat saat melakukan latihan fisik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar klorida serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas sedang pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi angkatan 2010. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre-eksperimental dengan pretest-posttest design, dengan jumlah sampel 30 orang. Sampel penelitian dipilih dengan purposive sampling dan dianalisis dengan uji t berpasangan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kadar klorida serum sebelum melakukan latihan fisik intensitas sedang adalah 106,10mEq/L, sedangkan rata-rata kadar klorida serum sesudah melakukan latihan fisik intensitas sedang adalah 107,37 mEq/L. Nilai signifikansi uji t berpasangan pada penelitian ini adalah p=0,000. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan kadar klorida serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas sedang pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Angkatan 2010. Kata kunci: klorida serum, latihan fisik intensitas sedang, mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Accrual management and the decision to sell or hold shares acquired from the exercise of employee stock options

2020 ◽  
pp. 0000-0000
Author(s):  
Thomas Smith ◽  
G. Ryan Huston ◽  
Richard M. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Stock Option ◽  
Employee Stock Options ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Employee Stock Option ◽  
Holding Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Accrual Management ◽  
The Impact

This study extends the employee stock option literature by examining the impact of accrual management, before and after stock option exercise, on the timing of sales of shares acquired at exercise. We find evidence that accrual management prior to exercise is positively associated with the decision to quickly sell shares after exercise, facilitating a short-term exercise-and-sell strategy. Alternatively, we find that, among executives initially choosing to hold at exercise, tax incentives appear to drive both post-exercise accrual management and the timing of sale transactions. Specifically, our results suggest that executives use income-increasing accruals during the holding period to bolster their stock option gains sand then sell immediately after satisfying the minimum (twelve month) holding period for long-term capital gain treatment. These results provide context for prior research that found evidence of earnings management leading up to option exercise on the expectation of an immediate sale.

scholarly journals Hippocampal Blood Flow Is Increased After 20 min of Moderate-Intensity Exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Steventon ◽  
C Foster ◽  
H Furby ◽  
D Helme ◽  
R G Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Long-term exercise interventions have been shown to be a potent trigger for both neurogenesis and vascular plasticity. However, little is known about the underlying temporal dynamics and specifically when exercise-induced vascular adaptations first occur, which is vital for therapeutic applications. In this study, we investigated whether a single session of moderate-intensity exercise was sufficient to induce changes in the cerebral vasculature. We employed arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging to measure global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) before and after 20 min of cycling. The blood vessels’ ability to dilate, measured by cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to CO2 inhalation, was measured at baseline and 25-min postexercise. Our data showed that CBF was selectively increased by 10–12% in the hippocampus 15, 40, and 60 min after exercise cessation, whereas CVR to CO2 was unchanged in all regions. The absence of a corresponding change in hippocampal CVR suggests that the immediate and transient hippocampal adaptations observed after exercise are not driven by a mechanical vascular change and more likely represents an adaptive metabolic change, providing a framework for exploring the therapeutic potential of exercise-induced plasticity (neural, vascular, or both) in clinical and aged populations.

A Visual Comparison of Psychological Profiles between Able-Bodied and Wheelchair Athletes

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Henschen ◽  
Michael Horvat ◽  
Ron French
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The State ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Mental Skills ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Wheelchair Athletes

The purpose of this study was to visually compare the psychological profile of 33 male wheelchair athletes who competed in track and field events, with previous results of able-bodied athletes. Based on the data gathered using the Profile of Mood States and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory the wheelchair athletes demonstrated a profile similar to that of able-bodied athletes. This finding was discussed in terms of mental skills that may be developed by wheelchair athletes because of their injuries, possible influence of medication, and higher level of demonstrated anger.Considering that the human body is made for movement, it is a universally accepted fact that sports are one of the activities that are extremely healthy for man. Unlike the machines invented by man, the human machine deteriorates with inactivity. (Monnazzi, 1982, p. 85)

scholarly journals Exercise intensity and the protection from postprandial vascular dysfunction in adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (11) ◽  
pp. H1443-H1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bond ◽  
P. E. Gates ◽  
S. R. Jackman ◽  
L. M. Corless ◽  
C. A. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Acute exercise transiently improves endothelial function and protects the vasculature from the deleterious effects of a high-fat meal (HFM). We sought to identify whether this response is dependent on exercise intensity in adolescents. Twenty adolescents (10 male, 14.3 ± 0.3 yr) completed three 1-day trials: 1) rest (CON); 2) 8 × 1 min cycling at 90% peak power with 75 s recovery [high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)]; and 3) cycling at 90% of the gas exchange threshold [moderate-intensity exercise (MIE)] 1 h before consuming a HFM (1.50 g/kg fat). Macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function was assessed before and immediately after exercise and 3 h after the HFM by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and laser Doppler imaging [peak reactive hyperemia (PRH)]. FMD and PRH increased 1 h after HIIE [ P < 0.001, effect size (ES) = 1.20 and P = 0.048, ES = 0.56] but were unchanged after MIE. FMD and PRH were attenuated 3 h after the HFM in CON ( P < 0.001, ES = 1.78 and P = 0.02, ES = 0.59). FMD remained greater 3 h after the HFM in HIIE compared with MIE ( P < 0.001, ES = 1.47) and CON ( P < 0.001, ES = 2.54), and in MIE compared with CON ( P < 0.001, ES = 1.40). Compared with CON, PRH was greater 3 h after the HFM in HIIE ( P = 0.02, ES = 0.71) and MIE ( P = 0.02, ES = 0.84), with no differences between HIIE and MIE ( P = 0.72, ES = 0.16). Plasma triacylglycerol concentration and total antioxidant status concentration were not different between trials. We conclude that exercise intensity plays an important role in protecting the vasculature from the deleterious effects of a HFM. Performing HIIE may provide superior vascular benefits than MIE in adolescent groups.

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